effect of microwave on human body ppt

[61] found that after pregnant rats were irradiated with 9.417GHz microwaves, the behavior of their offspring differed, and the outcome was sex-dependent. 2003;11:346. These results explain the genetic mechanisms by which microwave radiation induces damage to learning and memory. Int J Radiat Biol. 2007;96:218196. Belyaev IY, Koch CB, Terenius O, Roxstrm-Lindquist K, Malmgren LO, Sommer HW, et al. Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans. [104] found that exposure to a 1.9GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4h at 0.1, 1.0, and 10W/kg did not affect gene expression in U87MG glioblastoma cells. Int J Radiat Biol. So foods which have high water content can be very easily cooked like fresh vegetables. Mortazavi SMJ, Taeb S, Dehghan N. Alterations of visual reaction time and short term memory in military radar personnel. To investigate the effects of 2.4GHz Wi-Fi radiation on multisensory integration in rats, a cross-modal visual-tactile object recognition (CMOR) task was performed by four variations of the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) test including the standard SOR, tactile SOR, visual SOR, and CMOR tests. Article [63] exposed rat hippocampal neurons to microwaves (SAR values of 0.8W/kg and 2.4W/kg at an average power density of 1800MHz/d) and observed the formation of dendritic filopodial and dendritic branches and the maturation of dendritic spines in neurons from day 6 to 14. The final apoptosis score in the exposed group was significantly reduced, and the total antioxidant capacity and catalysis observed in the experimental group was increased. To investigate the potential combined influence of maternal restraint stress and 2.45GHz Wi-Fi signal exposure on postnatal development and behavior in the offspring of exposed rats, control, Wi-Fi-exposed, restrained and both Wi-Fi-exposed and restrained groups were established. MicroRNAs and neurodegeneration: role and impact. Behav Brain Res. The three groups were further divided into two groups according to their years of service (up to 10years and >10years) to investigate the effect of years of exposure to radar. Ito K, Hirao A, Arai F, Takubo K, Matsuoka S, Miyamoto K, et al. Szmigielski [23] collected retrospective data for Polish soldiers over 15years and showed that the prevalence of brain cancer was higher in each age group. Article Physiol Behav. The ionotropic receptors consist of NMDA receptors and non-NMDA receptors. Studies have also suggested that long-term exposure to 2.4GHz microwave radiation may lead to adverse effects, as observed in neurodegenerative diseases that originate from the altered expression of some miRNAs. Cell Biochem Biophys. 1 of 41 Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings Oct. 04, 2015 4 likes 4,519 views Download Now Download to read offline Environment The presentation proves beyond any doubt, the harmful affects of microwaves and radio frequency waves on humans and other living beings Padmanabhan Krishnan Follow Dr. Suppl Clin Neurophysiol. After exposure, the levels of 2 waves in the hypothalamus increased more than those in the cortex, leading to a significant reduction in the deviation of the two EGGs. In the CNS, glutamic acid binds and plays physiological roles with the following two receptors: ionotropic glutamate and metabolic glutamate. Schmid MR, Murbach M, Lustenberger C, Maire M, Kuster N, Achermann P, et al. Int J Radiat Biol. Lai et al. Evaluation of Psychologic parameters in people occupationally exposed to radiofrequencies and microwave. Othman H, Ammari M, Rtibi K, Bensaid N, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices. Decreased synthesis of acetylcholine accompanying impaired oxidation of pyruvic acid in rat brain minces. Many intricate electrical activities occur in the central nervous system, including learning and memory, which are therefore vulnerable to electromagnetic radiation. Article PubMed Mobile phone use facilitates memory in male, but not female, subjects. Cite this article. MicroRNAs in neuronal function and dysfunction. Bull Exp Biol Med. A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. Kayhan H, Esmekaya MA, Saglam AS, Tuysuz MZ, Canseven AG, Yagci AM, et al. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kizil G, Kizil M, Cakir DU, Yokus B. 1997;44:99104. J Neurosci. Because the frequency of microwaves is sufficiently high that the energy is absorbed, the subsequent heating of tissue becomes its major mechanism, and most biochemical and physiological responses are temperature-dependent. 2014;9:e95503. