what are the key towns of the river trent

[94], The arrival of the railways resulted in significant change for the company. [87], The fifth largest flood recorded at Nottingham occurred in November 2000, with widespread flooding of low-lying land along the Trent valley, including many roads and railways. The work was completed by September 1787, and dividends of 5 per cent were paid on the capital during 1786 and 1787, increasing to 7 per cent, the maximum allowed by the Act, after that. A huge half-moon, a monstrous cantle out. For example, the administration of royal forests was subject to a different justice in eyre north and south of the river, and the jurisdiction of the medieval Council of the North started at the Trent. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Trent&oldid=1132366164, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 14:59. Over the study period the returns revealed that there was a variation in the species caught, with a shift from roach and dace based catches, to one of chub and bream, a change that was perceived by anglers to represent a serious detriment to the fishery. Though the river is no doubt legally still navigable above Shardlow, it is probable that the agreement marks the end of the use of that stretch of the river as a commercial navigation. [81], The principal flood of the 19th century and the second largest recorded, was in October 1875. Downstream of the reservoir it passes through Stoke-on-Trent and merges with the Lyme, Fowlea and other brooks that drain the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries to become the River Trent. It is 50 miles (80 km) [1] long and is a tributary of the River Trent, which it joins south of Derby. River Bann, Irish An Bhanna, river, the largest in Northern Ireland, falling into two distinct parts. The Grand Union refused to improve the Soar Navigation, because the Trent Navigation Company could not guarantee 135,000 tons of additional traffic. [91], At the beginning of the 1790s, the Navigation faced calls for a bypass of the river at Nottingham, where the passage past Trent Bridge was dangerous, and the threat of a canal running parallel to the river, which was proposed by the Erewash and the Trent and Mersey Canal companies. Jan 1993 - May 202128 years 5 months. [59][66], The Trent has marked variations in discharge, with long term average monthly flows at Colwick fluctuating from 45m3/s (1,600cuft/s) in July during the summer, and increasing to 151m3/s (5,300cuft/s) in January. John Jennings MP for Burton-upon-Trent, 1956. It flows through and drains the North Midlands. There were corresponding increases in dissolved oxygen, an indicator of a healthy river environment. [115], At the downstream end of the Potteries was Trentham Hall, here pollution became so bad that the owner, the Duke of Sutherland, made a claim against the local Fenton council in 1902. These floods revealed the need for a tidal protection scheme, which would cope with the flows experienced in 1947 and the tidal levels from 1954, and subsequently the floodbanks and defences along the lower river were improved to this standard with the works being completed in 1965. A number of the smaller Trent tributaries are still named as warping drains, such as Morton warping drain, near Gainsborough. [11], Downstream of Nottingham it passes Radcliffe on Trent, Stoke Bardolph and Burton Joyce before reaching Gunthorpe with its bridge, lock and weir. [49] Rainfall totals in the Tame are not as high as would be expected from the moderate relief, due to the rain shadow effect of the Welsh mountains to the west, reducing amounts to an average of 691mm (27.2in) for the tributary basin. As they were a source of income, they were recorded in the Domesday Book at a number of locations including Weston on Trent and Fiskerton, both of which were still in operation in the middle of the 20th century. Trento, Latin Tridentum, German Trient, English Trent, city, Trentino-Alto Adige/Sdtirol regione (region), northern Italy. Nottingham seems to have been the ancient head of navigation until the Restoration, due partly to the difficult navigation of the Trent Bridge. Throughout history, the river has been a main route for trade and travel. The Act gave him absolute control over the building of any wharves and warehouses above Nottingham Bridge. Archaeologists have recently discovered phenomenal site in Torksey, on the north bank of the River Trent, that has yielded tens of thousands of metal finds over the years. He also took out an injunction against the council to prevent the ongoing contamination causing a "most foul and offensive stench", the river not even being suitable to water grazing cattle on the estate. Efird Commercial Real Estate. [164], Ferries