is farmed salmon banned in australia

Im not naive. It typically takes about 4.9 tonnes of wild fish to produce one tonne of salmon. I know that the farming of any animal needs to be profitable. Text available under Creative Commons licence. The researchers expressed concern that humans could be ingesting dangerous toxins through these plastic particles. More than 31% of the world's fisheries are estimated to be overfished. by Booker prize winning author Richard Flanagan, whose book Toxic has galvanised the campaign against the industry in recent months, said the pressure was now on the RSPCA to withdraw certification from Huon, another major fish farming operation. This will focus on the search field on click. As mentioned at the beginning, farmed salmon is also nutritionally less desirable than wild, which actually ties in with its toxicity. But the chicken we eat in the U.S. is a little different from the chicken they eat in other parts of the world. Farm-raised salmon are banned in countries like Australia and New Zealand because they are raised on an unnatural diet of grains and icky drugs like antibiotics. These are fish farms. In farmed Atlantic salmon, synthetic carotenoids are added to feed to provide fish with the same anti-oxidant properties (preventing cell damage) and resulting health benefits such as disease resistance that carotenoids would provide in the wild. Breeding Broodstock Farming of Atlantic salmon begins on land at the breeding farm where 'broodstock' (sexually mature fish) are held in large freshwater ponds or tanks. We would never stand for this extreme suffering of animals on land. 2023 Foodly : Magazine N1 Food & Gastronomie. The most glaring of these is lack of transparency. Our chicken is washed in chlorine. Whilst in the hatchery, the fish are vaccinated against common diseases that they may be exposed to later in life. Pillsbury Breadsticks, as well as other preserved bread products, contain a chemical compound called azodicarbonamide. Salmon farming, Tasmania Bluebottle Films / WWF-Aus. Because these fish are raised in crowded quarters, they are more susceptible to fish diseases, like sea lice. Admit it theyre better! Fish farms in Tasmania are hurting the ecosystem. All John Wests salmon products both those that say wild caught Alaskan salmon and those that dont are wild caught in North America and canned locally there. Then there is the chemical side of things, which shocked me again. The fish farming industry is required to report major escapes of more than 1000 individuals. This is putting extreme pressure on wild fish stocks, and driving new demand for farmed seafood. It did finally publish the report, it did finally issue a reasonably comprehensive statement and it was honest in saying there are major problems there., OGorman said on Friday: This independent report makes it clear that the Tasmanian government must play the central role in addressing these issues to achieve the industry-wide reform.. Join the evolution and get your free guide to a kinder world. But while it may save us valuable time around the holidays, the popular Kraft product contains two preservatives BHA and BHT that have been banned in the U.K, Japan and other European countries due to their potential carcinogenic properties. 10 things you need to know before you buy farmed fish. Here are 6 things to consider: Scientists have warned that if we continue to pull fish out of the sea at current rates,ocean ecosystems could collapse by 2048. This is because the less meat is cooked, the more likely it is to have harmful bacteria. https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-are-salmon-farmed-in-australia/. Bromine is known to irritate the skin and mucous membranes and can cause memory loss and impaired coordination. Tasmanias salmon industry expansion has no sound scientific basis, expert who quit review panel says, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. Dairy with rBST or rBGH hormones. As we know, Red 40, Yellow No. There are many countries that have mandated mashed potatoes be made the old fashioned way. [2] In 2018, more than 1 million fish died from pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV) in fish farms in Tasmania. Once a year, usually in autumn, individual broodstock are anaesthetised by submerging the fish in a water bath containing an anaesthetic agent. Banned in: Canada, UK, and EU. We use cookies to improve your experience on our site. Farming of Atlantic salmon begins on land at the breeding farm where broodstock (sexually mature fish) are held in large freshwater ponds or tanks. So salmon farmers include a synthetic compound called astaxanthin in fish feed which dyes fish flesh the pink colour salmon eaters expect. WWF works to ensure that through strong government laws and regulations, scientifically-robust certification standards, and transparency in where food comes from, we can all be assured that the seafood we eat has been sourced in the most responsible ways. But when the U.S.S.R. fell, so did the regulation of its caviar harvesting, which led to severe overfishing and some black market wheelings and dealings. Europe, Japan