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 1994;10:13548. Chin J Birth Health Hered. The above results indicate a positive biological effect of microwave radiation and present a challenge with regard to how people can benefit from microwave radiation. Regional cerebral glucose uptake in the 3xTG model of Alzheimer's disease highlights common regional vulnerability across AD mouse models. The experimental rats were divided into six groups of 3 adult rats and 3 young rats in each group (with control, GSM alone and call-receiving subgroups in each group). The induced genes encoded proteins with a variety of functions, including neurotransmitter regulation, BBB maintenance, and melatonin production. Szmigielski S. Cancer risks related to low-level RF/MW exposures, including cell phones. Cellular telephones and cancera nationwide cohort study in Denmark. These conclusions are presented in Table2. 2010;3:4650. Microwaving Food Leads to a Negative Impact on Human Physiology & the Heart. 2013;34:26474. 2016;25:31827. 1984;4:285665. An increasing level of acetylcholine can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in synapses, but its concentration was decreased by 60% after exposure to microwave irradiation [117]. Vecchio F, Babiloni C, Lizio R, Fallani FV, Blinowska K, Verrienti G, et al. Durkin TP, Messier C, de Boer P, Westerink B. 2009;158:12639. Neurosci Lett. J Pharm Sci. Qiao et al. Using a ring resonator notch filter for optical carrier reduction and modulation depth enhancement in radio-over-fiber links. 2004;48:46624. Kan P, Simonsen SE, Lyon JL, Kestle JR. Cellular phone use and brain tumor: a meta-analysis. Neuroscience. The results indicated that radar microwave radiation leads to a decreased reaction time and lower short-term memory performance [18]. Bioelectromagnetics. However, there was no change in the frequency of AMPA mEPSCs or the amplitudes of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) mEPSCs. [101] exposed rats to microwave radiation at frequencies of 0, 900, 1800 and 2450MHz (SARs: 0, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.66mW/kg, respectively) using a transverse electromagnetic cell for 2months for 2h/d, 5 d/week. Bioelectromagnetics. The brain has been recognized as one of the organs that is most vulnerable to microwave radiation. Zhao L, Sun C, Xiong L, Yang Y, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. PubMed The authors predicted the differential expression of genes associated with transcription, translation and receptor functions (in addition to brain-related and signaling pathway-related) using the iRDB, miRbase and miRanda databases. Dasdag et al. The results showed that gestational Wi-Fi exposure and restraint adversely affected offspring neurodevelopment and behavior in adulthood. Use of mobile phones and risk of brain tumours: update of Danish cohort study. Qutob et al. Alterations of cognitive function and 5-HT system in rats after long term microwave exposure. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. [58] exposed volunteers to microwaves at a frequency of 450MHz for 10 repeated intervals of 1min of irradiation and 1min off. Low intensity microwave radiation induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and DNA damage in rat brain. Verma et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. But microwave refers to wavelengths in microns so the. 2008;29:52738. Annu Rev Physiol. 1993;13:41322. [1] used 10 freely moving rats in which carbon electrodes were implanted in the cortex and dorsomedial hypothalamus. 2009;63:10106. 2004;23:20114. 2013;5:5500110. Regional changes in brain glucose metabolism reflect cognitive impairments in aged rats. Neuroreport. Bioelectromagnetics. J Environ Health. Zhao et al. Int J Radiat Biol. The results showed that in normal EEGs, the (3.26.0Hz) and 2 (17.830.5Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the cortex, while the (6.017.8Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the hypothalamus. J Sleep Res. Johansen C, Boice JD, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH. 2015;148:150. Standard devices used by military personnel that may pose electromagnetic hazards include radars and missile systems. Dasdag S, Balci K, Celik M, Batun S, Kaplan A, Bolaman Z, et al. Electromagn Biol Med. Rev Environ Health. Synapse. Chizhenkova R. Slow potentials and spike unit activity of the cerebral cortex of rabbits exposed to microwaves. 2014;90:2935. Li H, Li C. Apoptosis gene expression and their relationship to mtDNA mutation in tumor tissues of gynecologic oncology patients. 2006;27:11926. Technol Cancer Res Treat. Bioelectromagnetics. Microwave exposure impairs synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampus and pc12 cells through over-activation of the nmda receptor signaling pathway. J Natl Cancer Inst. After exposure to microwave irradiation (an average power density of 30mW/m2 for 5min/d on five days a week for two consecutive months), the expression of NR2B was decreased in rats, the level of Glu was increased in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid, spatial memory ability was decreased among rats with the TT genotype, and there was no change in the CC type and TC type animals. P Nat Acad. Each Wi-Fi exposure and restraint occurred for 2h/d during gestation until parturition. 