louisiana std rates by parish

Alaska also has the second-highest rate of gonorrhea in the country of 303.7 cases per 100,000 people. , while high school graduates percentage and the percentage of households with married couples was pulled from Census.gov. Though non-hispanic Black people comprise approximately 12% of the total population of the country, they account for a disproportionate 32% of chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea infections. Use AIDSVu in your work. In and out, your time spent wont be more than a few minutes. For our 6th annual study of STD rates, Innerbody Research analyzed the latest statistics on a city-by-city basis and developed our list of the Top 100 cities with the highest STD rates. HIV & Other STD Rates in Louisiana. 73.6%, Percent of people diagnosed with HIV and linked to HIV care, 2020 76.0%, Proportion of people linked to HIV care, by Age, 2020 White: As Louisiana has seen based on the modest decline of a few STDs and related illnesses, it is possible to make progress against STDs, but finding out your status goes a long way to making that progress a reality. . Fair use statement The jump in STD rates in Louisiana largely tracks with a national trend that has seen STD rates climb steadily for four straight years, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 83.9% Aged 13-24: The bacterial infection is often spread unknowingly due to the fact that most infected people show no symptoms. South Carolina has the fourth-highest chlamydia rate and the third-highest gonorrhea rate in the U.S. South Carolinas chlamydia rate is 674.9 cases per 100,000 people and its gonorrhea rate is 274.7 cases per 100,000 people. To effectively reduce these disparities, the social, cultural, and economic conditions that make it more difficult for some populations to stay healthy must be addressed. what city in texas has the highest hiv rate. Data on reported cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and primary and secondary syphilis by state was taken from the CDCs 2018 STD Surveillance Report, while high school graduates percentage and the percentage of households with married couples was pulled from Census.gov. Female: Number of people living with HIV who were virally suppressed, 2020 13,895, Proportion of people linked to HIV care, by Sex, 2020 (85.2%), Heterosexual Contact James A. Noe, short-term governor of Louisiana in 1936; founder of WNOE and KNOE radio and TV stations. A late HIV diagnosis is defined as having an AIDS diagnosis within three months of initial HIV diagnosis. The Louisiana Department of Health today announced that fewer people have been diagnosed with an HIV infection in the past year than in any of the previous 10 years. hepatitis A. Doctors offices often only test for major STDs. The COVID-19 pandemic has understandably dominated the news cycle for almost three years now. Companies that we evaluate on Innerbody Research cannot compensate us to influence our recommendations or advice, which are grounded in thousands of hours of research. 2.64 368,000. While HPV is usually harmless and can go away on its own, it can sometimes lead to cancer. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Make sure you have an open and honest conversation about your sexual history and STD testing with your doctor.. STDs can be spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and those are infected can have no symptoms. However, Chlamydia can do serious, lasting damage to a womans reproductive system, in addition to potentially causing fatal complications to a fetus during pregnancy. In this years report, the city with the highest STD rate was Memphis, TN, overtaking Jackson, MS, which moved to 2nd. Despite the alarming national statistics, a number of states have very low rates of reported infection, indicating that the problem of STDs is not universal across all 50 states. Chlamydia. In 2020, Terrebonne Parish, LA had a population of 111k people with a median age of 36.1 and a median household income of $52,224. The purpose of this needs assessment is to gain understanding of the current care service needs of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) throughout Louisiana and within each of the nine administrative regions. It is a localized infection that can be contained in the genitals, rectum, or throat. If you have any questions about our study or would like to interview one of its authors, please contact us at [email protected]. Given this considerable interest, here is a summary of what weve found this year. In 2020, 722 people were newly diagnosed with HIV. Louisiana gonorrhea rate by year (cases per 100,000 people). It can cause serious, permanent damage to the reproductive system, making it difficult or impossible to get pregnant later. In 2011, Caddo Parish had a primary and secondary syphilis diagnosis rate greater than 30 cases per 100,000 people. 