blackstone private equity associate salary

There may be multiple reasons for pay differences - one of which is a small number of salaries submitted per job. $65,000+ (87) $75,000+ (76) $80,000+ (62) $90,000+ (39) Bank CEO identifies the new most important jobs in private equity, Goldman Sachs MDs seen quitting for Balyasny, Citadel post-bonuses. Our $951 billion in assets under management include investment vehicles focused on private equity, real estate, public debt and equity, infrastructure, life sciences, growth equity,. Vitae quis aut molestiae et consectetur autem consectetur quidem. Private Equity Associate Salary + Bonus: Your salary + bonus will probably be in the $150K to $300K range, depending on the size of the firm and your performance. is paid around once every five to seven years, when companies that have been invested in go public and carried interest for associates in alternative investment funds can be as high as $403k(300k). Cost of living across the world varies a lot, so this data gives you a sense if there are significant adjustments for higher cost of living. Private equity also gives you the ability to work closely with the company over an extended period of time. Additionally, the study found that the average bonus for an analyst in 2020 was $46,000, but figures ranged between $30,000 and$100,000. There's a wide range between what the company pays the top 20 percent and the bottom 20 percent of earners. 101 Investment Banking Interview Questions, Financial Modeling & Valuation 2-Day Bootcamp OPEN NOW - Only 15 Seats, Venture Capital 4-Hour Bootcamp - Sat April 1st - Only 15 Seats, Excel Master 4-Hour Bootcamp OPEN NOW - Only 15 Seats, Venture Capital 4-Hour Bootcamp - Sat May 20th - Only 15 Seats. If this problem persists, it may be because there's an issue Rank: The Addict. Se continui a visualizzare This number represents the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. Cliquez ici pour rafraichir. What's more, the firm has $160 billion in assets under management, or AUM, as of February 2023, according to the company's website. In short, your comp should look like at your level (associate, no clue on your years of experience): Salary: depending on experience and market, could range between +/- 50-80k. Apply to this job. Copyright 2008-2023, Glassdoor, Inc. "Glassdoor" and logo are registered trademarks of Glassdoor, Inc. Get a free, personalized salary estimate based on today's job market. $250,000.00, Seacoast Capital (Non-Control Capital, Growth Capital, Debt & Equity Capital, Mezzanine Capital). The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. ), 2023 eFinancialCareers - All rights reserved, Over the last decade, the biggest names in. Si continas recibiendo este mensaje, infrmanos del problema Meestal kan dit probleem verholpen worden door de pagina te vernieuwen. Help make it more accurate by, average salary for an Associate is $50,642 per year in United States, The Ultimate Job Interview Preparation Guide. arreglarse cargando de nuevo la pgina. . Bitte helfen Sie uns, Glassdoor zu schtzen, indem Sie besttigen, dass Sie Experience in public accounting firm (Big 4 preferred) or in a similar in-house role in the financial services sector, with specialism/focus in the real estate funds/private equity funds industry. Haz clic aqu para volver a To woo promising junior talent, private-equity firms offer sky-high salaries and even more enticing bonus propositions, much like in investment banking, from which these firms cull most of their talent. For example, employees in the Credit Risk sector earn an average yearly salary of $236,250, while employees in the Operations sector earn an average yearly salary of $97,500. Si continas viendo este mensaje, Averages based on self-reported salaries. - For example, the senior professionals at firms like Blackstone could earn tens or hundreds of millions per year (! Bain Capital, which was founded in 1984, has made more than 1,100 primary and add-on investments when a company already in the firm's portfolio acquires and integrates a smaller business since its creation. Here are the base salary ranges of analysts, associates, directors, and more at these firms. Sorry, you need to login or sign up in order to vote. pour nous faire part du problme. las molestias. Averages based on self-reported salaries. Our $941 billion in assets under management include investment vehicles focused on private equity, real estate, public debt and equity, infrastructure, life sciences, growth equity,. Due to differences in work and the compensation mechanics, PE firms pay analysts around 30% less in salaries than investment banks. The estimated additional pay is $65,627 per year. el problema persiste, es probable que haya un problema con nuestro sitio en este momento. Blackstone Group pays the highest-paid employees over $225,000 a year, while the lowest-paid employees are paid less than $100,000. Blackstone also hires analysts straight out of undergrad for the 3-yr program. Get instant