2005;161:52635. Dasdag et al. eliminating microwave and RF sources. A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. The Microwave signals in the food can cause water molecules to pulsate, generates heat to cook the food. Yale J Biol Med. 1996;180:917. With the popularity of microwave technology, microwave effects on the human body have become a common topic of concern, and the central nervous system is recognized as a target organ system that is sensitive to microwave radiation. [20] divided the radar workers into three sets: control group (n=68), exposure group I (n=40, exposed to 812GHz) and exposure group II (n=58, working with radar at 12.518.0GHz). Military Med Res 4, 29 (2017). Proliferation and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line exposed to 900 MHz modulated radiofrequency field. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a tetramer composed of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits or two NR3 subunits that perform the functions of NMDAR [69, 70], and NMDAR plays key roles in synapse development, synaptic plasticity and neurological diseases. 2014;53:22230. 2008;49:16370. Microwaves are widely used in broadcasting, communications and many industrial fields. Exposure to microwaves and silencing p-synapsin I reduced the release of GABA, and maximum reduction was achieved when both were combined, indicating a synergistic effect. 2011;35:36978. as it have a harmful side. Thus, these results suggest that the 2.4W/kg GSM 1800MHz microwaves may reduce excitatory synaptic activity and the number of excitatory synapses in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. PubMed The increase in M1 receptor gene expression along with the impairment of novel preferences in Wi-Fi-exposed animals may suggest a possible role of the cholinergic system in the detrimental effects of Wi-Fi radiation on multisensory integration [100]. Google Scholar. Bioelectromagnetics. A significant increase in ROS levels and DNA fragmentation were observed only after the astrocytes were exposed to modulated EMF for 20min, perhaps as a result of hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors. Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Ellis CE, Murphy EJ, Mitchell DC, Golovko MY, Scaglia F, Barcel-Coblijn GC, et al. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. Electromagn Biol Med. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo and is characterized by a biochemical state that tends toward oxidization, including the formation of oxygen free radicals (i.e., ROS) and nitrogen radicals reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which play major roles in oxidation. Zhang et al. CAS In addition, another study showed that significant psychiatric symptoms were observed in people who worked in these areas. Int J Hyg Environ Health. Nakatani-Enomoto S, Furubayashi T, Ushiyama A, Groiss SJ, Ueshima K, Sokejima S, et al. Defective actin dynamics in dendritic spines: cause or consequence of age-induced cognitive decline? Acta Neurol Belg. We should ensure that we avoid excessive exposure to microwave radiation in daily life activities and use mobile phones appropriately despite information about its positive effects. [111] found that the rate of glucose metabolism in the brains of rats was lower after short-term exposure to microwave radiation, and the blood glucose management reduced the damage that was caused by microwave radiation due to the decreased glucose uptake (2.45MHz, 1mW/cm2, continuous radiation for 30 d at 3h/d), as were learning and memory capacity. 2006;27:295306. 2017;52:23947. Microwave radiation can heat body tissue the same way it heats your food. Google Scholar. It has also been reported that acute exposure to continuous waves of 900MHz EMF or 900MHz waves that were modulated to an amplitude of 50Hz increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA fragmentation as a result of the hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors [73]. pability of the body (thus, a thermal effect), whereas the standard of the U.S.S.R. and Poland are based upon the interaction of the microwave fields with the brain and central nervous system as measured by neurological or behavior effects. 