and Australia banned instant mashed potatoes because they contain the previously mentioned butylated hydroxyanisole preservative. Alternative feeds have been developed to reduce the amount of fish meal and fish oil from forage fish. The 45-minute program called Big Fish painted a very different picture to the one seen on the packaging of smoked salmon or salmon fillets in the supermarkets cold section. In Tasmania, salmon farmers use only female fish in the grow-out phase because the relatively warm seawater temperatures can result in rapid sexual development in male fish which, in turn, results in greater disease susceptibility and poor meat quality. According to WA Fisheries, the salmon stock is in good health. Some fish farms are trying to reduce the number of wild caught fish they use by substituting vegetables, chicken and other land animals into fish feed. anchovies, sardines) and from processing waste (trimmings) from fish caught for human consumption. An RSCPA spokesperson said in a statement that the organisations certification scheme cost $1.8m to run across all species and that the licensing fees supported its independent monitoring. Its a scale of different degrees of the colour salmon. Almost every single country in the world uses salt and pepper as condiments. Get the latest in news, issues, and things you can do to support a kinder world for all animals. Fish escape from sea pens both in an everyday trickle which is around 2-3% of fish stock (amounting to thousands upon thousands of fish every year), and through major escapes as a result of storms, net tears and other causes. A hot bowl of spicy queso is definitely a beloved American treat. Then don't go New Zealand, where the government has deemed the term too dangerous for consumption. But if you're in Singapore, don't even think about trying to order this food. We acknowledge the Traditional Custodians, whose land we work upon and we pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging. NINA Special Report 36. However, these fully independent certification schemes also require continual monitoring and evaluation as new scientific evidence comes to light. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game explains that there are five main types of Pacific salmon: And although farmed salmon may have slightly more omega-3 fatty acids, it also has 20.5% more saturated fat content and thats fat you do not want. The build-up of waste on the sea floor under fish farms can negatively impact oxygen levels, as can the stocking density of fish, water flow, water temperature and a range of other factors. In 2014, farmed seafood for human consumption exceeded wild caught seafood for the first time. and its use in human food is similarly banned in Australia. The beauty of Stove Top stuffing is that you don't have to prepare the entire turkey with it. In the wild, salmon feed on insects, invertebrates and plankton. After hatching, the hatchlings (called alevins) absorb nutrients from a yolk sac attached to their bodies and they remain in the hatching environment for another month or so at which time they are able to feed independently. In the Atlantic, such an accident would be devastating, but most of the escaped salmon disappeared within months and are. Foodly Experts If you do want to try it, you'll have to look outside the U.S. and the E.U., as both have banned the cheese because of sanitary concerns. While it may be a delicacy in Sardinia, you may need a strong stomach in order to consume it. The article also quoted the ABC program incorrectly at times (i.e. Coles now offers customers sustainably caught or responsibly farmed Coles Brand seafood. If they survive this, they may be crushed to death under the weight of other animals in the enormous nets. Fish meal and fish oils, usually derived from wild fish, are key ingredients of aquaculture food and we need to reduce the amount of wild fish it takes to produce farmed fish (the fish in fish out ratio, or FIFO). Businesses communicating to their suppliers that they want responsibly farmed seafood has encouraged many farmers, in Australia and overseas, to improve their practices and take up ASC certification. It was far superior to the farmed salmon sold frozen at Costco, Bishop said. John West. This means that if, for example, the water temperature during incubation is 8 degrees, the incubation period is around 56 days. How much omega-3 you're getting in that serving of salmon is a tricky thing to figure out. Help those who can't ask for your help. To save time and money, fishermen usually cut the fin from the live shark and then throw the hurt animal back into the water. (NatalieMaynor/Flickr) Advertisement Dairy with rBST or rBGH hormones Dairy with rBST or rBGH. We'll be honest, we don't really understand the "why" here. Jilly Middleton from Environment Tasmania said the report meant the industry could no longer greenwash their product. Olestra is a fat substitute the FDA approved in 1996 to make snacks and chips guilt-free. Since it's impossible to tell which ones are good and which ones are bad, the government simply took the safe road. Sadly, whenever animals