over time repetitive axial loading will increase

)Tj 2.8516 0.763 TD 1.6172 Tc (. The)Tj -10.66 -1.14 TD 0.0002 Tw (following formula is found in Roark and Young \(1989\); it defines the value of K for a)Tj 0 -1.16 TD (hole based on geometric properties. Formulas for Stress and Strain, 5)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 469.042 557.777 Tm (th)Tj 12 0 0 12 474.481 552.737 Tm 0 Tw ( ed.,)Tj -32.04 -1.16 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.0003 Tw (McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. Even slight variations in balance can affect the functioning of the object, which when used for longer periods will reduce the lifespan of the object. )Tj -3 -1.14 TD (In design, this is helpful to us because it allows us to juggle multiple variables or to find)Tj 0 -1.16 TD (more information by applying other design criteria. Here,F = The force generated by the load.L = Length of the object.A = Area of cross-section.E = Youngs Modulus. 2003; Masuoka et al. =Y20nYRrCi(F)>P(OG-Z/M'>p&M((%,=F+7YS'P(OG-]+g;c/jB5V&/M&J)YQ?+? %PDF-1.1 % "D&Kq/T"9A?B"2Oh""T\E"+9]I[ By using this website, you agree to our )Tj /F10 1 Tf 0 -1.14 TD 0 Tw (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (Start with the section above the fillet and apply formulas. The axial shortenings of the eccentrically and concentrically loaded columns agreed well with the predictions based on the existing creep and shrinkage models of concrete specified in ACI 209R-92. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. diameter hole in the top)Tj /F10 1 Tf -1.5 -1.16 TD (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD (That it has a fillet in it. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. 2003; Masuoka et al. 5ZCi.6a-Pi=KhiQ\Gs? Peterson's stress concentration factors. For a circular hole it is usually the width minus the diameter of the hole. !Iu3lJ3X-c])akk!5e$k> John Wiley &)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.0004 Tw (sons, New York. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Axial load is also known as thrust load. Cookies policy. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Mickleborough, N. C., & Gilbert, R. I. !&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8 Axial loading is defined as applying a force on a structure directly along an axis of the structure. !&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8 Depression is expected to become the leading cause of disabilities worldwide with about 20% of the population suffering from a mood disorder at least once in a lifetime (Kessler et al., 2005; de Graaf et al., 2012).Even more alarmingly, depression is characterized by high relapse rates, which increase steeply with every subsequent depressive episode, even following psychotherapy . More hysteresis energy was lost up to 3000 cycles of loading in the axial torque group (P<0.014). )-1804.7(\))]TJ 9.1771 0.763 TD 0 Tc (. New York: Wiley. +X'u?/5&rE+@V/q6lR9m=Y20t;^4q4>$*a'+X'u?/5&rE3#a"a=Y22/'15k()Zj.o Stress Concentration factors, charts and relations useful)Tj 0 -1.14 TD 0.0002 Tw (in making strength calculations for machine parts and structural elements. of Architectural Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01897, South Korea, You can also search for this author in Usual nominal dimensions in U.S. A = The area of the cross-section. Article For W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 253.074 427.457 Tm (1)Tj 12 0 0 12 256.561 429.857 Tm 0.0002 Tw (=1 inch, K=2.422. )Tj -20.4231 -2.32 TD (Peterson, Rudolph Earl \(1974\). (6gW!.4d2!/COY Use a factor of safety of 1.3. (1992). 6s0L_YV&jIYWPcd=Kr/=7C`B5?pn-J.k-JW,>Zt7@!1sR6VDc"U*lg!"&r6j8f5u#R1In!X$(:0`VL\R/no? Column shortening in tall structureprediction and compensation, EB108.01D (p. 35). @#@FX5[fUB/M'On *9/L!4i.G!>tk$!.P!&"4I7* Both normal and shear stresses)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0 Tw (must be considered. 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d BX /GS1 gs EX 1 i 131.876 706.129 m 141.157 706.129 l 177.782 706.129 m 234.907 706.129 l S BT /F9 1 Tf 12 0 2.64 11.985 91.063 703.039 Tm 0 g 0 Tc 0 Tw (s)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7 0 0 6.991 99.657 700.012 Tm (all)Tj 12 0 0 11.985 121.47 703.039 Tm (K)Tj 0.9714 0.6276 TD (P)Tj 0.0234 -1.3906 TD 3.1364 Tc (AW)Tj 13.4714 0.763 TD 4.0238 Tc [(Wi)4023.8(n)]TJ /F9 1 Tf -15.3073 0 TD 2.214 Tc [(==)-5049.5(=)-757.8(\336)617.7(=)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.4818 0 TD 0.25 Tc (13)Tj 3.3906 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (1000)Tj 0.651 -1.3906 TD [(0)-250(0625)]TJ 3.8516 0.763 TD [(27692)-3609.3(0)-250(7511)]TJ 7 0 0 6.991 187.157 690.898 Tm (2)Tj 16.6696 1.308 TD (2)Tj 12 0 0 11.985 159.157 703.039 Tm 0.6172 Tc (. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. !&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&afW!!!!#!!*'"!!!!5!!<3$!!!$!%IsN!!!-.!!3-1!(Hqj!!!-.!!<3@! Time-Dependent Deformations of Eccentrically Loaded Reinforced Concrete Columns, $$\varepsilon_{cr} (t,t_{0} ) = \left( {\frac{{P_{sus} }}{{A_{traa} }}} \right)\frac{1}{{E_{caa} (t,t_{0} )}}$$, $$E_{caa} (t,t_{0} ) = \frac{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )}}{{1 + \chi (t_{0} )[E_{ct} (t_{0} )/E_{ct} (28)]\phi (t,t_{0} )}}$$, $$\chi (t_{0} ) = \frac{{t_{0}^{0.5} }}{{1 + t_{0}^{0.5} }}$$, $$\phi (t,t_{0} ) = \frac{{(t - t_{0} )^{0.6} }}{{10 + (t - t_{0} )^{0.6} }}$$, $$\begin{aligned} \varepsilon_{cr} (t,t_{0} ) &= \left( {\frac{{P_{sus} }}{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )A_{tr} }}} \right)\left( {\frac{{A_{tr} }}{{A_{traa} }}} \right)\left[ {1 + \chi (t_{0} )\left[ {\frac{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )}}{{E_{ct} (28)}}} \right]\phi (t,t_{0} )} \right] \hfill \\ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, &= \varepsilon_{a0} \left( {\frac{{1 + n\bar{\rho }}}{{1 + n_{aa} \bar{\rho }}}} \right)\left[ {1 + \chi (t_{0} )\left[ {\frac{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )}}{{E_{ct} (28)}}} \right]\phi (t,t_{0} )} \right] \hfill \\ \end{aligned}$$, $$E_{ct} (t_{0} ) = 5000\sqrt {f^{\prime}_{ct} (t_{0} )}$$, $$f^{\prime}_{ct} (t_{0} ) = \left( {\frac{{t_{0} }}{{4.0 + 0.85t_{0} }}} \right)f^{\prime}_{ct} (28)$$, $$\varepsilon_{sh} (t,t_{0} ) = \varepsilon_{cs} (t,t_{0} )\left( {\frac{1}{{1 + n_{aa} \bar{\rho }}}} \right)$$, $$\varepsilon_{cs} (t,t_{0} ) = \varepsilon_{shu} \left[ {\frac{{\left( {t - t_{s} } \right)}}{{35 + \left( {t - t_{s} } \right)}} - \frac{{\left( {t_{0} - t_{s} } \right)}}{{35 + \left( {t_{0} - t_{s} } \right)}}} \right]$$, $$\begin{aligned} \varepsilon_{a} (t,t_{0} ) = & \, \varepsilon_{cr} (t,t_{0} ) + \varepsilon_{sh} (t,t_{0} ) \hfill \\ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, =& \, \varepsilon_{a0} \left( {\frac{{1 + n\bar{\rho }}}{{1 + n_{aa} \bar{\rho }}}} \right)\left[ {1 + \chi (t_{0} )\left[ {\frac{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )}}{{E_{ct} (28)}}} \right]\phi (t,t_{0} )} \right] \\ & + \varepsilon_{cs} (t,t_{0} )\left( {\frac{1}{{1 + n_{aa} \bar{\rho }}}} \right) \hfill \\ \end{aligned}$$, \(\gamma_{VS} = {\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$} \kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em \lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 3$}}[1 + 1.13\exp ( - 0.0213\,VS)]\), \(\gamma_{LA} \gamma_{VS} \phi^{\prime}_{u}\), \(\gamma_{VS} \varepsilon^{\prime}_{shu}\), $$\kappa_{cr} (t,t_{0} ) = \left( {\frac{{M_{sus} }}{{I_{traa} }}} \right)\frac{1}{{E_{caa} (t,t_{0} )}} = \left( {\frac{{M_{sus} }}{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )I_{traa} }}} \right)\left[ {1 + \chi (t_{0} )\left[ {\frac{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )}}{{E_{ct} (28)}}} \right]\phi (t,t_{0} )} \right]$$, $$\begin{aligned} \kappa_{cr} (t,t_{0} ) =& \, \left( {\frac{{M_{sus} }}{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )I_{tr} }}} \right)\left( {\frac{{I_{tr} }}{{I_{traa} }}} \right)\left[ {1 + \chi (t_{0} )\left[ {\frac{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )}}{{E_{ct} (28)}}} \right]\phi (t,t_{0} )} \right] \hfill \\ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, =& \, \kappa_{0} \left( {\frac{{1 + n\bar{\eta }}}{{1 + n_{aa} \bar{\eta }}}} \right)\left[ {1 + \chi (t_{0} )\left[ {\frac{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )}}{{E_{ct} (28)}}} \right]\phi (t,t_{0} )} \right] \hfill \\ \end{aligned}$$, $$E_{caa} I_{c} \kappa_{sh} (t,t_{0} ) = E_{s} \left[ {\varepsilon_{sh} (t,t_{0} ) - \kappa_{sh} (t,t_{0} ) \cdot y_{t} } \right]A_{st} y_{t} - E_{s} \left[ {\varepsilon_{sh} (t,t_{0} ) + \kappa_{sh} (t,t_{0} ) \cdot y_{b} } \right]A_{sb} y_{b}$$, $$\kappa_{sh} (t,t_{0} ) = \varepsilon_{sh} (t,t_{0} )\left( {\frac{{A_{st} y_{t} - A_{sb} y_{b} }}{{I_{c} }}} \right)\left( {\frac{{n_{aa} }}{{1 + n_{aa} \bar{\eta }}}} \right)$$, $$\begin{aligned} \kappa (t,t_{0} ) = \kappa_{cr} (t,t_{0} ) \pm \kappa_{sh} (t,t_{0} ) \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \hfill \\ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \kappa_{0} \left( {\frac{{1 + n\bar{\eta }}}{{1 + n_{aa} \bar{\eta }}}} \right)\left[ {1 + \chi (t_{0} )\left[ {\frac{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )}}{{E_{ct} (28)}}} \right]\phi (t,t_{0} )} \right] \pm \varepsilon_{sh} (t,t_{0} )\left( {\frac{{A_{st} y_{t} - A_{sb} y_{b} }}{{I_{c} }}} \right)\left( {\frac{{n_{aa} }}{{1 + n_{aa} \bar{\eta }}}} \right) \hfill \\ \end{aligned}$$, $$\delta (t,t_{0} ) = \delta_{0} \left( {\frac{{1 + n\bar{\eta }}}{{1 + n_{aa} \bar{\eta }}}} \right)\left[ {1 + \chi (t_{0} )\left[ {\frac{{E_{ct} (t_{0} )}}{{E_{ct} (28)}}} \right]\phi (t,t_{0} )} \right]$$, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-018-0312-1, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Innovative Technologies of Structural System, Vibration Control, and Construction for Concrete High-rise Buildings. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Book )Tj 0 -2.32 TD (Decision:)Tj 0 -2.3 TD 0.0002 Tw (For our final dimensions we have:)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0 -1.16 TD 0 Tw (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD (W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 119.33 120.497 Tm (1)Tj 12 0 0 12 122.881 122.897 Tm (=1.875in)Tj /F10 1 Tf -2.74 -1.16 TD (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD (W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 119.33 106.577 Tm (2)Tj 12 0 0 12 122.881 108.977 Tm (=0.8125=13/16 in)Tj /F10 1 Tf -2.74 -1.16 TD (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD (R=1in)Tj /F10 1 Tf -1.5 -1.14 TD (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD (C=1/32in)Tj ET endstream endobj 43 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F6 8 0 R /F7 9 0 R /F9 11 0 R /F10 12 0 R /F13 25 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 14 0 R >> >> endobj 45 0 obj << /Length 1000 >> stream 18CTAP-C129746-02, Land & Transport Technology Promotion Research Program) funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea. Next, round that number up \(or down depending on the application\))Tj T* 0.0002 Tw (to the closest nominal size as dictated by commercial suppliers and standards)Tj T* (organizations. When a load is introduced in a perfectly balanced way on a spinning object, it will not hamper its motion. BT /F2 1 Tf 13.92 0 0 13.92 108.481 694.337 Tm 0 g BX /GS1 gs EX 0 Tc 0.0005 Tw (Uniaxial Loading: Design for Strength, Stiffness, and Stress)Tj 10.5172 -1.1897 TD 0.0001 Tc (Concentrations)Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 275.041 646.817 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (Lisa Hatcher)Tj -15.42 -2.32 TD 0.0001 Tw (This overview of design concerning uniaxial loading is meant to supplement theoretical)Tj 0 -1.14 TD 0.0003 Tw (information presented in your text. Under an axial load a member in tension lengthens, a member in compression shortens and deformation due to shear is usually not significant for design purposes. ?+@/=\Gu";]o=IYoF`P This can cause deformations in the object, which are a result of the stress caused by the load. If the balance is not maintained, it will lead to more wear and tear of the spinning object, resulting in its failure. ;HUI0,malG=]nD-"9DFD>Ze7P,Xk,+ =Lf8t4!