the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet

They are Canadian, or fans of Manchester United, or are doctors. Participants paid $1 more likely to change their beliefs about the task. an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Here, it is because this outgroup member brings in values or beliefs that the person high in RWA disagrees with, thus threatening the collective values of his or her group. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Categories . Instead, it measures how quickly people make judgments about the goodness or badness of various groups. This best illustrates. c. Conflict At the time it was written, however, women and minorities (especially enslaved people) were not included in this sentiment. Ingroup bias is the tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with. Tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other ethnic groups. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: "Teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. Biases can explicit (overt and conscious) or more implicit (automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent). The orientation of all people is "growth, autonomy, and freedom from control by external forces" (Schunk, 2016, p. 349). Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. This episode provides an example of, A business leader who welcomes a variety of opinions from subordinates and invites experts' critiques of her company's developing plans is most likely to inhibit. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. Scapegoat Theory: . Psychology questions and answers. An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007). Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. Exam 1 Dr. After Manny's father refused to let him use the family car on Friday night, Manny let all the air out of the tires. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. (b) Find the partial derivatives of the demand functions w.r.t. d. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: swissworld: saisons When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. One explanation is that historical biases were widespread and institutionalized. On your way to school one day, ask yourself how many types of vehicles breeze down Main St U.S.A., on the average? When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. For instance, Margaret might not be typical (or stereotypical) of an 80-year-old in that she regularly competes in organized half-marathons. Such a reaction will be ambiguous to both parties and difficult to interpret. How can people learn to get along with people who seem different from them? What is faithful representation, and why is it important. It applies U.S. GAAP and reports in U.S. dollars. However, to justify preferential treatment, people often exaggerate the differences between their in-group and an outgroup. We also want to know whether the members of the group are competent enough to act on their good or ill intentions. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in, An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as the, Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate. c. hindsight bias. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). For example, the SDO gender difference (men higher, women lower) appears all over the world. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes, adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard, influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality, stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable, the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity, the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). QUESTION 23 The tendency to apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures is known as cultural relativism cultural universalism ethnocentrism egocentrism QUESTION 24 Foraging societies practice what . nearness; the greater the exposure one has to another person, the more one generally comes to like that person. D) Relating to several _____ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike . Like most students in her school, she believes that Carson Elementary School is the best school in town. Social categorization and stereotyping in vivo: The VUCA challenge. d. sensory cortex. d. oxytocin. A) perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others. If word-of-mouth hiring practices in an all-White business have the effect of excluding potential non-White employees, the practice could be called: Bill is often described as judgmental, ethnocentric, and punitive. This best illustrates: Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. Intergroup bias. For the following sentence, make corrections in end mark, period, and comma usage as needed. We categorize people according to their citizenship, gender, allegiance to a sports team, and university affiliation, among other qualities. We identify o we compare ingroup bias o tendency to. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. c. offering them opportunities to play violent video games when they feel angry. This best illustrates the perceived value of, The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment stimulated social-psychological research on. b. conformity a. more; less An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. Distinguish prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . This phenomenon is known as ________. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. Tensions between, say, a White persons own good intentions, on the one hand, and discomfort with closely interacting with a Black person, on the other hand, may cause the White person to behave stiffly or be distracted. An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. b. hypothalamus self-worth. Tell your classmates what you will visit and what you will do and see there. Prejudice. experiments were performed despite mass student protests against the research. Logic suggests, then, that because we like ourselves, we also like the groups in which we are members. Group-serving bias (or ultimate attribution error). Devine and her colleagues (2005) note that automatic prejudices subside when ________. Such a question would be preposterous if you were only surrounded by members of your own group. credibility. This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group . University of Houston. The tendency to favor their ingroup develops quickly in young children, increasing up to about six years of age, and almost immediately begins to influence their behavior (Aboud, 2003; Aboud & Amato, 2001). The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. Although the interviewer may not be blatantly biased, their automatic or implicit biases may be harmful to one of the applicants. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). (1974). This comment is an example of: Describing positive behaviors by an ingroup member in terms of his or her general disposition, but describing the same behavior by an outgroup member as a specific, isolated act reflects: Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, iGCSE PE 10.1 Leisure and Recreation / The Gr. d. deindividuation. Hanna overcriticizes him for minor errors. This best illustrates, Montel, a White university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Turner, J. C. (1975). Developed Social Learning Theory, where children learn through watching AND imitating actions. Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. The tendency to judge that more crimes were committed by Pireaneans than by Wallonians best illustrates the power of: D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion. By understanding this natural human tendency, you can focus on finding ways to cut other people a break and to stop expecting the worst. Assume that p,q,rp, q, rp,q,r, and sss represent propositions, Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Social Sciences. As a result, the White person may give a good excuse to avoid such awkward situations. For example, the ingroup in most societies is the average citizen, seen as warm and competent. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. where all constants are positive, a(0,1)a \in(0,1)a(0,1). model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components. What causes a gain or loss on the sale of a bond investment? Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. Within the realm of personality psychology, the false-consensus effect does not have significant effects.This is because the false-consensus effect relies heavily on the social environment and how a person interprets this environment. 3. For example, if you were asked to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you might quickly categorize it as good. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Not all stereotypes of outgroups are all bad. Three pathways by which self-concept can shape how we communicate are self-esteem, self-monitoring, and Multiple Choice self-serving bias. Although research has shown that people higher in SDO are more likely to be politically conservative, there are other traits that more strongly predict ones SDO. 0 . That said, the targets of bias sometimes shift across time. "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". tendency: 1 n an inclination to do something Synonyms: leaning , propensity Type of: inclination that toward which you are inclined to feel a liking n an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others "a tendency to be too strict" Synonyms: disposition , inclination Types: show 31 types. For example, someone high in SDO would likely be upset if someone from an outgroup moved into her neighborhood. Could you feel that some associations are easier than others? exclusivity. Do you or someone you know believe that group hierarchies are inevitable? A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. Social psychologists have developed several ways to measure this automatic preference, the most famous being the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. The phrase "not in my backyard," shortened to "NIMBY," seems to have appeared first in the mid-1970s. Trellis8. (2020). Historical examples abound. Ethnocentrism is the term that denotes this kind of behavior. When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. This reaction is best explained in terms of: After the events of 9/11, some Americans began boycotting Arab-American stores and lashing out at any person they perceived as Middle Eastern. Discrimination and the implicit association test. This is not to suggest that actual older people are not competent, of course, but that they are not widely admired for their accumulated wisdom. What groups illustrate ambivalent biases, seemingly competent but cold, or warm but incompetent? These groups could be formed by gender, race, ethnicity, or a favorite sports team. In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. 1. a natural or prevailing disposition to move, proceed, or act in some direction or toward some point, end, or result. Sun Microsystems uses the accrual basis of accounting and recognizes revenue at the time it sells goods or renders services. Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of: The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. c. cognitive dissonance. For example, rich people are often viewed as competent but cold. Although this is unfair, sometimes the automatic associationsoften driven by societys stereotypestrump our own explicit values (Devine, 1989). Unit 23. These two simple dimensionswarmth and competencetogether map how groups relate to each other in society. They prescribe "proper" behavior. June 7, 2022 1 Views. HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. We naturally categorize people by age, language, occupation, ethnicity, income, and many other qualities. High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of: Desirable? The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called, Nora, Ko, Ian, and May each think that Ms. Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. This best illustrates the value of, Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. B) direction a . Today, there is a greater appreciation of the fact that not all biases are overt hostility based on a personal animosity toward members of a group. This might remind you of self-determination theory, with its focus on autonomy, relatedness, and competence. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. In the context of distinctiveness, you are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as: When the British made a group of German civilians walk through a concentration camp at the close of World War II, one German responded: "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping, Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002, Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009, https://onlinepsych.pepperdine.edu/blog/prejudice-discrimination-coping-skills/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group: Term. This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by: which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy? View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). Another case in which people judge other members of the ingroup very negatively occurs when a member of one's own group behaves in a . Self-serving bias can spill over into the groups we identify with. Only when research participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. 30. It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. Sons are more valued than daughters. Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. (d) Put a=1/2a=1 / 2a=1/2. She is a skydiver as well as a tennis player. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. She tends to overpraise his achievements in order to avoid appearing biased. d. father care. c. more; more b. prejudice. According to Lyons et al. B) Having the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group. Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). b. deindividuation. The result is seeing people who live in subsidized housing, or who like comic books, or who are religious, or who have autism as one homogenous group with little variation. Misra, S., Le, P.T., Goldmann, E. & Yang, L.H. Early. Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that: Table 12.2 The Collective Self-Esteem Scale. When are petty cash expenses recognized (at the time of establishment, reimbursement, or replenishment)? d. women tend to share similar attitudes about sex. After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. A simple way to understand these mixed feelings, across a variety of groups, results from the Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence. d. the fundamental attribution error. Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. Some group stereotypes are mixed, high on one dimension and low on the other. Right-wing authoritarianism, left-wing authoritarianism, and pandemic-mitigation authoritarianism. We might feel affinity toward people from our home town, a connection with those who attend our university, or commiserate with the experience of people who share our gender identity, religion, or ethnicity. Busca trabajos relacionados con All of the following are examples of measures of central tendency except o contrata en el mercado de freelancing ms grande del mundo con ms de 22m de trabajos. Male 3: I don't want you looking over my shoulder all the time. swissworld: paysages, Pregntale a otro(a) estudiante qu pide en un restaurante en las siguientes situaciones. c. The need to be accepted by others is a powerful motivating force. On April 30, 2016, the petty cash fund contained vouchers totaling$171.40 plus $26.10 of currency. The non-rival out-group acts as a reference . Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. This activity was created by a Quia Web subscriber. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. In the 21st century, however, with social group categories even more complex, biases may be transforming. Where slavery was practiced, prejudice ran strong. Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals. bias. In our soccer example, one set of children will focus on their own desire to play without really regarding the similar desire of the other class as equal and legitimate. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of, A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage, Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to, Deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers, Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because, The "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. C) selective perception. This behavior is best explained in terms of: Your textbook defines _____ as a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. a. amygdala If people do not want to invite Margaret on vacation because they fear that she will move too slowly (a common view of older people) then they are discriminating against her. A confirmation bias is cognitive bias that favors information that confirms your previously existing beliefs or biases. Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). This statement best reflects the: Victoria is a fifth grader in Carson Elementary School. One student admitted that he had once considered becoming an accountant but decided against it because "accountants are all boring number crunchers without an ounce of creativity." Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). HLT. Nosotros _____ (ir) a la playa. The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the . This is an example of: Elena's boss fires her because he is downsizing his company. An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. c. deindividuation. According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that. Conserves physiological arousal and excitement. Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, emotional responses such as a speaker's attractiveness. Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to the social world. Here are some more examples that are actually prejudice, watch what you say! This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: a. desensitizing them to violent acts. This way of perceiving and making . : Men are more intelligent. This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002). What is NOT a reason why watching media violence have negative consequences. The girls are reacting to: Your new roommate is from Ireland. Group-serving bias is the tendency to make more favorable attributions about our ingroups than our outgroups. His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. What Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . They are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but nonetheless biased, unfair, and disrespectful to a belief in equality. The process of pursuing our full potential is what he called the actualizing tendency. Neither realized, however, that Sabina needed the car only in the early evening and that Pablo needed it only in the late evening. Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism. Use each of these words in a sentence that reflects the word's meaning in the chapter. the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses. This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened.

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