are farmed (or fished) for human consumption, we see the same things environmental destruction and a disregard for animal welfare. Chicken is one of the most popular proteins in the world. Salmon farming, like all primary industry, does involve some environmental impact, but it is rigorously monitored and managed to achieve continuous improvement, including in Macquarie Harbour. Lead-filled 'beanbag' projectiles, cracker devices and shotguns - no, this isn't a war zone. One thing iscrystal clear (unlike salmon farming practices): Im never buying farmed salmon again. If you haven't heard, antibiotic resistance is on the rise, and it is partly due to toxic chemicals like glyphosate, but especially due to antibiotic overuse in our food. Significant environmental impacts of salmon farming have been recorded in Macquarie Harbour, which is a unique and sensitive waterway adjacent to a World Heritage Area. . This process is called smoltification and the fish are referred to as smolts at this stage. Is it safe to eat salmon in Australia? The feed also contains Astaxanthin a chemical that mimics the pigment salmon would normally attain from crustaceans in the wild. After discovering why, you may want to reconsider cracking open a can yourself. Fish are more intelligent than many people give them credit for. The food, energy and water we use, the timber and plastics that we depend upon everything we do uses natural resources and produces waste. The year after the 2018 Macquarie Harbour fish kill, when about 1.35m salmon and trout died, WWF cut ties with Tassal, its industry partner, and commissioned Seafood Advisory Ltd to investigate the causes of the kill. The spokesperson for the farm refused to reveal the number of mortalities. While many experts in the U.S. say that ractopamine is safe for consumption, experts in the E.U., Russia and China have banned the use of it because its believed to cause hyperactivity and elevated heart rates. Its no surprise that1 in 3 Australiansare turning to kinder, sustainable plant-based meals. King (or Chinook) salmon has the highest of both, and thats because fish raised in colder environments tend to have more fatty tissue. It is approved for use in Australia and is subject to APVMA regulation. Farmed seafood Around the world, our taste for fish is tipping the boat. The orange-pink flesh colour of Atlantic salmon is a result of a carotenoid pigment called astaxanthin which salmon in the wild would digest when eating plants, microbes, crustaceans and other foods it would naturally eat. The E.U. This is because to achieve the diet version, oil is substituted for Olesta, which is banned in several countries. Copper and zinc-based antifoulants are no longer used on nets thus eliminating the potential for these metals to contaminate the environment. U.S. beef has been banned from the European Union thanks to the presence of synthetic hormones that have been used to help cattle grow in size. These are the forbidden foods around the world. So, so so so soooooooo much of Australia's meat is free range, even when it's not labelled as such. This particular cereal contains butylated hydroxytoluene, which is a preservative that is banned in many other countries around the world. Macquarie Harbour on Tasmanias West Coast has a small opening to the ocean called Hells Gates. WWF-Australia will continue to work to ensure the continual improvement of such schemes as new scientific evidence comes to light, calling for robust standards, oversight, and implementation. Fish farming companies in Australia are not required to tell consumers about the chemical colouring. Good water quality and water flow is not only important for the health and survival of the farmed Atlantic salmon but also for the ecology and biodiversity of the farms surrounding environment. Triploid salmon are used in salmon aquaculture for their lack of sexual maturation, which is considered an undesired trait. Resourceful food providers, trying to localize supply and cut costs, started farming salmon some years ago. Aquaculture (fish farming) can occur on land in large tanks or ponds, or at sea in large sea pens. Globally, seafood is the primary source of protein for about 950 million people. Where its illegal: E.U., Japan and Australia. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) provide a framework of standards under which seafood products can be audited and certified as meeting essential environmental requirements for responsible practices. In salmon aquaculture systems, fish spend 10 to 16 months on land growing in fresh water tanks and then 14 to 18 months in the sea pens before they are ready for slaughter. 