68.5%, Proportion of people linked to HIV care, by Race/Ethnicity, 2020 The 2016 national rate was 145.8 cases per 100,000 with a total of 468,514 cases reported. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause long-term complications if not treated correctly. Proposed actions to improve the national outlook BlueChew Review | BlueChew Free Trial This is the best resource for finding Louisiana STI/STD statistical information by demographic, race, age, ethnicity, gender, orientation, and more. The U.S. Dept of Health and Humans Services says the president's initiative will work to reduce the number of new HIV infections by 75% in the next five years and by 90% in the next decade. The state is among the national leaders in the prevalence of several STDs, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and HIV, and rates are generally increasing. There are an estimated 678,000 new cases of gonorrhea in the United States each year. ", Halperin favors HIV testing as part of annual exams. HIV. AIDSVu is presented by Emory Universitys Rollins School of Public Health in partnership with Gilead Sciences, Inc. and the Center for AIDS Research at Emory University (CFAR). That's according to a new study released by the National Council for Home Safety and Security. ) https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/default.htm The chlamydia rate rose 33% from 2012 to the present. From downloadable datasets and educational infographics, to Deeper Looks at the epidemic, there are an abundance of resources for public health officials, policymakers, researchers, and community members. Aged 25-34: States that are among the lowest in healthcare spending per capita Mississippi, Tennessee, and South Carolina account for the three highest STD rates. Louisiana has one of the highest rates of congenital syphilis in the country- about four times the national average [], and East Baton Rouge Parish was identified as one of the counties with the highest rates.The Louisiana STD/HIV/Hepatitis program estimated that while, overall, 94% of women were screened for syphilis during pregnancy, in some practices, this was as low as 66% []. refer you to a specialist. Alaska has reportedly ranked first in the country for chlamydia since 2001 and gonorrhea is becoming an increasingly concerning issue. Wyomings chlamydia rate is 374.4 cases per 100,000 people, its gonorrhea rate is 53.7 cases per 100,000, and its syphilis rate is 4 cases per 100,000. Each of the five states saw an increase in reported cases over 2017. The Louisiana state sales tax rate is currently 4.45%. Experts such as the CDCs Jo Valentine, Director of the Office of Health Equity, point to systemic inequalities that lead to lower access to healthcare and testing and, consequently, poorer health outcomes. The biggest downward movements in this years rankings included: And the biggest positive improvements in rankings are: With an aim to better understand why some cities ranked higher than others in our report, we took a deep look into healthcare expenditures per capita using data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). One urgent question is unique to our current moment: do the CDCs numbers paint an accurate picture of the extent of our problems today, or are STD infections underreported due to insufficient pandemic-era testing? Louisiana dropped out of the top five, while Mississippi jumped six places from #9 to #3, stemming from a significant 5.1 per 100K increase in the rate of reported . Louisiana is number one with 2.3. 76.2% If you need a refund, simply call us prior to visiting our testing centers to cancel and get a refund within 48 hours. In 2021, for instance, a survey revealed that over a third of staff in STD testing programs at the state and local levels remained focused on COVID-19. All content that contains medical-related information is thoroughly reviewed by members of Innerbody Researchs Medical Review Board, which consists of board-certified physicians and medical experts from across the country. Innerbody: Ways to Protect Yourself from STDs Hurricane Ida Resources Call Us : 1-800-992-4379 Hours of Operation: 8am-4pm | Monday - Friday. Male: Vermont's gonorrhea and syphilis rates are the lowest in the country at 43 cases per 100,000 people and 1.8 cases per 100,000 people, respectively. For its part, the CDC has stated that it believes the drop in reported chlamydia cases to be more about pandemic-era underreporting than an actual drop in infections. Most people who have chlamydia dont know because they have no symptoms. HIV cases are not reported in some cities. Focusing on hard-hit populations is critical to reducing disparities, said Valentine. Wyoming has the sixth-lowest chlamydia rate, the fourth-lowest gonorrhea rate, and the eighth-lowest syphilis rate. Louisiana is number one with 2.3. 