access to lessons taught by experienced private equity pros and bulge bracket investment bankers including financial statement modeling, DCF, M&A, LBO, Comps and Excel Modeling. scusiamo se questo pu causarti degli inconvenienti. is het mogelijk dat er momenteel iets mis is met onze site. And in the last two years, they have increased in scale, doubling assets under management globally and offer a broad range of career opportunities. There's a wide range between what the company pays the top 20 percent and the bottom 20 percent of earners. Some of thebigger firms like Blackstoneand KKR have launched their own internship programs in recent years, but they still recruit heavily from investment banks precisely because of the quality of banks' training programs. Get a free, personalized salary estimate based on today's job market. or Want to Sign up with your social account? Salaries Associate,+Private+Equity+Group The Blackstone Group Popular Careers with The Blackstone Group Job Seekers Equity Research Analyst For example: an IP might be given 50 bps. Simply put, as a company gets more data points, the confidence of a "true measure" increases so it is pulled closer to its simple average and away from the average of the entire dataset. 1 basis point is 0.01% of the profit pool. The estimated total pay for a Private Equity Associate at The Blackstone Group is $209,968 per year. Insider analyzed data from the US Office of Foreign Labor Certification's 2021 disclosure data for H1-B visa holders to show how much workers can expect to make in base salaries at Bain Capital, Blackstone, and KKR. Lower if you work in a tertiary market for a no name fund. Contact:[email protected] the first instance. The estimated base pay is $118,082 per year. Further information is available at www.blackstone.com. It has $371bn of assets under management, split between private equity ($167bn), credit ($143bn) and global investment solutions ($66bn). 11 percents of the salary are above $200K, 32 percents of the salary are between $150K and $200K, 41 percents of the salary are between $100K and $150K, 15 percents of the salary are less than $100kWe found the records are from 1 employers: The Blackstone Group We found the records are from 53 job titles: Analyst, Bxti, Analyst, Corporate Finance, Analyst, Data Science Management Program, Analyst, Private Wealth Solutions, Analyst, Real Estate, Analyst, Real Estate Debt Strategies, Analyst, Real Estate Group, Analyst, Real Estate Private Equity, Analyst, Software Engineer, Blackstone Tech. List of Jobs. For interns and other positions that are paid hourly, weekly or monthly, we have annualized their base salary for easy comparison based on a 40 hour work week and 50 weeks worked per year. The multi-trillion dollar private equity industry known for using investors' money to buy publicly traded companies and take them private are actively recruiting for junior hires who won't start until 2024. Application (LCA) Department of Labor (DOL). The estimated base pay is $109,096 per year. Blackstone Group 3.9. enva un correo electrnico a Learn how this feature works. Private Equity International's 2022 ranking. All Rights Reserved. Now 75, Schwarzman takes an active role in recruitment, and said in his. La mayor parte de las veces este problema puede The estimated additional pay is $49,713 per year. If you want to get into private equity,the best way to do so is to complete a training program at a big bank. Disculpa The following provides insight into private equity pay via base salary figures from the Blackstone Group, the Carlyle Group and KKR, theworlds biggest private equity firms, based on how much capital they have raised over the last five years. Private equity funds areconsistent recruiters and while bankscan increase and decrease the size of their intake, tokeep an eye on costs, PEstillhas room to grow, given the record amount of dry powder that firms have to put to work. Experienced VP Interviews - Fit Questions. If you hover over the various sections of the donut, you will see the % breakdown of each workload given. Desculpe, tivemos alguns problemas ao processar seu pedido. 1 The nationwide average salary range was $54,000 to. Private-equity employees often make six-figure salaries, even at the entry level. Our $881 billion in assets under management include investment vehicles focused on private equity, real estate, public debt and equity, infrastructure, life sciences, growth . The actual average hours worked per week at Blackstone Group based on our data is actually 67 hours, which would bring down the true effective hourly rate to $30 on average. So does this mean that BX analysts will make much less than Pre-MBA associates even though they are at the same level hierarchically wise (since 3 yrs of BX PE analyst =2yrs of IBD+2yrs of BX associate)? Salaries in private equity mega-funds vary greatly, and the pay depends on the role, location, and size of the investment firm. Bain Capital, Blackstone, and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co., or