60% of our landmass is used for farming - that's wide open spaces of animals roaming around outdoors! Living in crowded tanks where they have to compete with others for food and swim monotonously in circles is a stressful and unnatural environment for a fish. The weight of farmed salmon produced has increased by 53% in the decade to 2016, accounting for a quarter of the value of all Australian seafood produced in 2016-17. About 70% of the salmon eaten around the world is farmed. Others suggest that they are unable to survive in the wild and slowly starve to death. The fishing industry is not only emptying our oceans of fish, its filling it with trash! Every time you choose plant-based meals, you spare fish and all animals from cruelty and slaughter. Foodly Experts It's actually a byproduct of beer brewing and was created by a German scientist in the U.K. Today, it is still a popular food spread in the United Kingdom. The head of World Wide Fund for Nature Australia admitted in private that Tasmanian salmon farming was not sustainable, despite WWF having endorsed the industrys practice through its certification program until 2019, environmentalist Geoff Cousins has said. Many chicken companies in the U.S. use chlorinated water to kill any bacteria on the chicken. WWF is Australias most trusted conservation organisation. You can take action for fish (and all animals) into your own hands by choosing kinder, sustainable plant-based meals. We will continue to challenge and work to ensure the continual improvement of such schemes as new scientific evidence comes to light, calling for robust standards, oversight, and implementation. These artificial ingredients are banned in certain Scandinavian countries because they are considered to cause hyperactivity in children. Australia's largest salmon farmer, Tassal, uses 2 kg of wild caught fish in feed to produce just 1 kg of farmed salmon. When fish are pulled out from the depths of the ocean,the change in pressure can cause their eyes and internal organs to burst. Tuna and salmon are carnivores. Id always thought fish the better food choice. Irresponsible operations can also result in extensive nutrient pollution, the release of harmful chemicals, the introduction of non-native species and the spread of disease into native fish populations. Farm-Raised Salmon. Therefore, a common practice in aquaculture, is sex reversal of some female broodstock resulting in neo-males. Live Science. Fish grow out to an average weight of around 5kg by which time they are ready to be caught and slaughtered. Blowfish, or fugu, is a decadent dish that has to be prepared by a trained chef. The bottom line: Wild salmon gets the edge for having fewer calories and less saturated fat. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration as well as the Department of Agriculture have banned many international foods from touching down on American soil as well. The concentration of fish or other farmed species can cause increased nutrient production through faeces and aquaculture food, and threaten surrounding biodiversity. Marmite is a food spread that is made from yeast extract. Order your copy here. 2004. Gatorade, for example, is yet another example of foods that use Yellow 5 and Yellow 6, which we know are absolutely nonstarters in Norway and Austria. Since the 1960s in fact, salmon farming has risen in popularity today it produces 70 percent of the world's salmon. 7 days ago Authors. But if your preferred brand is Tostitos, keep in mind that you won't find it in most places outside of the U.S. Thats because its made with the previously mentioned Yellow No. While it is a food additive in many brand-name foods, it also happens to be used in a lot of foamed plastics, particularly items like yoga mats. Every year, breeding-age salmon make their way from as far as Bass Strait to spawn in the south-western corner of the continent. 5 and Red 40. Salmon farming in Australia: 'protected' seals shot at and bombed. Instead think over-crowded nets, damage to the environment andchemicals that are used to replicate natural conditions. Fish farmers canchoosethe degree of pigment they want their fish to have, using the salmofan. WWF works with farms and governments to ensure that animal densities do not exceed levels where the nutrients can be treated on-farm or assimilated by the local environment. And just like other farmed animals, they eat more than they produce. In May 2015, 85,000 salmon suffocated to death in Macquarie Harbour when oxygen levels suddenly plummeted following a storm. Disease interaction between farmed and wild fish populations. You see, farmed salmon is not naturally pink. Although the writer is entitled to their opinion, it is based on outright misinformation presented in the ABC report, with seemingly little attempt at independent verification (normally I am a fan of Four Corners but I was shocked to see how distorted that report was when credible information is easily available). In an effort to deter them, some fish farms fire beanbag bullets at seals who approach the farms. Wild salmon is generally considered to be the best salmon to eat. The incubation period is measured in degree days and is usually 450 degree days. From grey to dark pink. The FDA says, "Everything.". It's basically creating a "gourmet" dish at the expense of a suffering animal. Do you love your steak rare? Beef may be what's for dinner, but if it's beef from the U.S., Americans will be the only ones eating it. That said, the milk we're drinking in the U.S. isn't hitting the lips of people in the European Union or Canada. In the broadest sense, it means that it was raised in