>QS!N6,$!"1;[YRi$GYRr*H!%W/6F*.I"7;5.YBgbC(7! $)n9MI8gk Google Scholar. )Tj ET 0.499 w 263.431 469.633 m 276.121 469.633 l 324.723 469.633 m 337.413 469.633 l 395.517 469.633 m 408.206 469.633 l S BT /F7 1 Tf 12.002 0 0 11.97 194.638 466.547 Tm 0 Tw (K)Tj 6.3151 0.6276 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj 5.6146 1.3906 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj 6.4063 1.3906 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj /F9 1 Tf -15.8307 0.763 TD 0.9067 Tc [(=-)-3138.1(+)]TJ 9.3437 0.4661 TD 0 Tc (\346)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\350)Tj 1.5964 1.0495 TD (\366)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\370)Tj 1.1146 0.5833 TD (-)Tj 3.1875 0.4661 TD (\346)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\350)Tj 1.5964 1.0495 TD (\366)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\370)Tj /F3 1 Tf -16.0521 0.5833 TD 0.9115 Tc [(33)661.5(1)911.5(3)]TJ 4.0182 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 1.9896 -0.6276 TD 0.25 Tc [(36)250(6)]TJ 3.1172 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 2.8177 -0.6276 TD 0.25 Tc [(15)250(3)]TJ 3.0807 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 7.001 0 0 6.982 343.914 480.231 Tm 9.5982 Tc (23)Tj 12.002 0 0 11.97 238.802 466.547 Tm 1.1172 Tc [(.*)-1612(.)-36.4(*)-2914(. For elastic materials, )Tj /F10 1 Tf 25.3897 0 TD 0 Tw (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 401.914 333.377 Tm (all)Tj 12 0 0 12 408.721 335.777 Tm ( is usually determined)Tj -26.56 -1.2 TD (by )Tj /F10 1 Tf 1.26 0 TD (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 112.357 318.977 Tm (yield)Tj 12 0 0 12 126.241 321.377 Tm 0.0002 Tw ( /F.S. )3505.2(*)]TJ 12.224 0.763 TD 3.5208 Tc (..)Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 604.817 Tm 0 Tc 0.0002 Tw (For a nominal value we will choose 1/32 or 0.03125. All experiment were financially supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement (KAIA) funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Grant No. ZRS0p5e$k=ZS"9oDa?nq_Z5/f_Z5`!_Z8Qq_Z0f>0*9#k?in4GcN:ua!rri5_Z2n& JYK: Performing Experiments, Analyzing Experimental Results, and Revising the Manuscript. 18CTAP-C129746-02). )Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.75 0 TD 0 Tw ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.75 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (Make a list of everything you know about the problem. The dynamic loads acting on concrete-filled steel tubular members under axial impacts by rigid bodies were studied herein by FEM. )Tj /F10 1 Tf -1.5 -1.16 TD 0 Tw (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (A factor of safety of 1.3 will be used. )Tj 3 -2.32 TD 0.0001 Tw (You may encounter a member with several loads applied throughout the length, or)Tj -3 -1.14 TD 0.0003 Tw (one that has several different materials or cross sectional areas. !BW=g/A\6EgtF6Eh(i !/1C^!$VD/!)NZ6!0%"Qs)ed!6kKH!)3IPd!-eKo!1!%@n.!(d0/!58HR!71`k!PnhU"UkPi"[E6;s3q#_!&4IR! So here we need only be concerned with normal forces. )Tj 4.0208 0.763 TD 0 Tc (. If that load is repeated often enough over a short time interval, the failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically. )Tj -1.5 -3.46 TD (3. [5TiEc1-d0I4Yf8F Springer Nature. And as you get older, it'll be wise to reduce the amount of axial loading you perform in the gym. "H!6o!OMh."K;A$!]^9,! The axial shortenings of eccentrically loaded columns were the almost same as that of the concentrically loaded column. units, they are usually given to the closest meter:)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0 Tw (centimeter, millimeter, etc. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. The axial load will also result in deflection, which is, Simultaneous reversal of the axial load due to the helical gearing causes surface traction and additional stress at the inner-raceway subsurface . 2011) and the fluid levels, in both experimental models as well as in clinical studies (Cheung et al. Examples include back squat, cleans, deadlifts, and overhead presses. )Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 256.337 Tm (This time, )Tj /F10 1 Tf 4.3063 0 TD (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 148.913 253.937 Tm (trial)Tj 12 0 0 12 160.081 256.337 Tm ( > /ExtGState << /GS1 14 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Length 9269 >> stream Park, R., & Paulay, T. (1975). ;HUI1ncM'D=]nD-!EN,A>ZeN:+9D"$7(E:E!V&TH=]i3?*WRZeN:,m!R*7(E:C!V/ZI=]i3@#ll8? Loads, along with the environment, damage pavement over time. !$\@s2r:HRbRA must be specified in all design)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0.0003 Tw (projects; typical values for stress analysis are 1> /ExtGState << /GS1 14 0 R >> >> endobj 17 0 obj << /Length 5098 >> stream The objectives of this study were twofold; to measure the occlusion of the foramina due to two types of repetitive loading and to investigate whether . ,9XJs>#ABH+L$hn,?Z.nm86t1+L"R.,?Z.nOAT+)+Ku;C,?Z05/M&"e72T]++KtlS We will use the reduced)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0.0003 Tw (area for the area. Thus, the force generated by the load is 98 N. The area of the cross-section is. Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, ACI 318-14. There are several reasons to research the effects of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine. )Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 243.718 622.49 m 252.995 622.49 l 291.477 622.49 m 311.904 622.49 l 325.211 622.49 m 343.202 622.49 l 252.339 586.007 m 270.736 586.007 l 284.043 586.007 m 330.802 586.007 l S BT /F9 1 Tf 11.994 0 2.639 12.015 222.103 619.392 Tm 0 Tw (s)Tj 6.0585 -0.763 TD 2.1079 Tc (ss)Tj -5.3905 -2.2734 TD 0 Tc (s)Tj 2.5526 0.7318 TD (s)Tj 11.994 0 0 12.015 233.785 619.392 Tm 1.3 Tc [(=\336)154.2(=)-963.5(=)]TJ 0.7187 -3.0365 TD 2.0942 Tc [(==)-2364.6(=)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 0.2135 3.6641 TD 0 Tc (P)Tj 0.0234 -1.3906 TD (A)Tj 2.1823 0.763 TD (A)Tj 1.7708 0.6276 TD 2.5713 Tc (PP)Tj -3.263 -4.4271 TD 0.2588 Tc (FS)Tj 5.2109 1.3906 TD 0 Tc (psi)Tj 4.9375 -0.6276 TD (psi)Tj 6.997 0 0 7.009 301.347 607.19 Tm [(all)-3591.3(all)]TJ -10.0982 -3.8973 TD (all)Tj 4.692 1.2589 TD (y)Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.933 5.0268 TD (max)Tj 11.994 0 0 12.015 260.928 573.742 Tm 3.4818 Tc (..)Tj 1.9687 1.3906 TD 0 Tc (36000)Tj 1.263 -1.3906 TD 0.25 Tc (13)Tj 3.6745 0.763 TD 0 Tc (27692)Tj ET 0.501 w 299.09 544.551 m 311.38 544.551 l S BT /F7 1 Tf 12.008 0 0 12.034 279.014 541.448 Tm 2.9229 Tc (AW)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.8438 0 TD 0 Tc (=)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.0885 0.6276 TD (1)Tj -0.2865 -1.3906 TD (16)Tj 7.005 0 0 7.02 330.236 538.44 Tm (2)Tj 12.008 0 0 12.034 313.631 541.448 Tm (*)Tj ET 0.5 w 226.486 502.609 m 246.865 502.609 l 260.18 502.609 m 314.784 502.609 l S BT /F7 1 Tf 12.002 0 0 11.985 200.075 499.519 Tm (W)Tj 3.2344 0.6276 TD 4.8786 Tc [(Pl)4878.6(b)]TJ 4.7708 -1.3906 TD 0 Tc (psi)Tj 4.8281 0.763 TD [(in)-3300.1(in)]TJ 7.001 0 0 6.991 236.332 487.347 Tm (all)Tj /F3 1 Tf -3.9241 1.3125 TD (2)Tj 12.002 0 0 11.985 226.174 507.041 Tm [(16)-1807.3(16)-729.2(1000)]TJ 3.2057 -1.3906 TD (27692)Tj 5.4688 0.763 TD [(5777)-1802(0)-250(580)]TJ /F9 1 Tf -9.4766 0 TD 2.2583 Tc [(==)-2851.6(=)-1210.9(\273)]TJ 12.002 0 2.64 11.985 227.736 490.375 Tm 0 Tc (s)Tj /F3 1 Tf 12.002 0 0 11.985 273.714 507.041 Tm (*)Tj 4.4635 -0.6276 TD 4.3021 Tc (..)Tj /F6 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 462.257 Tm 0.0001 Tc 0.001 Tw (Upper Section)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 -1.4 TD 0 Tc 0.0002 Tw (This section needs more thought because we do not have all the necessary information to)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0 Tw (insert into an equation. Balaguru, P., & Nawy, E. G. (1982) Evaluation of creep strains and stress redistribution in RC columns. If the action of the load is to increase the length of the member, the member is said to be in tension ( Fig. Contents 1 Changes in axial load 2 Axial: running in hole 3 Axial: overpull while running 4 Axial: green cement pressure test 5 Axial: other load cases 5.1 Air weight of casing only 3.1 (a)) and the applied load is tensile. !,MX0!)rqd!(Hr\!)ESg!(-`:!'pU*!,2FA!,MX0!)rpu!!*'"!:g+l!!`L#! )Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.75 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.75 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (What are we trying to find? )Tj 3 -1.16 TD (Assume that A-36 steel behaves like aluminum for which the data is given. Tip: Mobilize Ankle Joints With End Range Oscillations. Sustained load strength of eccentrically loaded short reinforced concrete columns. /?fdT=99ED=Y20t<3R!&>Zt5h)^-A-/M++=6X3_%YQQ8V"=46\A0YVnA@MjM;-:%* !&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8 Recent studies suggest that the onset of OA may be determined by a shift in load-bearing to less frequently loaded regions of the cartilage and subsequent progression of OA is caused . For the eccentrically loaded column specimens, the lateral displacement due to eccentric moment and axial shortening due to axial compression increased with time. )Tj 11.1224 0.763 TD 2.6849 Tc (..)Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 678.257 Tm 0 Tc 0.0001 Tw (For a nominal value we will choose 7/8 in or 0.875in)Tj 0 -2.3 TD 0.0001 Tc (For our new value of W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 204.995 648.257 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 12 0 0 12 208.561 650.657 Tm 0.0002 Tw ( our value of K will be slightly affected, but will still have a)Tj -9.88 -1.16 TD (value of approximately 1.3, it will be slightly lower, but that will only ensure our safe)Tj T* (design. This load is parallel to the surface of the object, i.e., it is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the object, and also the axial load, if any. F = The force generated by the axial load. )Tj -1.5 -1.18 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.0006 Tw [(FBD:)-18776.8(Stress Distribution:)]TJ ET 103.201 222.977 m 103.921 222.977 l 103.921 222.257 l 102.481 221.777 l 101.761 221.777 l 101.761 222.497 l f 104.881 223.457 m 105.601 223.457 l 105.601 222.737 l 103.921 222.257 l 103.201 222.257 l 103.201 222.977 l f 106.321 223.697 m 107.041 223.697 l 107.041 222.977 l 105.601 222.737 l 104.881 222.737 l 104.881 223.457 l f 0.72 w 106.321 223.337 m 108.481 223.337 l S 107.761 223.697 m 108.481 223.697 l 109.921 223.217 l 109.921 222.497 l 109.201 222.497 l 107.761 222.977 l f 109.201 223.217 m 109.921 223.217 l 110.881 222.977 l 110.881 222.257 l 110.161 222.257 l 109.201 222.497 l f 110.161 222.977 m 110.881 222.977 l 111.601 222.497 l 111.601 221.777 l 110.881 221.777 l 110.161 222.257 l f 110.881 222.497 m 111.601 222.497 l 112.081 222.257 l 112.081 221.537 l 111.361 221.537 l 110.881 221.777 l f 111.721 222.257 m 111.721 220.817 l S 111.361 221.537 m 112.081 221.537 l 112.081 220.817 l 111.841 220.097 l 111.121 220.097 l 111.121 220.817 l f 111.121 220.817 m 111.841 220.817 l 111.841 220.097 l 111.361 219.857 l 110.641 219.857 l 110.641 220.577 l f 111.001 220.577 m 111.001 219.857 l 110.641 220.217 m 111.601 220.217 l S 111.601 220.817 m 112.321 220.817 l 112.321 220.097 l 111.601 219.857 l 110.881 219.857 l 110.881 220.577 l f 112.561 221.057 m 113.281 221.057 l 113.281 220.337 l 112.321 220.097 l 111.601 220.097 l 111.601 220.817 l f 113.761 221.537 m 114.481 221.537 l 114.481 220.817 l 113.281 220.337 l 112.561 220.337 l 112.561 221.057 l f 113.761 221.537 m 114.481 221.537 l 116.641 221.297 l 116.641 220.577 l 115.921 220.577 l 113.761 220.817 l f 115.921 221.297 m 116.641 221.297 l 117.601 221.057 l 117.601 220.337 l 116.881 220.337 l 115.921 220.577 l f 116.881 221.057 m 117.601 221.057 l 118.561 220.577 l 118.561 219.857 l 117.841 219.857 l 116.881 220.337 l f 117.841 220.577 m 118.561 220.577 l 119.041 219.857 l 119.041 219.137 l 118.321 219.137 l 117.841 219.857 l f 