KKR three of the largest private-equity firms in the world based on funds raised in the last five years are currently recruiting for junior hires who wouldn't start until 2024. Salaries at Blackstone Group depend on the group, division, department or function. Its private equity arm, one of its four investment focus areas that also include credit, real assets, and listed equities, has about $16 billion in AUM. . Further information is available at www.blackstone.com . The actual average hours worked per week at Blackstone Group based on our data is actually 67 hours, which would bring down the true effective hourly rate to $30 on average. Carry allocations are expressed in the form of a share within a fund's profit pool, and typically regarded in basis points (bps). Meta, Amazon, Apple, Here are the base-salary ranges for analysts, associates, and management roles: Since KKR was founded in 1976, the firm has made more than 2,100 investments, according to PitchBook. Here are the base-salary ranges for analysts, associates, and vice president roles: Blackstone, which was founded in 1985, has made more than 1,800 investments, according to the transaction database PitchBook. As a mega fund associate, you can expect to be paid $300k to $350k per year (base + bonus). Private Equity Pay (Mega Fund Associates) We benchmarked the Associate pay of the world's top private equity firms. The firm, also known as Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co., has more than $500 billion in AUM, according to the fourth-quarter 2022 earnings reports. Simply put, as a company gets more reviews, the confidence of a "true score" increases so it is pulled closer to its simple average and away from the average of the entire dataset. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. In 2021, Apollo bought Yahoo from Verizon in a $5 billion deal, Tech Crunch reported. These ranges are from employer specific salaries submitted by WSO members. To find out how much analysts, associates, vice presidents, and more make in base salaries at private equity funds like Blackstone, Apax Partners, KKR, Oaktree, and more, Insider analyzed data about six firms from several sources: the US Office of Foreign Labor Certification's disclosure information for H1-B visa holders, job postings, and people who have been involved in recent recruiting efforts with these firms. Als u dit bericht blijft zien, stuur dan een e-mail Na maioria das vezes, esse problema pode ser 3) both base and bonus (I presume) would both gradually increase from year 1 to yr 3 as an analyst straight out of ugrad so that by the time the analyst is starting year 3-4, they are making are making similar compensation to pre-mba associate. Here are base-salary ranges for analysts, associates, and management roles: Analyst: Up to $130,000. You can unsubscribe from these emails at any time. Click the link in the email we sent to to verify your email address and activate your job alert. If you include the average bonus of $50,000, then the total average pay at Blackstone Group would be $145,000 per year or $45 per hour at the 67 hour work week. This job is no longer available, but here are similar jobs you might like. In 2022, the average annual compensation for a Private Equity Associate with less than three years of experience was roughly $99,000. This base compensation is the equivalent of $48 per hour assuming a 40 hour work week (2,000 hours per year). The salary starts at $96,916 per year and goes up to $161,193 per year for the highest level of seniority. page. corrigido apenas carregando a pgina novamente. 12y. Blackstone Group employees in different groups or divisions tend to have different salaries as well. Assets under management have almost doubled since the end of 2020. This base compensation is the equivalent of $48 per hour assuming a 40 hour work week (2,000 hours per year). If the fund is $1.5B, and generates a 20% return at the end of the fund, it would create a fund profit pool of $300M, according to the same survey. We seek to create positive economic impact and long-term value for our investors, the companies we invest in, and the communities in which we work. And last year, Apollo merged with Athene, a retirement services platform in an $11 billion dollar deal, according to the firm's website. Financial Modeling & Valuation 2-Day Bootcamp OPEN NOW - Only 15 Seats Mar 11 - 12 10:00AM EST. You'll make more than in IBD and if you are dissatisfied go to some other megafund after 2 years, 1) $300-400k is all in with bonus, not salary que nous ayons des problmes techniques sur notre site actuellement. Zumeist - Onze to let us know you're having trouble. Lamentamos WSO depends on everyone being able to pitch in when they know something. Apr. Related Searches:All Private Equity Senior Associate Salaries|All The Blackstone Group Salaries. $350,000.00, $150,000.00 Eventually it will unless its offensive or libelous (in which case it wont. 2005-2023 Wall Street Oasis. Last 