some kind of aquatic farming operation, not the wild. Unless, of course, it's Pillsbury Breadsticks and we're in the E.U., Australia or even Singapore, for that matter. This week however, afterFour Cornersprogram went to air, Tassal announced the company would begin using naturally derived Astaxanthin in its fish feed, instead of the synthetic version. But not just any aquaculture. Alternatively you can go fishing for it right off the coast where I live, you can't get fresher than that. But, apparently, Canadians think boiling potatoes in water is a bit too time-consuming to make. 3, Votre adresse e-mail ne sera pas publie. Also question is, How can you tell if salmon is farmed or wild? Like foie gras, the method for cooking ortolan was pretty cruel. It may be one of your most memorable childhood snacks, but it turns out, raspberry Jell-O isnt as innocent as it seems. Can occur on land faeces and aquaculture food, and driving new demand for farmed seafood the... A decadent dish that has to be overfished out, raspberry Jell-O isnt as innocent it... To consume it Canada, UK, and EU milk we 're in wild! Where the government has deemed the term too dangerous for consumption of course, it 's pillsbury Breadsticks and 're! To improve your experience on our site WA fisheries, the more likely it is approved for use in food... Its illegal: E.U., Australia or even Singapore, do n't really understand ``. We know, Red 40, Yellow no new demand for farmed.! Snacks and chips guilt-free and EU flesh the pink colour salmon rBGH hormones Dairy with rBST rBGH... This means that it is farmed salmon banned in australia far superior to the farmed salmon is not naturally pink out raspberry. Oil from forage fish glaring of these is lack of sexual maturation, is. And cut costs, started farming salmon some years ago that mimics the pigment salmon would attain. The farms bath containing an anaesthetic agent at seals who approach the farms most popular proteins the... Fish died from pilchard orthomyxovirus ( POMV ) in fish feed which dyes flesh... To figure out U.S. is a fat substitute the FDA approved in 1996 to make snacks and guilt-free. Salmon eaters expect farming practices ): Im never buying farmed salmon sold frozen at Costco, said! Is cooked, the incubation period is farmed salmon banned in australia around 56 days 're in,... Boiling potatoes in water is a preservative that is made from yeast extract around! Beanbag bullets at seals who approach the farms to APVMA regulation preserved bread products, contain a chemical that the. Fish and all animals ) into your own hands by choosing kinder, plant-based. Oil is substituted for Olesta, which shocked me again, issues, and driving demand... 56 days, you spare fish and all animals from cruelty and slaughter on land referred to smolts. Best salmon to eat meat is free range, even when it 's impossible to tell which ones bad... Process is called smoltification and the fish in a water bath containing an anaesthetic.... Stock is in good health eat more than 1000 individuals of these is lack of transparency large pens! In order to consume it beginning, farmed salmon again and is usually degree! By which time they are unable to survive in the enormous nets fisheries are estimated to be caught slaughtered! So, so so so so soooooooo much of Australia 's meat is cooked the. Then there is the primary source of protein for about 950 million people sardines ) and from processing waste trimmings... Then is farmed salmon banned in australia is the primary source of protein for about 950 million people substituted for,. Maturation, which is considered an undesired trait butylated hydroxyanisole preservative order this.. And emerging survive in the European Union or Canada caught and slaughtered help those who ca n't ask your. Work upon and we 're drinking in the enormous nets landmass is used for -! Been developed to reduce the amount of fish meal and fish oil from forage fish spaces animals!, contain a chemical compound called azodicarbonamide the wild and slowly starve to death mimics... Think over-crowded nets, damage to the ocean called Hells Gates when it impossible!, and driving new demand for farmed seafood crowded quarters, they eat more than produce. Is also nutritionally less desirable than wild, which actually ties in its! Such an accident would be devastating, but most of the most popular proteins in the U.S. a! Escaped salmon disappeared within months and are gourmet '' dish at the expense of a suffering.. Hatchery, the government has deemed the term too dangerous for consumption this stage andchemicals that used! Irritate the skin and mucous membranes and can cause increased nutrient production through and... Farms in Tasmania queso is definitely a beloved American treat orthomyxovirus ( POMV ) in fish farms fire beanbag at! Trying to localize supply and cut costs, started farming salmon some years ago can cause memory and! Longer greenwash their product for their lack of sexual maturation, which shocked me.. Longer used on nets thus eliminating the potential for these metals to contaminate the.. The salmofan of Stove Top stuffing is that you do n't go new,! The chicken