2002;13:11921. Messier C, Durkin T, Mrabet O, Destrade C. Memory-improving action of glucose: indirect evidence for a facilitation of hippocampal acetylcholine synthesis. PubMed Nuclear pyknosis and capillary congestion are also observed. Int J Radiat Biol. Shahin S, Banerjee S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. [49] found that microwave radiation enhanced brain wave energy, decreased brain wave frequency, and increased the amplitude and power of delta frequency bands, indicating a decrease in learning ability [50,51,52,53]. Sanders AP, Joines WT. SAR Value There are guidelines internationally for short term exposure to cell phone frequency microwaves, defined in terms of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), the rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body when exposed to radio frequency radiation. WJZ wrote the paper and outlined this manuscript, LFW and XJH provided a detailed guidance throughout the article. Specifically, the Federal Communications . J Radiat Proc. The results showed that 2.1GHz W-CDMA-modulated microwave radiation did not cause apoptotic cell death but altered cell cycle progression [79]. In industrial fields, exposure is usually occupational, and its sources include the surgical and physiotherapeutic use of diathermy, dielectric heating (i.e., heating and vulcanization applications), microwave ovens, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical diagnostic equipment, radar, military and research microwave systems, electricity-supplying networks, and electricity-distributing and transmitting equipment [3]. Most bioassay and genotoxicity or mutation studies that have been performed in vitro have reported that exposure to microwave radiation at non-thermal levels does not have mutagenic/genotoxic/carcinogenic effects. Article 2015;56:2618. Privacy Wang et al. Cell Biochem Biophys. Lai H, Horita A, Guy AW. J Natl Cancer Inst. B. Cordless phones effect Cordless phone same worked like a mobile phone. found that long-term treatment with a low dose of microwave radiation reduced the activity and the number of excitatory synapses. Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter 12-arm radial-maze with reduced access to spatial cues in rats. Terms and Conditions, Brain proteome response following whole body exposure of mice to mobile phone or wireless DECT base radiation. Cordless phone radiation effect flows in a human body same way in the mobile phone [13]. Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M. Spatial memory perfomance of wistar rats exposed to mobile phone. Mosconi L, Tsui WH, Rusinek H, De Santi S, Li Y, Wang GJ, et al. Kumar M, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. Neurosci Lett. Krylova I, Dukhanin A, Il'in A, Kuznetsova EY, Balaeva N, Shimanovskii N, et al. Wang L, Li X, Peng R, Gao Y, Zhao L, Wang S, et al. Ozben T. Oxidative stress and apoptosis: impact on cancer therapy. Iran J Public Health. Scientific, technical publications in the nuclear field | IAEA Caubet R, Pedarros-Caubet F, Chu M, Freye E, de Belem RM, Moreau J, et al. BMJ. Damage to learning abilities and reduction of glucose utilization in the limbic system of adult rats are closely linked [109]. Kesari KK, Behari J. Fifty-gigahertz microwave exposure effect of radiations on rat brain. Cassel JC, Cosquer B, Galani R, Kuster N. Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter radial-maze performance in rats. Google Scholar. After exposure to microwave radiation, during synaptic structural plasticity, presynaptic vesicles accumulate or empty, mitochondria are damaged, postsynaptic membranes are perforated, postsynaptic lengths and postsynaptic density distributions are abnormal, mossy fiber growth is inhibited during learning and memory functions, dendritic filopodial densities and activities are decreased, and there is a significant reduction of the dendritic spine density and dendritic fragment length [62]. 2015;91:42634. Human short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones decreases computer-assisted visual reaction time. At present, due to a general consensus that the most significant parameter for . Neuroreport. Therefore, their reproducibility and comparability are poor. In the cell experiments, the T allele was significantly more vulnerable to microwaves than the C allele with regard to its transcription factor binding ability and the transcriptional activity and mRNA and protein expression of NR2B. It has been suggested that there is an increased risk of glioma at the highest exposure levels, but biases and errors prevent causal interpretations of these data. Repeated exposure to low-level extremely low frequency-modulated microwaves affects cortex-hypothalamus interplay in freely moving rats: EEG study. However, to date, with the exception of high-power microwave radiation, which has widely established hazardous effects, the biological effects of microwaves remain controversial. Kang D, Hamasaki N. Mitochondrial transcription factor a in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Among the variety of neurotransmitters, glutamate is the most abundant endogenous amino acid in the mammalian central nervous system. Google Scholar. [50] exposed Wistar rats to 2.856GHz microwaves at an average power density of 5, 10, 20 or 30mW/cm2 for 6min three times per week for up to 6weeks and found that on day 14 after irradiation, the levels of Asp and Glu were lower in the hippocampus in the group treated with 5mW/cm2 but higher in the group treated with 30mW/cm2, The levels of GABA were elevated. 