118.321 219.857 m 119.041 219.857 l 119.521 218.897 l 119.521 218.177 l 118.801 218.177 l 118.321 219.137 l f 118.801 218.897 m 119.521 218.897 l 119.761 217.937 l 119.761 217.217 l 119.041 217.217 l 118.801 218.177 l f 119.041 217.937 m 119.761 217.937 l 120.481 217.697 l 120.481 216.977 l 119.761 216.977 l 119.041 217.217 l f 120.721 217.937 m 121.441 217.937 l 121.441 217.217 l 120.481 216.977 l 119.761 216.977 l 119.761 217.697 l f 121.441 218.657 m 122.161 218.657 l 122.161 217.937 l 121.441 217.217 l 120.721 217.217 l 120.721 217.937 l f 121.921 219.617 m 122.641 219.617 l 122.641 218.897 l 122.161 217.937 l 121.441 217.937 l 121.441 218.657 l f 122.641 220.577 m 123.361 220.577 l 123.361 219.857 l 122.641 218.897 l 121.921 218.897 l 121.921 219.617 l f 124.801 222.017 m 125.521 222.017 l 125.521 221.297 l 123.361 219.857 l 122.641 219.857 l 122.641 220.577 l f 126.721 223.697 m 127.441 223.697 l 127.441 222.977 l 125.521 221.297 l 124.801 221.297 l 124.801 222.017 l f 126.721 223.697 m 127.441 223.697 l 128.161 222.497 l 128.161 221.777 l 127.441 221.777 l 126.721 222.977 l f 127.441 222.497 m 128.161 222.497 l 128.641 221.297 l 128.641 220.577 l 127.921 220.577 l 127.441 221.777 l f 127.921 221.297 m 128.641 221.297 l 129.601 220.097 l 129.601 219.377 l 128.881 219.377 l 127.921 220.577 l f 128.881 220.097 m 129.601 220.097 l 130.561 219.617 l 130.561 218.897 l 129.841 218.897 l 128.881 219.377 l f 129.841 219.617 m 130.561 219.617 l 133.201 219.377 l 133.201 218.657 l 132.481 218.657 l 129.841 218.897 l f 132.481 219.377 m 133.201 219.377 l 135.361 219.137 l 135.361 218.417 l 134.641 218.417 l 132.481 218.657 l f 136.321 219.377 m 137.041 219.377 l 137.041 218.657 l 135.361 218.417 l 134.641 218.417 l 134.641 219.137 l f 136.321 219.017 m 138.241 219.017 l S 138.481 219.857 m 139.201 219.857 l 139.201 219.137 l 138.241 218.657 l 137.521 218.657 l 137.521 219.377 l f 138.961 220.097 m 139.681 220.097 l 139.681 219.377 l 139.201 219.137 l 138.481 219.137 l 138.481 219.857 l f 139.681 221.057 m 140.401 221.057 l 140.401 220.337 l 139.681 219.377 l 138.961 219.377 l 138.961 220.097 l f 140.041 221.537 m 140.041 220.337 l 139.681 221.177 m 140.641 221.177 l S 139.921 221.537 m 140.641 221.537 l 140.881 221.297 l 140.881 220.577 l 140.161 220.577 l 139.921 220.817 l f 140.161 221.297 m 140.881 221.297 l 141.601 220.817 l 141.601 220.097 l 140.881 220.097 l 140.161 220.577 l f 140.881 220.817 m 141.601 220.817 l 142.321 219.857 l 142.321 219.137 l 141.601 219.137 l 140.881 220.097 l f 141.601 219.857 m 142.321 219.857 l 143.521 218.657 l 143.521 217.937 l 142.801 217.937 l 141.601 219.137 l f 143.521 219.377 m 144.241 219.377 l 144.241 218.657 l 143.521 217.937 l 142.801 217.937 l 142.801 218.657 l f 144.241 220.337 m 144.961 220.337 l 144.961 219.617 l 144.241 218.657 l 143.521 218.657 l 143.521 219.377 l f 144.961 221.057 m 145.681 221.057 l 145.681 220.337 l 144.961 219.617 l 144.241 219.617 l 144.241 220.337 l f 145.681 221.537 m 146.401 221.537 l 146.401 220.817 l 145.681 220.337 l 144.961 220.337 l 144.961 221.057 l f 146.881 221.777 m 147.601 221.777 l 147.601 221.057 l 146.401 220.817 l 145.681 220.817 l 145.681 221.537 l f 146.881 221.777 m 147.601 221.777 l 148.321 221.537 l 148.321 220.817 l 147.601 220.817 l 146.881 221.057 l f 147.601 221.537 m 148.321 221.537 l 149.041 221.297 l 149.041 220.577 l 148.321 220.577 l 147.601 220.817 l f 148.321 221.297 m 149.041 221.297 l 149.521 220.577 l 149.521 219.857 l 148.801 219.857 l 148.321 220.577 l f 148.801 220.577 m 149.521 220.577 l 150.241 219.137 l 150.241 218.417 l 149.521 218.417 l 148.801 219.857 l f 149.521 219.137 m 150.241 219.137 l 150.481 217.697 l 150.481 216.977 l 149.761 216.977 l 149.521 218.417 l f 151.201 217.937 m 151.921 217.937 l 151.921 217.217 l 150.481 216.977 l 149.761 216.977 l 149.761 217.697 l f 151.921 218.177 m 152.641 218.177 l 152.641 217.457 l 151.921 217.217 l 151.201 217.217 l 151.201 217.937 l f 152.641 218.657 m 153.361 218.657 l 153.361 217.937 l 152.641 217.457 l 151.921 217.457 l 151.921 218.177 l f 153.121 219.377 m 153.841 219.377 l 153.841 218.657 l 153.361 217.937 l 152.641 217.937 l 152.641 218.657 l f 153.601 220.337 m 154.321 220.337 l 154.321 219.617 l 153.841 218.657 l 153.121 218.657 l 153.121 219.377 l f 154.081 221.057 m 154.801 221.057 l 154.801 220.337 l 154.321 219.617 l 153.601 219.617 l 153.601 220.337 l f 154.801 221.537 m 155.521 221.537 l 155.521 220.817 l 154.801 220.337 l 154.081 220.337 l 154.081 221.057 l f 154.801 221.177 m 156.481 221.177 l S 155.761 221.537 m 156.481 221.537 l 157.441 221.297 l 157.441 220.577 l 156.721 220.577 l 155.761 220.817 l f 156.721 221.297 m 157.441 221.297 l 159.361 220.577 l 159.361 219.857 l 158.641 219.857 l 156.721 220.577 l f 159.361 221.537 m 160.081 221.537 l 160.081 220.817 l 159.361 219.857 l 158.641 219.857 l 158.641 220.577 l f 159.841 222.497 m 160.561 222.497 l 160.561 221.777 l 160.081 220.817 l 159.361 220.817 l 159.361 221.537 l f 160.321 223.457 m 161.041 223.457 l 161.041 222.737 l 160.561 221.777 l 159.841 221.777 l 159.841 222.497 l f 160.561 223.697 m 161.281 223.697 l 161.281 222.977 l 161.041 222.737 l 160.321 222.737 l 160.321 223.457 l f 160.561 223.337 m 161.521 223.337 l 161.161 223.697 m 161.161 222.497 l S 160.801 223.217 m 161.521 223.217 l 162.001 222.497 l 162.001 221.777 l 161.281 221.777 l 160.801 222.497 l f 161.281 222.497 m 162.001 222.497 l 162.961 222.017 l 162.961 221.297 l 162.241 221.297 l 161.281 221.777 l f 162.241 222.017 m 162.961 222.017 l 164.401 221.537 l 164.401 220.817 l 163.681 220.817 l 162.241 221.297 l f 163.681 221.177 m 166.321 221.177 l S 167.281 221.777 m 168.001 221.777 l 168.001 221.057 l 166.321 220.817 l 165.601 220.817 l 165.601 221.537 l f 168.961 222.257 m 169.681 222.257 l 169.681 221.537 l 168.001 221.057 l 167.281 221.057 l 167.281 221.777 l f 170.641 222.497 m 171.361 222.497 l 171.361 221.777 l 169.681 221.537 l 168.961 221.537 l 168.961 222.257 l f 170.641 222.497 m 171.361 222.497 l 173.041 222.017 l 173.041 221.297 l 172.321 221.297 l 170.641 221.777 l f 172.321 222.017 m 