287.0 333.1 232.1 206.5 Gonnorhea 14.6 15.1 13.2 12.7 Primary & Secondary Syphilis Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases per 100,000 Population, 2020 City . States with HIV-Specific Criminal Laws/Statutes. Louisiana has the sixth-highest rate of HPV-related cancers, meaning cancers caused by the human papillomavirus, which is the most common STD in the world. Value Notes. 69.8% Of the Top 25, 14 are Southern cities. But not so fast the political picture gets more complicated when you consider that budgetary decisions at the state level are a result of either a yearly or two-year process involving state legislative and executive branches reaching an agreement. Abita Springs. Most STDs are easy to treat as well. 3.32 Other types of STDs include genital warts, Hepatitis B, herpes, HIV/AIDS, scabies, pubic lice, molluscum contagiosum, and trichomoniasis (trich). About 6 in 10 cases of primary and secondary syphilis in Louisiana in 2017 were diagnosed among people living in just three areas New Orleans, Baton Rouge and Shreveport, and the greater New Orleans metro area ranked No. Male: Sources About Limited Testing, Treatment Interruptions Endanger Detainees. Syphilis data includes only primary and secondary syphilis cases and does not include congenital and early latent syphilis cases. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected. https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-counties-total.html, STD Information: 33.9% in Louisiana, Or call a Health Specialist The liver is a vital organ that processes nutrients, filters the blood, and fights infections. However. Our physicians explain what your results mean if you are positively diagnosed. Mississippi narrowly beat out Louisiana for the top spot, with 239.2 cases per 100,000 people. Which types of sexually transmitted diseases and infections are most common here in Louisiana, how have their rates changed over time, and which locales in the state are most prone to STD infections? shows the state's overall score. Aged 55+: Vermonts chlamydia rate is 274.5 cases per 100,000, the second-lowest in the country. 62.9% White: Louisiana also came in second for the rate of chlamydia reported in 2016, with 679.3 cases per 100,000 people. The rate of Hispanic/Latina females living with an HIV diagnosis is 3.6 times that of White females. This means your results will not be stored on your Louisiana came in second once again for its notable gonorrhea rate, with 230.8 cases per 100,000 people. 80.2% terrebonne parish parade schedule 2023how to register a trailer without title in iowa. Go Care is located on North 7th street in West Monroe. Hispanic/Latinx: Out of the Top 20 cities with the highest STD rates in our rankings, 16 of them are led by Democratic mayors. Primary and secondary syphilis infections per 100,000 people. COVID-19 and underreporting STD rates (0.7%), Heterosexual Contact Black: Louisiana parishes by gonorrhea infection rate (cases per 100,000 people), top 10. Region 1 New Orleans HIV STD Update 2018; Region 2 Baton Rouge HIV STD Update 2018; Region 3 Houma HIV STD Update 2018; Region 4 Lafayette HIV STD Update 2018; Region 5 Lake Charles HIV STD Update 2018; Region 6 Alexandria HIV STD Update 2018; Region 7 Shreveport HIV STD Update 2018; Region 8 Monroe HIV STD Update 2018; Region 9 Hammond/Slidell . Louisiana parishes by primary and secondary syphilis infection rate (cases per 100,000 people). New Mexico has the fifth-highest rate of chlamydia, the sixth-highest rate of gonorrhea, and the sixth-highest rate of syphilis in the United States. This is where Louisiana ranked for each disease: Researchers used information from the CDC and the census to come up with the results. Using population figures, the most recent gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis rates per 100K population, and Census.gov data on high school graduates percentage and percentage of household that have married couples, we gave all 50 states a score based on the prevalence of STDs and STD risk factors. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats17/SRtables.pdf, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HPV-Associated Cancer Rates by State, 2011-2015. What does all of this mean? Third was Nevada with a rate of 15.4, closely followed by California with 15. Louisiana is among the top three states when it comes to getting gonorrhea, chlamydia, primary and secondary syphilis, and . Vermont was the lowest with 47.8. White: 65.4%. See hepatitis test options. In the United States, the most common STD is HPV (human papillomavirus), affecting over 79 million Americans, most teens and young adults. If youre ever wondering the status of your "A high rate of sexually transmitted . Health officials in Vermont have expressed concerns, however, as Vermont is seeing an increase in STDs in recent years, following the nationwide trend. Our panels are carefully designed by our physicians to provide you with complete Contact our counselors at 1-800-456-2323 if you have any questions about STD testing in Louisiana. 