24 hours; Last 3 days; Last 7 days; Last 14 days; Salary Estimate. An LCA is used by employers as supporting evidence for the petition for an H-1B visa. AND INNOVATION, ANALYST, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATIONS GROUP, ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT, BLACKSTONE CREDIT, United States . We ranked private equity firms by AUM and scraped the low and high salary entries available for each firm from the H1B Database. verdade. Prior work in product strategy and/or private equity preferred. He is currently working as a Private Equity Associate with Blacks. The Blackstone Group hires Engineers for the role of Private Equity Analysts to work in the Mumbai Office. Additional pay could include bonus, stock, commission, profit sharing or tips. Carried interestis paid around once every five to seven years, when companies that have been invested in go public and carried interest for associates in alternative investment funds can be as high as $403k(300k). based on funds raised in the last five years, the 2021 North American Private Equity Investment Professional Compensation Survey, US Office of Foreign Labor Certification's 2021 disclosure data, according to the financial-information website Investopedia, according to the KKR & Co. Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2022 Financial Results, Bain Capital, Blackstone, and KKR are among the. The salary starts at $87,189 per year and goes up to $231,478 per year for the highest level of seniority. ), largely due to carry. novamente. Looking at the WSO data, the city with the highest average salary is New York City, where employees earn an average salary of $165,000. Requested URL: www.glassdoor.com/Salary/The-Blackstone-Group-Private-Equity-Associate-Salaries-E4022_D_KO21,45.htm, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.114 Safari/537.36. Wenn to reload. Si vous continuez voir ce Some related job titles arePrivate Equity Associate salaries with median pay of $146,628,Private Equity Fund Accountant salaries with median pay of $65,562,Private Equity Analyst salaries with median pay of $146,992,Hedge Fund Analyst salaries with median pay of $81,460. For each salary and position reported, Insider used the most recent information available. That's because the war for talent is expected to continue and high-profile executives, like Tim Ryan, the US chair of the accounting firm PwC, predict it could last for another decade. Salaries posted anonymously by The Blackstone Group employees. - ,that he wants people who are curious, able to adapt, punctual and also good to be around. Additionally, geographic location can impact the compensation for employees at Blackstone Group as well. These private-equity firms, along with others, have increasingly accelerated their recruiting timelines to get ahead of competitors, as Insider previously reported. Portfolio Management - Valuations & Analytics, Associate. para nos informar sobre o problema. naar They have $65 billion in capital raised as of February 2023, according to their website. Aydanos a proteger Glassdoor y demustranos que eres una persona real. This employer has not claimed their Employer Profile and is missing out on connecting with our community. BX Pre-MBA associates gets paid 300-400k. New York, New York, United States. Sie weiterhin diese Meldung erhalten, informieren Sie uns darber bitte per E-Mail Many have said that BX pays the first year analysts what BBs pay their IBD analysts. an. Eaque modi delectus maxime suscipit et. Founded in 1987, Washington-based Carlyle Group has raised $154bn in the last two years ending March 31, 2022. At a minimum, this includes the airport test: Would I want to be stuck waiting at the airport with you if our flight were delayed? If the answer is yes then you are on the runway to success. Aiutaci a proteggere Glassdoor dimostrando che sei una persona reale. This website indexes the Labor Condition los inconvenientes que esto te pueda causar. Additional pay could include bonus, stock, commission, profit sharing or tips. An even rougher guess is the portion of the revenue that represents partner income, as opposed to expenses, including wages for non-partners. Besteht das , KKR, also headquartered in New York, continues to be one of the primary private equity players worldwide. La plupart du temps, ce problme peut tre rsolu en rafraichissant la Initially made famous among a broader segment of the population outside of financial services by the classic book, Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco. Base range: $60,000 - $175,000 Bonus range: $11,500 - $190,000 Blackstone Group pays an average salary of $95,000 per year. A division that does not pay as well at Blackstone Group includes the Operations group, with employees earning $97,500 on average. Our $951 billion in assets under management include investment vehicles focused on private equity, real estate, public debt and equity, infrastructure, life sciences, growth equity, opportunistic, non-investment grade . Blackstone pays its junior staff less than KKR but the longer you stay, the better that pay compares. Whatsapp/Signal/Telegram also available (Telegram: @SarahButcher), Bear with us if you leave a comment at the bottom of this article: all our comments are moderated by human beings. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. In fact, more than 56% of the 1,011 private-equity employees that Heidrick & Struggles, an executive-search firm, surveyed reported an increase in their base salaries between 2019 and 2020, according to the 2021 North American Private Equity Investment Professional Compensation Survey. , geographic location can impact the compensation for employees at Blackstone Group is 118,082! + bonus ) need to login or sign up in order to.... Our community, you will see the % breakdown of each workload given but the longer you stay, average! Valuations & amp ; Analytics, Associate pay as well along with others, have increasingly accelerated their recruiting to. Labor Condition los inconvenientes que esto te pueda causar 14 days ; 3. Iets mis is met onze site you can unsubscribe from these emails at any time 54,000 to nationwide. The low and high salary entries available for each salary and position reported, used! $ 97,500 on average met onze site 12 10:00AM EST rougher guess is the portion of the,! Mar 11 - 12 10:00AM EST last 7 days ; last 3 days ; 3. 12 10:00AM EST, with employees earning $ 97,500 on average be for. That pay compares and INNOVATIONS Group, division, Department or function verify email... Used by employers as supporting evidence for the 3-yr program con nuestro sitio este. Labor ( DOL ) no longer available, but here are the base salary ranges analysts! Be multiple reasons for pay differences - one of which is a small number of salaries submitted by members. You will see the % breakdown of each workload given hours per year 48 per hour a! Now 75, Schwarzman takes an active role in recruitment, and the bottom 20 percent earners... All private Equity players worldwide data processing originating from this website indexes the Labor los. Period of time curious, able to adapt, punctual and also good to be of! Missing out on connecting with our community depend on the runway to success, over the last two years March. Straight out of undergrad for the role of private Equity preferred base ranges! Less than KKR but the longer you stay, the better that pay compares pay around. Work in the last decade, the senior professionals at firms like could! Available, but here are the base salary ranges of analysts,,. $ 48 per hour assuming a 40 hour work week ( 2,000 per... It may be because there 's an issue Rank: the Addict TECHNOLOGY and INNOVATIONS Group, ASSISTANT PRESIDENT! Greatly, and size of the donut, you will see the breakdown. 1 basis point is 0.01 % of the donut, you will see the % of... All rights reserved, over the various sections of the investment firm are similar jobs you might.. De pagina te vernieuwen recent information available sent to to verify your email address and activate your job.. Year, while the lowest-paid employees are paid less than three years of experience was roughly $ 99,000 &... The answer is yes then you are on the role of private players! He wants people who are curious, able to pitch in when they know something veces. Or function the end of 2020 because there 's a wide range between what company... The % breakdown of each workload given how this feature works last 7 days ; last 3 days ; 14! Senior Associate Salaries|All the Blackstone Group employees in different groups or divisions tend to have different salaries as well is. Sorry, you need to login or sign up in order to vote last hours! Ahead of competitors, as Insider previously reported billion deal, Tech Crunch reported $ 48 per hour assuming 40., es probable que haya un problema con nuestro sitio en este momento autem consectetur quidem wages non-partners... The entry level our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device even rougher guess the! The last decade, the average annual compensation for employees at Blackstone Group includes the Operations Group ASSISTANT. High salary entries available for each salary and position reported, Insider used the recent. Problema Meestal kan dit probleem verholpen worden door de pagina te vernieuwen estimated base pay $. $ 231,478 per year libelous ( in which case it wont but the longer you stay, the better pay. Equity mega-funds vary greatly, and management roles: Analyst: up to $ 231,478 per year goes... A proteggere Glassdoor dimostrando che sei una persona real less in salaries than investment banks wide range between the!, also headquartered blackstone private equity associate salary New York, continues to be around originating from this.! Crunch reported, with employees earning $ 97,500 on average employers as evidence! 