often replaced these earlier fording points, and were essential where the water was too deep, such as the tidal section of the lower river. This proposal formed the basis for an Act of Parliament obtained in 1783, which also allowed a horse towing path to be built. [58], The river's flow is measured at several points along its course, at a number of gauging stations. [77][170], When bridge construction resumed, toll bridges were often constructed on the site of ferry routes. Nottingham Corporation invested some 450,000 on building the locks authorised by the 1906 Act, starting with Holme lock on 28 September 1921, and finishing with Hazelford lock, which was formally opened by Neville Chamberlain on 25 June 1926. [119], From the 1960s onwards, there were gradual but steady improvements to the inadequate sewage works and sewers built during the Victorian era in the urban areas, but this was expensive, and took time to complete. The river now flows north-east below the Toot and Trent Hills before reaching Hazelford Ferry, Fiskerton and Farndon. It also incorporates the iconic Howden, Derwent and Ladybower Reservoirs. Newark was once an important inland port on the mighty River Trent. The programme of monitoring also extended to taking biological samples, and one of the first biotic indices used for assessing the ecological rather than the chemical quality of rivers was developed by the local river board in the 1960s. The Nottingham and Gainsborough Railway offered 100 per share during 1845, but this was rejected. Plans for new larger locks at Beeston and Wilford were abandoned when the Trent Catchment Board opposed them. [155], Analysis of catch returns from 1969 to 1985, showed that the fish caught most often by anglers were barbel, bream, bleak, carp, chub, dace, eel, gudgeon, perch, and roach. River Trent has been used as a migration corridor for the wading birds and wildfowl. A description of the breach was given as follows: The bank is formed upon a plain of sandy nature, and when it was broken in 1795, the water forced an immense breach, the size of which may be judged from the fact that eighty loads of faggots and upwards of four hundred tons of earth were required to fill up the hole, an operation which took several weeks to complete. The variation in these factors is also reflected in the contrasting runoff characteristics and subsequent inflows of the principal tributaries. [20][21] The river's propensity to change course is referred to in Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part 1: Methinks my moiety, north from Burton here, The total length is 80 miles (129 km). Downstream of the town the villages are often named in pairs, representing the fact that they were once linked by a river ferry between the two settlements. In some areas, successive layers of peat were built up above the lacustrine deposits during the Holocene period, which created lowland mires such as the Thorne and Hatfield Moors. These include the Sherwood sandstones that occur beneath much of eastern Nottinghamshire, the Permian Lower Magnesian limestone and the carboniferous limestone in Derbyshire. The Newark Navigation Commissioners financed improvements to Newark Town lock at the same time, and dredging of the channel was largely funded by selling the 400,000 tonnes of gravel removed from the river bed. The complex of three bridges provides evidence of attempts to keep a crossing open over slightly more than two hundred years from 1097, with three bridges constructed on the same site but felled by scouring, floods and course migration of the river to the south eroding the bridgehead. They have also now been sighted at locations such as Wolseley, Willington, and Attenborough. [151], The largest of those listed was the sturgeon, which at one time were caught in the Trent as far upstream as King's Mill, but only in low numbers. Historic flood levels have also been recorded at Girton and on the churchyard wall at Collingham. Jessop carried out a survey for a side cut and lock at Sawley in 1789, and it was built by 1793. For that I am the mere of England, that divides Up to 0.3 metres (1ft) of deposition could occur in a single season, and depths of 1.5 metres (5ft) have been accumulated over time at some locations. A third Act of 1892 reverted the name to the Trent Navigation Company, and this time, some improvements were performed. [34] To bring clean water to the West Midlands, Birmingham Corporation created a large reservoir chain and aqueduct system to bring water from the Elan Valley. As it enters the city, it passes the suburbs of Beeston, Clifton and Wilford; where it is joined by the Leen. Most of the town belongs to the historic county of Staffordshire, but the neighbourhoods on the east bank of the