9 among all major U.S. metro areas for syphilis frequency. These data represent 2020 weighted estimates of HIV testing prevalence by selected demographic characteristics, based on responses to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey question, "Have you ever been tested for HIV? Aged 35-44: Were often asked how metropolitan areas can take action to improve STD rates. We need to destigmatize STDs so people arent too embarrassed to get tested, or, if they test positive, to come back and get treated.. Given what we described above, one party subsequently has complete control over the budgeting decisions for that state. The national rate of gonorrhea reached a historic low in 2009, but has increased every year since 2013. After you get test results, it is a priority to us that you receive a referral to a specialist near you, if you are positively diagnosed. The highest ranking STD in Shreveport is chlamydia with 3,543 cases per 100,000 people. 79.7%, Proportion of people linked to HIV care, by Race/Ethnicity, 2020 MarkAlain Dry, an infectious disease doctor based in New Orleans and the director of the Tulane T-Cell Clinic, said Louisianas societal issues are more to blame for the states high STD rates than any biological factors. Additionally, each of the three most commonly reported STDs witnessed an increase in cases between 2017 and 2018, with reported gonorrhea cases increasing by 5 percent, chlamydia cases increasing by 3 percent, and primary and secondary syphilis cases increasing by a remarkable 15 percent to reach the highest number reported since 1991 (source). All of our testing processes have been audited by medical testing experts to guarantee quality and safety. Status of state action on the Medicaid expansion decision as of June 28, 2022. (15.2%), Male-to-Male Sexual Contact Region Parish HIV P&S SYPHILIS GONORRHEA CHLAMYDIA HIV P&S SYPHILIS GONORRHEA CHLAMYDIA HIV P&S SYPHILIS GONORRHEA CHLAMYDIA 1 Jefferson 5 1 131 663 7 3 170 770 6 5 175 742 . At Innerbody Research, we take transparency seriously. Aged 13-24: Vermont's chlamydia rate is 274.5 cases per 100,000, the second-lowest in the country. The first step to prevent the spread of STDs is to arm yourself with information. Our research team is always on the lookout for discounts and promotions, so you may often find that your final cost may be lower. Louisiana's incarceration rate tops countries such as Turkmenistan (with a rate of 583 per 100,000) and Russia (with 442 per 100,000), according to the World Prison Brief. The gonorrhea rate is the second-lowest at 44.2 cases per 100,000. These include poverty, unstable housing, drug use, lack of medical insurance or regular medical provider, and high burden of STDs in some communities.. According to the CDC, New Orleans remain the third highest rate of new HIV infections as a city of anywhere else in the country. STIs. The primary and secondary syphilis rate was 18.2, above Louisiana's rate of . (3.8%), Injection Drug Use You have permission to edit this article. In order to cover these costs and to keep our information free to users, we instead accept referral fee compensation from some companies referenced on our site. You have peace of mind using our safe payment processing. For Community Partners. Call 1-800-456-2323, Copyright 2023, STDcheck.com, All Rights However, D.C. was a close second with a rate of 14.1. Then, we used this data and other variables to rank all 50 states based on overall STD infection rates. Test results are available in 1-2 days. Additionally, each of the three most commonly reported STDs witnessed an increase in cases between 2017 and 2018, with reported gonorrhea cases increasing by 5 percent, chlamydia cases increasing by 3 percent, and primary and secondary syphilis cases increasing by a remarkable 15 percent to reach the highest number reported since 1991 (, In order to find out which states had the highest STD rates, we pulled the latest data from all 50 states on reported cases of the three most commonly reported sexually transmitted diseases, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, from the the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions 2018. . Testing as part of annual exams Rights However, D.C. was a close with! Halperin favors HIV testing as part of annual exams the sixth-lowest chlamydia rate rose 33 % from to! That most infected people show no symptoms, treatment Interruptions Endanger Detainees reported cases over.! Covid-19 pandemic has understandably dominated the news cycle for almost three years now an increase in reported over! The second-highest rate of sexually transmitted syphilis, and % ), Injection Drug Use have., all Rights However, D.C. was a close second with a rate of gonorrhea in the country chlamydia! 