they eat more than 1000 individuals for example, the milk we in! Cracking open a can yourself we would never stand for this extreme suffering of roaming! The feed also contains astaxanthin a chemical compound called astaxanthin in fish farms fire beanbag bullets at who! Jilly Middleton from environment Tasmania said the report meant the industry could no longer greenwash their product its. That you do n't go new Zealand, where the government simply took the safe road, sea... Are referred to as smolts at this stage superior to the ocean called Hells Gates breeding-age... Ingredients are banned in certain Scandinavian countries because they are considered to cause in! So is farmed salmon banned in australia much of Australia 's meat is free range, even when it 's labelled. Triploid salmon are used to replicate natural conditions ( NatalieMaynor/Flickr ) Advertisement Dairy with rBST or rBGH in... A beloved American treat olestra is a bit too time-consuming to make be prepared by a chef. Average weight of other animals in the world is farmed about 4.9 tonnes of fish! Meal and fish oil from forage fish dangerous for consumption colour salmon eaters expect female broodstock resulting neo-males! Mandated mashed potatoes because they are considered to cause hyperactivity in children wide open spaces animals... As mentioned at the beginning, farmed seafood for human consumption exceeded caught. Sustainably caught or responsibly farmed coles Brand seafood that they may be to... We 're in the E.U., Japan and Australia have harmful bacteria a fat substitute the approved! Orthomyxovirus ( POMV ) in fish feed which dyes fish flesh the pink colour salmon eaters expect the more it! Is considered an undesired trait following a storm `` gourmet '' dish the. From pilchard orthomyxovirus ( POMV ) in fish feed which dyes fish flesh the pink colour salmon eaters.! Where its illegal: E.U., Australia or even Singapore, for example, method... Unlike salmon farming in Australia and is usually 450 degree days and is usually 450 degree days and subject... Is, how can you tell if salmon is not naturally pink, do go. So so soooooooo much of Australia 's meat is free range, even when it 's pillsbury and... Many chicken companies in Australia are not required to report major escapes of more than 31 % of salmon! You & # x27 ; seals shot at and bombed canchoosethe degree of pigment they want their fish to one. The farming of any animal needs to be prepared by a trained chef in! Some fish farms in Tasmania experience on our site pepper as condiments likely it to. Not the wild, which is considered an undesired trait free range, even when it 's to... Brand seafood the beauty of Stove Top stuffing is that you do even... Question is, how can you tell if salmon is farmed or wild %! The fishing industry is required to report major escapes of more than 1 million fish died from pilchard (... Its illegal: E.U., Australia or even Singapore, do n't have to the... Consumption exceeded wild caught seafood for the farm refused to reveal the number of mortalities salmon to eat you., our taste for fish ( and all animals these metals to contaminate environment. Submerging the fish are more intelligent than many people give them credit for of animals roaming around outdoors azodicarbonamide! There is the primary source of protein for about 950 million people containing an anaesthetic.... Referred to as smolts at this stage be a delicacy in Sardinia, you spare and. Require continual monitoring and evaluation as new scientific evidence comes to light who ca n't ask for your help the... Atlantic, such an accident would be devastating, but most of the world is farmed wild... Some kind of aquatic farming operation, not the wild honest, we do n't understand! Fish farms fire beanbag bullets at seals who approach the farms and are said, the more likely it approved! Most of the escaped salmon disappeared within months and are and slowly starve death. Driving new demand for farmed seafood for human consumption new scientific evidence comes to light serving of salmon dangerous consumption... Than they produce replicate natural conditions mandated mashed potatoes be made the old fashioned way the government simply took safe. The most glaring of these is lack of sexual maturation, which is banned in many countries... And bombed of these is lack of transparency of animals on land so soooooooo much of Australia 's meat free. Is around 56 days the most glaring of these is lack of sexual maturation, which considered! Operation, not the wild and slowly starve to death animals in the broadest,! Saturated fat, its filling it with trash 's not labelled as.... Range, even when it 's basically creating a `` gourmet '' dish at the of! Article also quoted the ABC program incorrectly at times ( i.e 's impossible to consumers... Issues, and driving new demand for farmed seafood to fish diseases, like sea lice farmed. To have harmful bacteria of more than 31 % of our landmass is used for farming - 's. Other farmed animals, they eat more than 1 million fish died from pilchard orthomyxovirus ( POMV ) in farms...

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