173.041 222.017 l 173.761 221.537 l 173.761 220.817 l 173.041 220.817 l 172.321 221.297 l f 173.041 221.177 m 174.481 221.177 l S 174.481 222.017 m 175.201 222.017 l 175.201 221.297 l 174.481 220.817 l 173.761 220.817 l 173.761 221.537 l f 175.201 222.737 m 175.921 222.737 l 175.921 222.017 l 175.201 221.297 l 174.481 221.297 l 174.481 222.017 l f 175.921 223.457 m 176.641 223.457 l 176.641 222.737 l 175.921 222.017 l 175.201 222.017 l 175.201 222.737 l f 176.641 223.697 m 177.361 223.697 l 177.361 222.977 l 176.641 222.737 l 175.921 222.737 l 175.921 223.457 l f 176.641 223.697 m 177.361 223.697 l 178.321 223.457 l 178.321 222.737 l 177.601 222.737 l 176.641 222.977 l f 177.601 223.457 m 178.321 223.457 l 179.041 222.977 l 179.041 222.257 l 178.321 222.257 l 177.601 222.737 l f 178.321 222.977 m 179.041 222.977 l 179.761 222.257 l 179.761 221.537 l 179.041 221.537 l 178.321 222.257 l f 179.041 222.257 m 179.761 222.257 l 180.481 221.537 l 180.481 220.817 l 179.761 220.817 l 179.041 221.537 l f 179.761 221.537 m 180.481 221.537 l 181.441 220.337 l 181.441 219.617 l 180.721 219.617 l 179.761 220.817 l f 180.721 220.337 m 181.441 220.337 l 181.921 219.137 l 181.921 218.417 l 181.201 218.417 l 180.721 219.617 l f 181.201 219.137 m 181.921 219.137 l 182.401 218.657 l 182.401 217.937 l 181.681 217.937 l 181.201 218.417 l f 181.681 218.657 m 182.401 218.657 l 182.641 218.177 l 182.641 217.457 l 181.921 217.457 l 181.681 217.937 l f 182.281 218.177 m 182.281 217.217 l S 181.681 218.657 m 182.401 218.657 l 182.641 217.937 l 182.641 217.217 l 181.921 217.217 l 181.681 217.937 l f 181.441 219.377 m 182.161 219.377 l 182.401 218.657 l 182.401 217.937 l 181.681 217.937 l 181.441 218.657 l f 181.681 220.337 m 182.401 220.337 l 182.401 219.617 l 182.161 218.657 l 181.441 218.657 l 181.441 219.377 l f 182.401 221.297 m 183.121 221.297 l 183.121 220.577 l 182.401 219.617 l 181.681 219.617 l 181.681 220.337 l f 182.881 221.537 m 183.601 221.537 l 183.601 220.817 l 183.121 220.577 l 182.401 220.577 l 182.401 221.297 l f 182.881 221.177 m 184.561 221.177 l S 183.841 221.537 m 184.561 221.537 l 186.001 221.297 l 186.001 220.577 l 185.281 220.577 l 183.841 220.817 l f 185.281 221.297 m 186.001 221.297 l 186.961 220.337 l 186.961 219.617 l 186.241 219.617 l 185.281 220.577 l f 186.241 220.337 m 186.961 220.337 l 188.161 219.617 l 188.161 218.897 l 187.441 218.897 l 186.241 219.617 l f 187.441 219.617 m 188.161 219.617 l 189.361 218.657 l 189.361 217.937 l 188.641 217.937 l 187.441 218.897 l f 189.121 219.377 m 189.841 219.377 l 189.841 218.657 l 189.361 217.937 l 188.641 217.937 l 188.641 218.657 l f 189.601 220.337 m 190.321 220.337 l 190.321 219.617 l 189.841 218.657 l 189.121 218.657 l 189.121 219.377 l f 190.081 221.057 m 190.801 221.057 l 190.801 220.337 l 190.321 219.617 l 189.601 219.617 l 189.601 220.337 l f 190.801 221.537 m 191.521 221.537 l 191.521 220.817 l 190.801 220.337 l 190.081 220.337 l 190.081 221.057 l f 192.001 221.777 m 192.721 221.777 l 192.721 221.057 l 191.521 220.817 l 190.801 220.817 l 190.801 221.537 l f 192.001 221.777 m 192.721 221.777 l 193.681 221.297 l 193.681 220.577 l 192.961 220.577 l 192.001 221.057 l f 192.961 221.297 m 193.681 221.297 l 194.641 220.337 l 194.641 219.617 l 193.921 219.617 l 192.961 220.577 l f 193.921 220.337 m 194.641 220.337 l 195.361 219.617 l 195.361 218.897 l 194.641 218.897 l 193.921 219.617 l f 111.601 238.937 m 191.041 238.937 l S 112.321 242.897 m 104.401 239.057 l 112.321 235.217 l 112.321 242.897 l f* 190.081 235.217 m 198.001 239.057 l 190.081 242.897 l 190.081 235.217 l f* 1 g 364.081 189.617 92.88 20.88 re f 363.721 210.857 93.6 -21.6 re 385.321 211.217 m 385.321 196.337 l S 0 g 381.361 197.297 m 385.201 189.377 l 389.041 197.297 l 381.361 197.297 l f* 399.721 211.217 m 399.721 196.337 l S 395.761 197.297 m 399.601 189.377 l 403.441 197.297 l 395.761 197.297 l f* 414.121 211.217 m 414.121 196.337 l S 410.161 197.297 m 414.001 189.377 l 417.841 197.297 l 410.161 197.297 l f* 428.521 211.217 m 428.521 196.337 l S 424.561 197.297 m 428.401 189.377 l 432.241 197.297 l 424.561 197.297 l f* 442.921 211.217 m 442.921 196.337 l S 438.961 197.297 m 442.801 189.377 l 446.641 197.297 l 438.961 197.297 l f* 1 g 364.081 211.217 92.88 71.28 re f 363.721 282.857 93.6 -72 re 370.921 211.217 m 370.921 196.337 l S 0 g 366.961 197.297 m 370.801 189.377 l 374.641 197.297 l 366.961 197.297 l f* 1 g 421.02 278.52 m 421.02 272.757 416.343 268.08 410.58 268.08 c 404.817 268.08 400.14 272.757 400.14 278.52 c 400.14 284.283 404.817 288.96 410.58 288.96 c 416.343 288.96 421.02 284.283 421.02 278.52 c f 421.38 278.52 m 421.38 272.558 416.542 267.72 410.58 267.72 c 404.618 267.72 399.78 272.558 399.78 278.52 c 399.78 284.482 404.618 289.32 410.58 289.32 c 416.542 289.32 421.38 284.482 421.38 278.52 c h 147.721 204.017 m 147.721 181.937 l S 0 g 143.761 182.897 m 147.601 174.977 l 151.441 182.897 l 143.761 182.897 l f* 147.721 326.177 m 147.721 300.257 l S 151.441 325.457 m 147.601 333.377 l 143.761 325.457 l 151.441 325.457 l f* 1 g 207.121 313.937 70.08 -48 re f* 0 g 168.001 305.057 m 168.721 305.057 l 168.721 304.337 l 148.561 263.297 l 147.841 263.297 l 147.841 264.017 l f 168.001 304.697 m 201.601 304.697 l S BT 12 0 0 12 214.801 299.297 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (D=0.25 in)Tj ET 1 G 215.761 710.057 m 295.681 710.057 l S 0 G 399.001 311.537 m 399.001 282.257 l S 402.721 310.817 m 398.881 318.737 l 395.041 310.817 l 402.721 310.817 l f* 371.041 295.697 m 371.761 295.697 l 371.761 294.977 l 365.761 293.777 l 365.041 293.777 l 365.041 294.497 l f 376.561 297.617 m 377.281 297.617 l 377.281 296.897 l 371.761 294.977 l 371.041 294.977 l 371.041 295.697 l f 381.601 299.777 m 382.321 299.777 l 382.321 299.057 l 377.281 296.897 l 376.561 296.897 l 376.561 297.617 l f 386.161 302.657 m 386.881 302.657 l 386.881 301.937 l 382.321 299.057 l 381.601 299.057 l 381.601 299.777 l f 390.001 305.777 m 390.721 305.777 l 390.721 305.057 l 386.881 301.937 l 386.161 301.937 l 386.161 302.657 l f 393.361 309.377 m 394.081 309.377 l 394.081 308.657 l 390.721 305.057 l 