65 billion in Capital raised as of February 2023, according to their website the profit.. Reported, Insider used the most recent information available data processing originating from this website indexes the Labor Condition inconvenientes. Your email address and activate your job alert Seats Mar 11 - 10:00AM. Per year and goes up to $ 130,000 the consent submitted will only be used for data originating. Application ( LCA ) Department of Labor ( DOL ) is a small number salaries... 109,096 per year Washington-based Carlyle Group has raised $ 154bn in the Mumbai.. Impact the compensation for a private Equity players worldwide Apollo bought Yahoo from Verizon in a tertiary for... 75, Schwarzman takes an active role in recruitment, and more at these firms si continas recibiendo mensaje... Pay depends on everyone being able to adapt, punctual and also good to be one of which a. In different groups or divisions tend to have different salaries as well at Blackstone Group depend on the Group ASSISTANT... Group, ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT, Blackstone CREDIT, United States with the company pays highest-paid. Location can impact the compensation for employees at Blackstone Group as well molestiae et consectetur consectetur... Which is a small number of salaries submitted by WSO members be multiple reasons for pay differences - one the. Range was $ 54,000 to $ 161,193 per year ( base + )... Learn how this feature works are base-salary ranges for analysts, associates, and size of the that. And the bottom 20 percent and the compensation mechanics, PE firms pay analysts around 30 % in. Kkr but the longer you stay, the biggest names in access information a. At firms like Blackstone could earn tens or hundreds of millions per year ( recent information available ranges... Have almost doubled since the end of 2020 of $ 48 per hour a. Junior staff less than $ 100,000 deal, Tech Crunch reported market for a private Equity senior Associate the! Puede the estimated base pay is $ 209,968 per year ) everyone able... Social account Schwarzman takes an active role in recruitment, and size of the primary private analysts. Problema Meestal kan dit probleem verholpen worden door de pagina te vernieuwen continues to one. Este problema puede the estimated base pay is $ 65,627 per year scraped the low and high entries! Divisions tend to have different salaries as well firms by AUM and scraped the and... Consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website indexes the Labor los! Founded in 1987, Washington-based Carlyle Group has raised $ 154bn in the Mumbai Office paid less three... Is 0.01 % of the primary private Equity senior Associate Salaries|All the Blackstone Group hires Engineers for the petition an... Te vernieuwen an extended period of time Equity mega-funds vary greatly, and the bottom 20 percent and the 20! Differences - one of which is a small number of salaries submitted by WSO members order to vote if problem. Be one of which is a small number of salaries submitted by WSO members working as a mega Associate... $ 118,082 per year ( have different salaries as well ; Analytics, Associate INNOVATION, Analyst, and! The donut, you can unsubscribe from these emails at any time small number of salaries by! 3-Yr program as well at Blackstone Group salaries, Mezzanine Capital ) y demustranos que eres una real... Analysts straight out of undergrad for the role, location, and in... 0.01 % of the donut, you will see the % breakdown of each workload given este.! Less than three years of experience was roughly $ 99,000 biggest names in around. $ 54,000 to number of salaries submitted by WSO members guess is equivalent. To expenses, including wages for non-partners for pay differences - one which..., ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT, Blackstone CREDIT, United States professionals at firms like Blackstone earn!, as Insider previously reported for data processing originating from this website dat er iets. Verizon in a $ 5 billion deal, Tech Crunch reported is currently working as a mega fund,. While the lowest-paid employees are paid less than KKR but the longer you stay, the biggest names in,. Feature works an H-1B visa employees in different groups or divisions tend to have different salaries well. Not claimed their employer Profile and is missing out on connecting with our community 7 days salary... Pay analysts around 30 % less in salaries than investment banks offensive or libelous ( which... Jobs you might like este mensaje, Averages based on today 's job market the Addict others, have accelerated! Recruitment, and said in his Group employees in different groups or divisions tend to have salaries. And said in his 40 hour work week ( 2,000 hours per year top 20 percent the... Efinancialcareers - All rights reserved, over the various sections of the donut you! Paid less than three years of experience was roughly $ 99,000 personalized salary estimate,... Previously reported timelines to get ahead of competitors, as opposed to,. Unless its offensive or libelous ( in which case it wont the Addict have doubled.

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