Trent lie in the . The flood defences around Nottingham and Burton constructed during the 1950s, following the 1947 event, stopped any major urban flooding, but problems did occur in undefended areas such as Willington and Gunthorpe, and again at Girton where 19 houses were flooded. Commercial carrying above Nottingham ceased during the 1950s, to be replaced by pleasure cruising. [23][77], The largest known flood was the Candlemas flood of February 1795, which followed an eight-week period of harsh winter weather, rivers froze which that meant mills were unable to grind corn, and then followed a rapid thaw. [116][161], Glover noted in 1829 that all three types of crossing were still in use on the Derbyshire section of the Trent, but that the fords were derelict and dangerous. At Drakelow upstream of Burton the flow increases nearly three-fold to 36.1m3/s (1,270cuft/s), due to the additional inflow from the largest tributary the Tame. [56] Brian/CC BY-SA 2.0. [177], In downstream order, the power stations that continue to use, or have used the river as their source of cooling water are: Meaford, Rugeley, Drakelow, Willington, Castle Donington, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Wilford, Staythorpe, High Marnham, Cottam, West Burton and Keadby. These villages include West Stockwith and East Stockwith, Owston Ferry and East Ferry, and West Butterwick and East Butterwick. The last bridge over the river is at Keadby where it is joined by both the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and the River Torne. [90] The canal ran parallel to the upper river to Burton upon Trent, where new wharfs and warehouses at Horninglow served the town, and the Burton Boat Company were unable to repair the damaged reputation of the river created by their predecessors. [11] To the north-east of Burton the river is joined by the River Dove at Newton Solney and enters Derbyshire, before passing between the villages of Willington and Repton where it turns directly east to reach Swarkestone Bridge. Large parts of the city and surrounding areas were flooded with 9,000 properties and nearly a hundred industrial premises affected some to first floor height. As water quality improved from the 1960s onwards, fish numbers recovered, and recreational coarse fishing became more popular. [203][204], Although Spenser endowed 'The beauteous Trent' with 'thirty different streams'[d] the river is joined by more than twice that number of different tributaries,[206] of which the largest in terms of flow is the Tame which drains most of the West Midlands, including Birmingham and the Black Country. [77], Early bridges were vulnerable to floods, and in 1309 many bridges were washed away or damaged by severe winter floods, including Hethbeth Bridge. '[150] A list composed in 1641 for the Trent, contained thirty types of fish and other species including those that migrated from the sea such as shad, smelt, salmon and flounder, and riverine species such as trout, grayling, perch and pike. As no archive sources record that the Hemington bridge existed, there may have been other medieval bridge projects now forgotten. Some 20,000 acres (81km2; 31sqmi) were flooded for a period of over three weeks.[23][81][82]. Many of the largest historical floods were caused by snowmelt, but the last such episode occurred when the bitter winter of 1946-7 was followed by a rapid thaw due to rain in March 1947 and caused severe flooding all along the Trent valley. Another translation is given as "the trespasser", referring to the waters flooding over the land. The River Trent was a major working river until after the Second World War. Burton upon Trent, town and urban area (from 2011 built-up area), East Staffordshire borough, administrative county of Staffordshire, west-central England. One effect of this pollution was that the upper and middle reaches were completely devoid of any fish life.[115]. [95], Although commercial use of the river has declined, the lower river between Cromwell and Nottingham can still take large motor barges up to around 150 feet (46m) in length[90] with a capacity of approx 300 tonnes. These cities lie on the river Trent: Stoke-on-Trent. Henry Hotspur's speech complaining about the river has been linked to the meanders near West Burton,[23] however, given the wider context of the scene, in which conspirators propose to divide England into three after a revolt, it is thought that Hotspur's intentions were of a grander design, diverting the river east towards the Wash such that he would benefit from a much larger share of the divided Kingdom. Lichfield. [48][50] [33][86] In December 2013, the largest storm surge since the 1950s occurred on the Trent, when a high spring tide combined with strong winds and a low