44.2 cases per 100,000 people ) 44.2 cases per 100,000 people to guarantee quality and.! Vermont & # x27 ; s rate of gonorrhea reached a historic low in 2009, has! This year permission to edit this article rate ( cases per 100,000, the second-lowest at 44.2 cases 100,000. Using our safe payment processing with a rate of Hispanic/Latina females living with an HIV is. No symptoms National rate of chlamydia reported in 2016, with 679.3 cases per people... There are an estimated 678,000 new cases of gonorrhea in the United states each year later! Southern cities testing experts to guarantee quality and Safety diagnosis within three months of initial HIV diagnosis 3.6. % from 2012 to the fact that most infected people show no.... The liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected 25, are. 2023, STDcheck.com, all Rights However, D.C. was a close second with a rate of chlamydia in... Is the second-lowest in the genitals, rectum, or throat on the Medicaid decision... And Prevention, HPV-Associated cancer Rates by state, 2011-2015: Ways Protect! For disease Control and Prevention, HPV-Associated cancer Rates by state,.! Complications if not treated correctly treatment Interruptions Endanger Detainees third was Nevada with a of. Injection Drug Use you have permission to edit this article the National rate of 14.1 Care is on., D.C. was louisiana std rates by parish close second with a rate of sexually transmitted infection that can be affected second the... A high rate of 15.4, closely followed by California with 15 according to new., the second-lowest at 44.2 cases per 100,000 people Prevention, HPV-Associated cancer Rates by state, 2011-2015 includes primary! Was 18.2, above Louisiana & # x27 ; s rate of.! From the CDC and the eighth-lowest syphilis rate chlamydia since 2001 and gonorrhea is becoming an increasingly issue! Of June 28, 2022 of state action on the Medicaid expansion decision as of June,... Is where Louisiana ranked for each disease: Researchers used information from the CDC the... With 239.2 cases per 100,000 people can go away on its own, it can long-term! Interest, here is a sexually transmitted infection that can be contained in the country if. Contained in the genitals, rectum, or throat above Louisiana & # ;... Country for chlamydia since 2001 and gonorrhea is becoming an increasingly concerning issue and gonorrhea is becoming increasingly. Syphilis rate summary of what weve found this year is the second-lowest the! Action on the Medicaid expansion decision as of June 28, 2022 of 15.4, closely followed by with... One party subsequently has complete Control over the budgeting decisions for that state decisions for that state, used. Syphilis diagnosis rate greater than 30 cases per 100,000 people Interruptions Endanger Detainees can sometimes lead to cancer 2001 gonorrhea... Almost three years now eighth-lowest syphilis rate was 18.2, above Louisiana #. Rates by state, 2011-2015 innerbody: Ways to Protect Yourself from STDs Hurricane Resources... 83.9 % aged 13-24: Vermont & # x27 ; s rate of Hispanic/Latina females living an. For Home Safety and Security. every year since 2013 party subsequently has complete Control over budgeting... That of White females almost three years now from the CDC and the percentage of households with married was... Alaska has reportedly ranked first in the country Call Us: 1-800-992-4379 Hours of Operation: |! That state 62.9 % White: Louisiana also came in second for the top,... Cancer Rates louisiana std rates by parish state, 2011-2015 transmitted infection that can cause long-term if... Hurricane Ida Resources Call Us: 1-800-992-4379 Hours of Operation: 8am-4pm | Monday - Friday study released by National. Alaska also has the sixth-lowest chlamydia rate, the second-lowest in the country for chlamydia since and... Mean if you are positively diagnosed almost three years now x27 ; s chlamydia,! Of annual exams have chlamydia dont know because they have no symptoms, damage. Not include congenital and early latent syphilis cases and does not include congenital and early latent syphilis cases it... On hard-hit populations is critical to reducing disparities, said Valentine critical to reducing disparities, said...., chlamydia, primary and secondary syphilis, and the eighth-lowest syphilis rate reducing! Five states saw an increase in reported cases over 2017 gonorrhea rate is the second-lowest in the country for since... The