2006;12:44651. The central nervous system, especially the hippocampus, is highly sensitive to microwave radiation [43, 44]. Kwon MS, Vorobyev V, Knnl S, Laine M, Rinne JO, Toivonen T, et al. Singh et al. Cancer in radar technicians exposed to radiofrequency/microwave radiation: sentinel episodes. 2004;996:8996. Additionally, the number of crossings was significantly lower at 3 d after microwave radiation. 2002;64:31353. [64] exposed cultured rat hippocampal neurons to GSM 1800MHz microwaves (SAR, 2.4W/kg) and observed a selective decrease in the amplitude of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-soxazole propionic acid (AMPA) miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Im HI, Kenny PJ. Cosquer et al. CAS 2015;28:1324. Neurobiol Learn Mem. Melatonin and serotonin levels were estimated, which play important roles in the nervous system. Oto R, Akda Z, Dada S, Celik Y. Synaptic vesicles form in different parts of neurons and contain high concentrations of substances that are transferred from the neuron. 2000;284:30017. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic. volume4, Articlenumber:29 (2017) In 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) announced that microwave radiation has potentially carcinogenic effects (2B). Bioelectromagnetics. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. The Morris water maze has been widely used in neurobehavioral tests [36]. 1975;148:1723. The results were significant for the range from 12.518.0GHz with a service period greater than 10years. CAS Above all, because of biases and variations in investigation methods, no conclusive evidence has been presented that microwaves cause cancer. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on microRNA expression in brain tissue. PubMed Central 2012;21:6209. Effect of 900 MHz radio frequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain. 2012;31:6774. Cobb et al. 2017;38:106976. Singh S, Mani KV, Kapoor N. Effect of occupational EMF exposure from radar at two different frequency bands on plasma melatonin and serotonin levels. Long term and excessive use of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation alter microRNA expression in brain. [72] found that 2.856GHz, 50mW/cm2 pulsed microwave radiation caused persistent spatial memory impairments, disordered neurotransmitters, and varying degrees of damage in the hippocampus and synapses. . . Preece A, Iwi G, Davies-Smith A, Wesnes K, Butler S, Lim E, et al. In long-term epidemiological investigations of large population with occupational exposure, the results have not been consistent. Google Scholar. Effect on human attention of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones. 2015;91:55561. Symptoms included headache, paresthesia, diarrhea, malaise and lassitude. Neurobiol Learn Mem. Koivisto M, Revonsuo A, Krause C, Haarala C, Sillanmki L, Laine M, et al. NR2B plays a key role in LTP and was decreased from the 3rd to the 18th month post-treatment, and long-term exposure to high doses of radiation may therefore damage cognitive functions. Campisi A, Gulino M, Acquaviva R, Bellia P, Raciti G, Grasso R, et al. Sci STKE. Chronic exposure to GSM 1800-MHz microwaves reduces excitatory synaptic activity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Biomed Environ Sci. radiation with wavelengths. 2013;89:11007. CAS 2008;86:718. Article The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Glucose is the main energy source and is closely related to brain neurotransmitters and cholesterol synthesis [106]. 2014;8:63. Acetylcholine: cognitive and brain functions. CAS Additionally, in the 2.4W/kg group, neuronal filopodial density and activity were lower on day 8, and there was a reduction of the dendritic spine maturity on day 14. Then that poisonous acid harms the kidneys and nervous system. [39] exposed rats to microwaves (500 pps, pulse width=2s, and average whole body-specific absorption rate (SAR)=0.6W/kg) for an exposure duration of 45min, and a significant decline was observed in the rats performance, indicating that microwave radiation influenced their working memory. Electromagn Biol Med. Biol Chem. The hippocampus plays roles in learning and memory, and the results of these studies suggest that the deficits in learning and memory functions observed after exposure to microwave irradiation might be due to abnormalities induced in hippocampal structures. To determine the precise dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, further detailed studies must be performed. It is noteworthy that most of the above mentioned studies were based on the theory that the effects caused by microwaves are non-thermal. Richter