pressure weather system, produced elevated tidal river levels in the lower reaches. [11], The now tidal river meanders across a wide floodplain, at the edge of which are located riverside villages such as Carlton and Sutton on Trent, Besthorpe and Girton. The resulting surge overtopped the flood defences in the area near Keadby and Burringham, flooding 50 properties. [118] Written records show that in the 12th century landlords were paid in salmon, in lieu of rent at Burton upon Trent. Further north at Littleborough is the site of the Roman town of Segelocum, where a Roman road once crossed the river. [159] Returning adult salmon have been seen leaping over weirs on the river[159] and in 2011 a large salmon weighing over 10 pounds (4.5kg) was caught at an undisclosed location, and was 'thought to be the biggest caught on the Trent in the last thirty years'.[160]. [177][179], The three largest remaining coal-fired stations at Ratcliffe, Cottam and West Burton still use domestic coal supplies, although this is now being replaced by imported coal brought by ship from abroad. [91] Eventually in 1805, they reached an agreement with Henshall & Co., the leading canal carriers, for the closure of the river above Wilden Ferry. During a following glaciation (Devensian, 70,000BC) the ice held back vast areas of water called Glacial Lake Humber in the current lower Trent basin. Wilmington, North Carolina, United States. William Jessop performed the survey, assisted by Robert Whitworth, and they published their report on 8 July 1793. See answer (1) Copy. There are also baseflow contributions from the major aquifers in the catchment. The Trent River is a river in southeastern Ontario which flows from Rice Lake to empty into the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario.This river is part of the Trent-Severn Waterway which leads to Georgian Bay.The river is 90 kilometres (56 mi) long. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in past times often caused the river to . For example, Birmingham lies at the upper end of the Tame, and Leicester is located towards the head of the Soar. [72], Warp was also used as a commercial product, after being collected from the river banks at low tide, it was transported along the Chesterfield Canal to Walkeringham where it was dried out and refined to be eventually sold as a silver polish for cutlery manufacturers. Duke of Sutherland, describing the river in his injunction of 1902. These include recreational water activities, and once rehabilitated, as nature reserves and wetlands. The Aegir cannot travel much beyond Gainsborough as the shape of the river reduces the Aegir to little more than a ripple, and weirs north of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, stop its path completely. [2] Throughout its course, the river mostly flows through the Peak District and its foothills. [117] Angling clubs in Burton used the Dove or local lakes for fishing, as the Trent through the town was absent of any fish. The average for the whole Trent catchment is 720mm (28in) which is significantly lower than the average for United Kingdom at 1,101mm (43.3in) and lower than that for England at 828mm (32.6in). The new Ferry Bridge was opened in 1889, although it needed the financial support of the brewer and philanthropist Michael Bass to pay for the construction, and later in 1898 to purchase the existing ferry rights so that it became free of tolls. [191][192], Rowing clubs have existed at Burton, Newark and Nottingham since the mid-1800s, with various regattas taking place between them, both on the river and on the rowing course at the national watersports centre. Amie Peck, manager of public and stakeholder engagement with the Canadian Cattle Association says they had . Incorporates the iconic Howden, Derwent and Ladybower Reservoirs given as `` the trespasser '' referring... 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Resumed, toll bridges were often constructed on the site of Ferry routes through the Peak and! Fishing became more popular Trent has been used as a migration corridor the... Adige/Sdtirol regione ( region ), Northern Italy the smaller Trent tributaries still. Recorded at Girton and on the mighty river Trent: Stoke-on-Trent was a major working river until after second! Near Gainsborough [ 94 ], the Permian Lower Magnesian limestone and the second World War tributaries are still as. Wall at Collingham cities lie on the mighty river Trent was a major working until! Canal and the second World War German Trient, English Trent, city, Trentino-Alto Adige/Sdtirol regione ( ). Tributaries are still named as warping drains, such as Wolseley, Willington, and Attenborough distinct parts river... 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