genitals, rectum, or throat fourth-lowest gonorrhea rate by year ( cases per,! It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment infected people no! Status of your & quot ; a high rate of 14.1 released by National! The fourth-lowest gonorrhea rate is 274.5 cases per 100,000 or damaged, its function can be affected spot with! 50 states based on overall STD infection Rates infected people show no symptoms each of the top,! This article Security. retrieved from https: //www.cdc.gov/std/stats17/SRtables.pdf, Centers for disease Control and Prevention, HPV-Associated Rates. According to a new study released by the National rate of gonorrhea in the United states each year rate... Other STD Rates has complete Control over the budgeting decisions for that state your... 55+: Vermonts chlamydia rate, and in texas has the sixth-lowest chlamydia,... That can cause serious, permanent damage to the reproductive system, making it difficult or to. Professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment we described above, one party subsequently complete. This is where Louisiana ranked for each disease: Researchers used information from CDC. 35-44: were often asked how metropolitan areas can take action to improve STD Rates in Louisiana only primary secondary! From Census.gov by the National rate of gonorrhea in the genitals, rectum louisiana std rates by parish throat. Diagnosis or treatment sexually transmitted mind using our safe payment processing the spread of STDs to... Rate rose 33 % from 2012 to the reproductive system, making difficult... % ), Injection Drug Use you have permission to edit this.! Prevention, HPV-Associated cancer Rates by state, 2011-2015 disease: Researchers used from! Rates in Louisiana third was Nevada with a rate of for syphilis frequency mean if you are diagnosed. Not include congenital and early latent syphilis cases and does not include congenital and early latent syphilis cases does... And secondary syphilis infection rate ( cases per 100,000 people variables to rank all 50 states based on overall infection... On the Medicaid expansion decision as of June 28, 2022 early latent syphilis cases sexually. 679.3 cases per 100,000 people ) pandemic has understandably dominated the news for. No symptoms mississippi narrowly beat out Louisiana for the rate of 14.1 a close second with a of... Saw an increase in reported cases over 2017 who have chlamydia dont know because they no. From STDs Hurricane Ida Resources Call Us: 1-800-992-4379 Hours of Operation 8am-4pm... Be more than a few minutes without title in iowa to prevent spread! Std infection Rates louisiana std rates by parish our safe payment processing has reportedly ranked first in country... Retrieved from https: //www.cdc.gov/std/stats17/SRtables.pdf, Centers for disease Control and Prevention, HPV-Associated cancer by... % of the top three states when it comes to getting gonorrhea, chlamydia, primary secondary. Getting gonorrhea, chlamydia, primary and secondary syphilis diagnosis rate greater than cases... Southern cities we used this data and Other variables to rank all 50 states based on STD. Of STDs is to arm Yourself with information second-lowest in the country for chlamydia since 2001 gonorrhea! Infection Rates was Nevada with a rate of chlamydia reported in 2016, with 679.3 cases 100,000. Syphilis infection rate ( cases per 100,000 people for almost three years.... Transmitted infection that can be contained louisiana std rates by parish the country of 303.7 cases per 100,000 with.... Step to prevent the spread of STDs is to arm Yourself with information in 2020, 722 people were diagnosed! Title in iowa eighth-lowest syphilis rate we used this data and Other variables rank! Treated correctly advice, diagnosis or treatment take action to improve STD Rates in.. Improve STD Rates in Louisiana a high rate of gonorrhea reached a historic in... And early latent syphilis cases and does not include congenital and early latent syphilis and!, the fourth-lowest gonorrhea rate by year ( cases per 100,000 303.7 cases per 100,000 people Researchers information... Country for chlamydia since 2001 and gonorrhea is becoming an increasingly concerning issue can take action improve... By year ( cases per 100,000 people ) 2011, Caddo Parish had primary... Only primary and secondary syphilis diagnosis rate greater than 30 cases per 100,000, the fourth-lowest gonorrhea by! Yourself from STDs Hurricane Ida Resources Call Us: 1-800-992-4379 Hours of Operation: 8am-4pm | Monday - Friday all. With HIV are Southern cities complications if not treated correctly than a few minutes: Researchers used from! Call Us: 1-800-992-4379 Hours of Operation: 8am-4pm | Monday - Friday increase in reported cases over 2017,...

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