ED, Berman T, Levy O. A resting eyes-closed electroencephalogram was used to continuously record the results, which showed that there was an increase in the power of the , 1 and 2 frequency bands in the 0.303W/kg group and in the 2 frequency bands in the 0.003W/kg group. Effects of isothermal 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the mammalian cell Ci ihff fihl2MHdifdi i Bi l h. C Spr '05 Inan, OT Thermal effects of RF he above diagram depicts the electric field alternations, at a frequency f, of the Hear I can show the different strength of microwave technologies. Nicholson RM, Kusne Y, Nowak LA, LaFerla FM, Reiman EM, Valla J. An abnormal EEG is closely associated with damaged cognitive ability. Cookies policy. daily life. The potential mechanisms underlying these damaging effects range from gene expression alterations in the respiratory chain, membrane damage, Ca2+ overloading, and DNA impairment [122,123,124,125,126,127,128]. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Aksen F, Bashan M, Buyukbayram H. Does 900 MHZ GSM mobile phone exposure affect rat brain? Neurotoxicology. Wang LF, Tian DW, Li HJ, Gao YB, Wang CZ, Zhao L, et al. PubMed The fields had an average power density of 0, 5, 10 or 50mW/cm2. Szmigielski S. Cancer morbidity in subjects occupationally exposed to high frequency (radiofrequency and microwave) electromagnetic radiation. Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation. Google Scholar. Pathophysiology. Therefore, the authors concluded that exposure to a radiofrequency of 900MHz might trigger the neoplastic process because it produces a relative increase in the number of potentially long-lived cells. Lee TM, Ho SM, Tsang LY, Yang SY, Li LS, Chan CC. Therefore, the central nervous system is considered one of the most sensitive organs that is targeted by microwave radiation [1, 2]. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Motawi et al. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies that have explored the effects of microwave radiation on the brain, especially the hippocampus, including analyses of epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction. This damage plays a key role in the structural and functional changes that are accelerated by neuronal degeneration. 2004;2004:19. PubMed Central 2007;210:63544. Medical and biological aspects of the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic (EM) fields and radiation on human health . One study reported by the Interphone study group [13] showed that there was no increase in the risk of glioma or meningioma in users of mobile phones. In 35% of cases, soldiers work in intermediate and hazardous zones and in 22%only in the intermediate zone. Bioelectromagnetics. In the group treated with 0.8W/kg, there was no significant change. Li Z, Peng RY, Wang SM, Wang LF, Gao YB, Ji D, et al. Behav Brain Res. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Adair ER. Google Scholar. [40] also repeated the experiment only and found that radial-arm maze performance in rats remained unchanged. 2016;397:2239. Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, Dysfunction of learning and memory abilities, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Biomed Environ Sci. Othman et al. The visual reaction time and short-term memory of healthy male and female workers at a radar site with a frequency range of 218GHz was recorded with a simple blind computer-assisted-visual reaction time test or modified Wechsler Memory Scale test. : a biochemical study on mouse brain. BOOTP and DHCP.ppt anik301. Neuroreport. Shahin found that regardless of whether exposure was long-term or short-term, 2.45GHz microwaves increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, which potentially led to apoptosis in hippocampal subfield neurons and non-neuronal cells as a result of p53-dependent/independent activation. 2002;5:18995. Arch Environ Health. 2010;39:67594. Bioelectromagnetics. PubMed Dasdag S, Bilgin H, Akdag M, Celik H, Aksen F. Effect of long term mobile phone exposure on oxidative-antioxidative processes and nitric oxide in rats. Microwaves are widely used in broadcasting, communications and many industrial fields. Fragopoulou AF, Samara A, Antonelou MH, Xanthopoulou A, Papadopoulou A, Vougas K, et al. 2014:125. Digestive System: The unstable catabolism of microwaved foods alters their elemental food substances, causing disorders in the digestive system. Those who are accustomed to using their mobile phone ipsilaterally presented a probability that was twice that of people who dont [5,6,7]. Google Scholar. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript. 2013;23:306. 2011;18:32533. A popular focus among researchers is the damage that microwave radiation causes in the central nervous system, in which it can impair learning and memory.

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