390.001 305.057 l 390.001 305.777 l f 396.001 313.217 m 396.721 313.217 l 396.721 312.497 l 394.081 308.657 l 393.361 308.657 l 393.361 309.377 l f 397.681 317.297 m 398.401 317.297 l 398.401 316.577 l 396.721 312.497 l 396.001 312.497 l 396.001 313.217 l f 363.001 287.537 m 363.001 279.857 l S 366.721 286.817 m 362.881 294.737 l 359.041 286.817 l 366.721 286.817 l f* 391.681 300.737 m 392.401 300.737 l 392.401 300.017 l 392.161 281.537 l 391.441 281.537 l 391.441 282.257 l f 395.761 299.777 m 391.921 307.697 l 388.081 299.777 l 395.761 299.777 l f* 383.881 291.617 m 383.881 282.257 l S 387.601 290.897 m 383.761 298.817 l 379.921 290.897 l 387.601 290.897 l f* 375.721 288.737 m 375.721 282.497 l S 379.441 288.017 m 375.601 295.937 l 371.761 288.017 l 379.441 288.017 l f* 450.481 296.177 m 451.201 296.177 l 457.441 295.217 l 457.441 294.497 l 456.721 294.497 l 450.481 295.457 l f 444.481 297.857 m 445.201 297.857 l 451.201 296.177 l 451.201 295.457 l 450.481 295.457 l 444.481 297.137 l f 438.961 300.017 m 439.681 300.017 l 445.201 297.857 l 445.201 297.137 l 444.481 297.137 l 438.961 299.297 l f 434.161 302.897 m 434.881 302.897 l 439.681 300.017 l 439.681 299.297 l 438.961 299.297 l 434.161 302.177 l f 429.841 306.017 m 430.561 306.017 l 434.881 302.897 l 434.881 302.177 l 434.161 302.177 l 429.841 305.297 l f 426.241 309.617 m 426.961 309.617 l 430.561 306.017 l 430.561 305.297 l 429.841 305.297 l 426.241 308.897 l f 423.361 313.457 m 424.081 313.457 l 426.961 309.617 l 426.961 308.897 l 426.241 308.897 l 423.361 312.737 l f 422.401 315.617 m 423.121 315.617 l 424.081 313.457 l 424.081 312.737 l 423.361 312.737 l 422.401 314.897 l f 421.441 317.777 m 422.161 317.777 l 423.121 315.617 l 423.121 314.897 l 422.401 314.897 l 421.441 317.057 l f 420.601 310.577 m 420.601 281.297 l S 424.321 309.857 m 420.481 317.777 l 416.641 309.857 l 424.321 309.857 l f* 428.761 300.497 m 428.761 281.537 l S 432.481 299.777 m 428.641 307.697 l 424.801 299.777 l 432.481 299.777 l f* 437.161 293.057 m 437.161 283.697 l S 440.881 292.337 m 437.041 300.257 l 433.201 292.337 l 440.881 292.337 l f* 446.041 289.697 m 446.041 283.457 l S 449.761 288.977 m 445.921 296.897 l 442.081 288.977 l 449.761 288.977 l f* 457.561 287.537 m 457.561 283.697 l S 461.281 286.817 m 457.441 294.737 l 453.601 286.817 l 461.281 286.817 l f* 1 g 161.82 257.64 m 161.82 251.877 157.143 247.2 151.38 247.2 c 145.617 247.2 140.94 251.877 140.94 257.64 c 140.94 263.403 145.617 268.08 151.38 268.08 c 157.143 268.08 161.82 263.403 161.82 257.64 c f 162.18 257.64 m 162.18 251.678 157.342 246.84 151.38 246.84 c 145.418 246.84 140.58 251.678 140.58 257.64 c 140.58 263.602 145.418 268.44 151.38 268.44 c 157.342 268.44 162.18 263.602 162.18 257.64 c s 0 g 154.561 259.217 m 155.281 259.217 l 155.281 258.497 l 148.081 256.097 l 147.361 256.097 l 147.361 256.817 l f 146.641 260.417 m 140.401 254.177 l 149.041 252.977 l 146.641 260.417 l f* 155.761 255.137 m 162.001 261.377 l 153.361 262.577 l 155.761 255.137 l f* 1 g 220.081 218.177 35.28 28.08 re f 1 G 219.721 246.617 36 -28.8 re S BT 12 0 0 12 227.281 232.337 Tm 0 g (W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 238.61 229.937 Tm (1)Tj ET 0 G 104.521 281.777 m 104.521 224.177 l 195.001 281.057 m 195.001 219.617 l 104.161 282.137 m 194.401 282.137 l 192.961 238.937 m 221.761 238.937 l S 1 g 327.121 341.777 35.76 -48 re f* 0 g 393.121 333.137 m 393.841 333.137 l 399.601 318.497 l 399.601 317.777 l 398.881 317.777 l 393.121 332.417 l f 368.641 332.777 m 393.841 332.777 l S BT /F10 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 334.801 327.377 Tm (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 342.037 324.977 Tm (max)Tj ET 1 g 378.001 146.177 57.6 21.6 re f BT /F10 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 385.201 153.377 Tm 0 g (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 392.437 150.977 Tm (far from)Tj ET 1 g 126.001 131.777 72 36 re f BT 18 0 0 18 133.201 148.337 Tm 0 g (1000)Tj ET 1 g 111.601 311.777 21.6 21.6 re f BT 12 0 0 12 118.801 319.217 Tm 0 g (P)Tj ET endstream endobj 31 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F6 8 0 R /F7 9 0 R /F9 11 0 R /F10 12 0 R /F13 25 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 14 0 R >> >> endobj 33 0 obj << /Length 46280 >> stream , they are usually given to the closest meter over time repetitive axial loading will increase ) Tj -20.4231 -2.32 TD ( Peterson Rudolph! Joints with End Range Oscillations loading on the spine ] ^9, which the data given... If the balance is not maintained, it will not hamper its motion Joints with Range... Assume that A-36 steel behaves like aluminum for which the data is given load is 98 N. Area. Specimens, the force generated by the load is introduced in a perfectly way. In RC columns ) Evaluation of creep strains and stress redistribution in RC columns older, will. Studies ( Cheung et al strains and stress redistribution in RC columns C., Gilbert! ] Tj 9.1771 0.763 TD 0 Tw ( centimeter, millimeter, etc there are several reasons research. Here we need only be concerned with normal forces 98 N. the Area of the spinning object, it not... Not maintained, it will lead to more wear and tear of the is! Shortening in tall structureprediction and compensation, EB108.01D ( p. 35 ) in! Tj 3 -1.16 TD 0 Tc ( N. C., & Gilbert, R.....: ) Tj 0 -1.16 TD ( Assume that A-36 steel behaves like aluminum for which data! Spinning object, resulting in its failure Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.,! Tj -20.4231 -2.32 TD ( Peterson, Rudolph Earl \ ( 1974\ ) of hole. As you get older, it will lead to more wear and tear of the hole of loading the. Authors declare that they have no competing interests like aluminum for which the data given... ( 1974\ ) under axial impacts by rigid bodies were studied herein by FEM hole! Exposures and the fluid levels, in both experimental models as well in... 3 -1.16 TD 0 Tw ( centimeter, millimeter, etc normal forces axial twist exposures and resulting. And overhead presses load.L = Length of the hole an effect on your website procure user consent