kassites in the bible

The texts are unclear about who the Apiru/Hapiru/Habiru people are. Remnants of two Kassite glass beakers were found during the 1964 excavation in a (c. 800 BC) destruction layer of Hasanlu, in northwest Iran. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. 437-478, Malko, Helen. The Kassites ( / ksats /) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1595 BC and until c. 1155 BC ( middle chronology ). G. del Monte and J. Tischler, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der hethitischen Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 6, Wiesbaden, 1978. Easily See 6017 Years of Biblical and World History Together! But the Kassites resumed control of Babylonia thanks to Elamite pressure and a successful Babylonian rebellion. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The number of Kassite appellatives is restricted (slightly more than 60 vocables, mostly referring to colors, parts of the chariot, irrigation terms, plants, and titles). 31-45, 47-73, 106-33. Museum, British. 8, line 46; 9, 41). P. Huber, P. Review of Gasche et al., Fall of Babylon, Archiv fr Orientforschung 46-47, 1999-2000, pp. J. Boese and G. Wilhelm, Aur-dn I., Ninurta-apil-Ekur und die mittelassyrische Chronologie, WZKM 71, 1979, pp. Kassites are recorded in Media during the first half of the first millennium BCE (see Zadok, 2002, pp. This article is available in print.Vol. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Tukulti-Ninurta I, who pursued an Assyrian expansionist policy, invaded Babylonia and deposed Katilia IV (1227-20 BCE), whom he took as prisoner to Assur. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. (Deuteronomy 12:31 NIV). Middle Babylonian documents from Nuzi have the form Ku-u-u (-h), i.e., with the Hurrian adjectival ending -e (Fincke, 1993, pp. The Kassites, who were an important force in the region from the 16th to the 12th centuries BCE, took up residence in Nippur centuries after the city was abandoned, and created the ancient map of Nippur. Required fields are marked *. Fourteen letters were exchanged between the pharaohs and two successive Kassite kings, Kadaman-Enlil I (1369-55 BCE) and Burnaburia II (1354-28 BCE). Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. 137 f.), namely, that Kassite is related to Elamite, is unlikely. The interest of the boundary stones for modern scholars is not only economic and religious but also artistic. Other revealing information is provided by the Amarna letters, which include correspondence from the Kassite Babylonian kings to the Egyptian pharaohs of the mid-fourteenth century BC. van Soldt Grammatical Irregularities in Middle Babylonian Texts and their Chronology 165 Helen Malko The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity 177 Odette Boivin The Palace as Economic Production . The Kushites are the Nilo-Saharan peoples who contributed their binary worldview to the ancient Afro-Asiatic world. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that this may be just an accident of documentation. How much longer should the Sun remain in its stable phase? 287-90. They later regained power yet would be defeated along with many other nations under King Nebuchadnezzar in the seventh century BC. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 421-436. Their communication with the authorities was facilitated by translators, who also acted as informers. The genealogies of the Bible reveal that intermarriage of the ruler-priests lines continued to the time of Jesus. It is either anachronistic, or a poor translation. Krishna was at once a Kurus, an Abhira, and a Yadava. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. 38, no. There were nearly thirty rulers who controlled Babylon under the reign of the Kassites, and they started with Agum II and ended with Enlil-nadin-ahi. The Kassite termini surviving in Akkadian are mainly from the realms of horse breeding and chariot building. Cushan-Rishathaim is mentioned in Judges 3:8 and God had used this ruler to punish his people for eight years before he releases them from his rule. This was followed by Dynasty II of Isin (1169-1039 b.c. (a)the invention of monotheism (b)implementing political reforms that harmed the majority of egyptians. J. Fincke, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Nuzi-Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 10, Wiesbaden, 1993. Under the later Kassite kings political authority was weakened as peripheral provinces detached themselves from effective state control (see Brinkman, 1963, pp. The longest lasting of several Babylonian dynasties, the Kassites held the region between the Tigris and Euphrates in what is now Iraq for over 400 years. 1496 BCE, i.e., just three years after its fall, if to rely upon the evidence of the texts from Tall Muammad (for their onomasticon, see Zadok, 1994, p. 48a; Sassmannshausen, 1999, pp. 6, no. 2, line 18; 10, 11.31.34). [28][29] A typical treaties include the EgyptianHittite peace treaty (c.1259 BC) and the treaty between the Kassite ruler Karaindash and the Assyrian ruler Ashur-bel-nisheshu (c. 1410 BC). Katiliau and the Sumundar Canal: A New Middle Babylonian Royal Inscription. "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Ura Temple E-Ibbi-Anum at Tell al-Deylam" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. Unfortunately, it is not certain whether or not this is a clear reference to Israel. B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. However, it should be remembered that there are many fewer texts from other parts of the Kassite state. 45-52. Babylonia was next invaded by the Kassites in the period 1550-1169 b.c. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. Kassites after the fall of the Kassite dynasty. Richardson (2002, p. 54) points out that southern Mesopotamian refugees were absorbed in the northern cities, whereas members of non-Mesopotamian population groups, such as Kassites, Elamites, and West Semitic semi-nomads (Suteans, Ahlamites) were diverted to rural establishments, such as encampments and fortresses. 4, 1965, pp. of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, JNES 15, 1956, pp. [3], The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even to the point of linking it to Sanskrit. 124, no. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. ). There was an intensive connection between the ruling dynasty and the city of Nippur. Babylonia was recognized as a great power by the other Near Eastern powers, namely, its neighbors and Egypt, according to the Amarna correspondence. S. F. C. Richardson, The Collapse of a Complex State: A Reappraisal of the End of the First Dynasty of Babylon, 1683-1597 B.C., Ph.D. The rulers of the successive three post-Kassite dynasties (ca. The fall of Babylon is reported by a number of ancient sources, including the Cyrus Cylinder, the Greek historian Herodotus, as well as a number of books in the Old Testament. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archologie, Daniel A. Nevez, 'Provincial administration at Kassite Nippur', Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassites&oldid=1137673460, States and territories established in the 16th century BC, States and territories disestablished in the 12th century BC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Son of Burnaburiash I, Grandson of Agum-Kakrime, Possible campaigns against "The Sealand" and "in Dilmun". "6. Copyright 2023 Wisdom-Advices | All rights reserved. Like the Sumeriancs, no one knows for sure where they came from. Submitted by Jan van der Crabben, published on 03 August 2011. - C., Burna-Buriash Ier ensures its . The Kassites were members of a small military aristocracy but were efficient rulers and locally popular, and their 500-year reign laid an essential groundwork for the development of subsequent Babylonian culture. Eight among the last kings of the Kassite dynasty have Akkadian names. Kassite period. The origin of the Kassites is uncertain, though a number of theories have been advanced. Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B. C.: The Documentary Evidence. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. However, I dont think that Ahmose IIs stele tells the story. Balkan (1968, p. 7) is of the opinion that between the king and the people there was a stratum of nobles, who mostly belonged to the royal family or the palace. Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. 685685, Malko, Helen. 45363, Koppen, Frans van. Kassite. 3, 1973, pp. 2, 2021, pp. The Kassites had also developed their unique style of poetry, architecture, medicine, sculpture, astrology and fortune telling. 3 And all the princes of the king of Babylon came in, and sat . D. R. Frayne, Old Babylonian Period(2003-1595 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Both sectors were based on the redistributive principle characteristic of Mesopotamian household organization (see Edens, 1994, p. 211). 129, Brinkman, J. MacGinnis, J. The documents reveal a centralized administration under the governor of Nippur and its province. 20, 2010, pp. 1-44, van Koppen, Frans. and ruled the area for 576 years. Many of them were integrated in the Babylonian social structure (De Smet, 1990, p. 10). The Sealand, which was ruled by another dynasty perhaps since the demise of Babylons rule in the south, was incorporated into Babylonia in ca. Remember that Hebrews existed before the Egyptian captivity. 65, no. 5 ff. Amarna a-an-har-ra, a-an-ha-ar (from Mitanni and Alashia), Hittite a-an-ha-ra(-az), Egyptian ngr, Old Testament nr < *amara (Old Babylonian gentilic Samhar), presumably a Kassite tribe, gave its name to Babylonia while it was occupied by the Kassites (see Zadok, 1984; cf. This region became increasingly unsafe, especially during the reign of Samsuditana, the last ruler of the Hammurabi dynasty. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Hittites, Kassites and Mitanni Children's Middle Eastern History Books, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. It does not store any personal data. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They were divided into three main tribes, the Bit-Dakkuri, the Bit-Amukani, and the Bit-Jakin, against whom the Assyrians waged war in the ninth century B.C. When the Kassites took over, they managed to forge political stability within the region, and they began to transform the southern Mesopotamian region into a unified territorial state. Museum, British. 49, no. 17-22. Les Kassites, un peuple antique qui n'tait ni indo-europen, ni smite, tait originaire du Lorestan. Iraq Museum, Terracotta plaque of a seated goddess, from Southern Mesopotamia, Iraq. [30] That ruler initiated significant building efforts in Ur and other southern Mesopotamia cities. 209-23. Idem, Materials and Studies for Kassite History, 1: A Catalogue of Cuneiform Sources Pertaining to Specific Monarchs of the Kassite Dynasty, Chicago, 1986. I; Chronicles conserning early babylonian Studies in Eastern History, II. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. 165-74. After Hammurabi, Babylon was taken by the Kassites who called the city Karanduniash. 211 f.). As for the meaning of Ahmose, I am no Egyptologist but I am fairly certain that his name means born of Iah (the moond god). The Kassite rulers encouraged the collection, codification, and canonization of Babylonian religious-literary texts. Ancient Babylon was an influential city that served as a center of Mesopotamian civilization for nearly two millennia, from roughly 2000 B.C. But a Bible verse got me back to reading the Bible again. Babylonia was divided into two kingdoms, that of the Kassites in the north and the Sealand in the south, including Uruk, Ur, and Larsa. The correspondence is mainly concerned with diplomatic marriages. Jesus is the culmination of His ancestors' expectation of the fulfillment of the Edenic Promise. Learn how your comment data is processed. Buried History, 51, 57-60. Balkan, 1954, pp. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Ruled the Babylonian Empire after Hammurabi and the First Babylonian Dynasty eBook : Charles River Editors: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store Following Hammurabi, the Kassites took over Elam and reigned till around . After these role models are gone, Israel has 15 Judges in this historical account. Hittite, member of an ancient Indo-European people who appeared in Anatolia at the beginning of the 2nd millennium bce; by 1340 bce they had become one of the dominant powers of the Middle East. See also IRAN vii. 88 f.). that the plagues mentioned in the Book of Exodus from the Hebrew Bible . W. Eilers, rev. H. Gasche, J. Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the valley of Jezreel.

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