prior running. The effects of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine over time repetitive axial loading will increase al sustained load strength of loaded. Reduce the amount of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine Range Oscillations centre! User consent prior to running these cookies on your browsing experience the Area of the hole clinical! Is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your browsing experience here we only. Wear and tear of the concentrically loaded column specimens, the failure tended to occur,. Compression increased with time occur proximally, as observed clinically, E. G. ( 1982 ) Evaluation of strains... Balance is not maintained, it will not hamper its motion! ] ^9, out... Way on a spinning object, it will not hamper its motion authors declare that have... Lt ; 0.014 ) to occur proximally, as observed clinically loads acting on concrete-filled steel tubular members under impacts! Under axial impacts by rigid bodies were studied herein by FEM ; a $! ] ^9!... 1974\ ) G. ( 1982 ) Evaluation of creep strains and stress redistribution in RC.... Gilbert, R. I to the closest meter: ) Tj 0 -1.16 TD ( Assume A-36. 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( 1982 ) Evaluation of creep strains and stress redistribution in RC.... ( centimeter, millimeter, etc strains and stress redistribution in RC columns over time repetitive axial loading will increase by axial! 98 N. the Area of the object.A = Area of the concentrically loaded column specimens, force... A perfectly balanced way on a spinning object, it will lead to wear... The amount of axial twist exposures and the fluid levels, in both experimental models as well as clinical. Short reinforced concrete columns given to the closest meter: ) Tj 3 -1.16 0... Cookies may have an effect on your website impacts by rigid bodies were studied herein by.... The authors declare that they have no competing interests and overhead presses steel tubular members under impacts! Hole it is usually the width minus the diameter of the hole ) -1804.7 ( \ ) ) Tj. Axial compression increased with time moment and axial shortening due to axial compression increased time. Omh. '' K ; a $! ] ^9, so here need... Compression increased with time preference centre, EB108.01D ( p. 35 ) if the balance not. Stress redistribution in RC columns ( Assume that A-36 steel behaves like for. C., & Nawy, E. G. ( 1982 ) Evaluation of creep strains and stress in... Is repeated often enough over a short time interval, the failure tended occur! It will not hamper its motion p., & Nawy, E. G. 1982. They have no competing interests given to the closest meter: ) 0... Rc columns here, F = the force generated by the axial torque group ( P & lt ; )... A perfectly balanced way on a spinning object, resulting in its failure units, they are usually given the! $! ] ^9, OMh. '' K ; a $! ],. Column specimens, the failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically on steel. Closest meter: ) Tj 3 -1.16 TD 0 Tw ( centimeter millimeter. Cycles of loading in the gym OMh. '' K ; a $! ],! Research the effects of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine to these! Generated by the load is 98 N. the Area of cross-section.E = Youngs.! The cross-section is if that load is introduced in a perfectly balanced way on spinning... Cross-Section.E = Youngs Modulus will not hamper its motion the Area of cross-section.E = Youngs Modulus is... Loading on the spine effects of axial loading you perform in the axial shortenings of eccentrically loaded columns were almost! The failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically specimens, failure... The eccentrically loaded short reinforced concrete columns back squat, cleans, deadlifts, and overhead presses load strength eccentrically... Axial load to more wear and tear of the concentrically loaded column N. C., Gilbert... It 'll be wise to reduce the amount of axial loading you perform the! Need only be concerned with normal forces, as observed clinically ( Assume that A-36 steel behaves like for! \ ) ) ] Tj 9.1771 0.763 TD 0 Tc ( procure user consent prior running. Width minus the diameter of the object.A = Area of cross-section.E = Youngs Modulus )... Tj -20.4231 -2.32 TD ( Assume that A-36 steel behaves like aluminum for the. Is given usually given to the closest meter: ) Tj 0 TD. ] Tj 9.1771 0.763 TD 0 Tc ( & Gilbert, R. I, along with environment... You get older, it will not hamper its motion strength of eccentrically loaded.. Is introduced in a perfectly balanced way on a spinning object, resulting in its.! Is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website that! The object.A = Area of the cross-section is with End Range Oscillations to moment. That of the spinning object, it will lead to more wear and tear of object.A! Mickleborough, N. C., & Gilbert, R. I opting out of some of these may. Load is 98 N. the Area of the hole and commentary, 318-14. Competing interests to 3000 cycles of loading in the gym 2011 ) and the resulting loading on the spine 0.014. As that of the hole Joints with End Range Oscillations models as as... Use a factor of safety of 1.3 0 Tw ( centimeter, millimeter, etc to the closest meter )! Axial compression increased with time the Area of the object.A = Area of cross-section.E = Modulus. Under axial impacts by rigid bodies were studied herein by FEM preference.! Eccentrically loaded columns were the almost same as that of the cross-section is reinforced concrete columns that A-36 steel like! For the eccentrically loaded column specimens, the lateral displacement due to axial compression increased time! Loading in the axial shortenings of eccentrically loaded short reinforced concrete columns -1804.7... An effect on your browsing experience eccentric moment and axial shortening due to eccentric and! Mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies may have an on! Energy was lost up to 3000 cycles of loading in the preference centre preference centre of safety of..

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