lebanese death rituals

The Lebanese socialise around meals for long periods of time. [33] Among the upper classes, this pattern is not followed in most cases. Each person walks in the street carrying a palm leaf. -embraces a wide variety of approaches to the analytical study of the musics of the world, including indigenous methodologies, post-colonial, critical and queer perspectives and different indigenous methodologies. When a true believer is placed in his grave, the grave is expanded for him seventy cubits, strewn with sweet basil, and hung with silk. Doesnt he look wonderful? These and other things were said in a joyful spirit. It went in a second time, beheld the light, saw the whole dwelling and said, There is no pleasing sound here for me to listen to. It is generally understood from the best works of the mystics of the East that it was because of this circumstance that the Almighty created music. Aboriginal mortuary rites in Australia. And they say, Such a one, the son of such a one, calling him by the best names by which he was known in the world, till they reach the lowest region of heaven with him. Typically, people say prayers and scriptures during a wake, and often, they share special memories . Blessed is he to whom Allah gives provision of understanding, rouses from the slumber of heedlessness, and leads to ponder over the matter of his end. The wake is a death ritual commonly practiced in many cultures. The rituals differed but the king was taken through corridors, surrounded by high priests and a variety of elaborate things, and given the best burial a man could see. There is no running away from it. This is your day that you were promised., He will ask, And who are you? to which [the man] will reply, I am your evil deeds, whereat he will say, O Lord, let not the hour arrive. In this case, the funeral rites are administered next day as early as possible. If not, the marriage will is going up a slippery slope, so to speak. Let us, therefore, ask Allah to appoint us a good ending, to grant us an ending that is accompanied by a message of good tidings, for there is a message of good tidings from Allahexalted be Hefor the true believer when death comes to him, and it is the words of the Most High. [29] Unless death occurred at night. Then his soul is replaced in his body, and two angels [Munkar and Nakir] come to him and set him up, and say, And they say to him, What is the condition of the man who is sent down to you?, Then a voice comes from above saying, He lieth; therefore spread a bed of fire for him and open a door for him towards hell., Then the heat and hot winds of hell come to him, and his grave is made tight upon him, so as to squeeze his ribs. Every dead person was identified with Osiris and bore his name (the famous papyrus of Ani often mentions the dead scribe as Osiris-Ani). cAli reported that Muhammed saw the Angel of Death at the head of a man of the Ansar, so the Prophet said to him: Be gentle with my friend, for he is a true believer., He answered: Be of good cheer, O Muhammed, for I am gentle with every true believer. Some of the unbelievers said to him: You have been raising to life those who had but recently died and who maybe were not quite dead. My family has a home in a town where it lives, with a key and a door and locks. Call us at (858) 263-7716. Grant Building Next they wash the sides of the body, then the back and the rest of the body, gently, because life has just departed and the body is still warm and sensitive to pain. Funeral DancesLong Tradition.The tradition of a funeral dance in Egypt probably began in the Nagada II Period, as early as 3500 b.c.e. View this post on Instagram. Usually when a person is on the point of death, someone pours sharbat, [5] made of sugar and water, down his throat to facilitate the exit of the vital spark, and someone procures the holy water of the Zamzam well at Mecca. By Allah, though I died ninety years ago the bitterness of dying [19] has not left me till this moment. They must go on that day, carrying with them palm branches and palm leaves. Place bed to face Mecca where possible. They do not require the patient to read it himself, since at that time he is in a state of distress and not in a fit state of mind to repeat the Kalimah. Nothing beats trying to navigate the strange social . On the fortieth day, regardless of whether you are Muslim or Christian, the ritual begins again. -thinks across disciplinary boundaries; and You there! What does dying mean to Muslims? Islamic mourning rituals, which vary slightly by sect and location, provide comfort and strength for the family. This was highlighted in media reports of the death of Osama bin Laden. 7,000-25,000. They said: What is this? Syrian culture is greatly influenced by its high population of Sunni Muslims. Christians do the same. A video posted on the Internet shows the stoning of a woman accused of adultery in the Hama area in Syria. By keeping the straight course he means believing in Allah and in His Apostle, and standing firm in the faith, though others say that it means performing the required duties and avoiding things forbidden. Most Lebanese mark major life events, such as birth, marriage, and death, within the Islamic or Christian religious traditions. A life that has overflown with deviations and misdeeds for El-Marquis is ultimately finalized by bizarre and excessive rituals of a death ceremony and burial. [8] For this reason the Prophet said that the sooner a good man is buried, the more quickly he will reach heaven. There is segregation in Egyptian funeral rites. [9]. Then the angels carry it upwards and do not pass by any assembly of angels who do not ask whose filthy soul is this. Whenever a believer comes to die a messenger of good tidings (bashir) [18] will appear, bringing to him from Allahexalted be Henews of the good to which he is going, so there will be nothing for which he has greater loving desire than for the meeting with Allahexalted be Heand Allah will have a loving desire to meet with him. In the Catholic funeral tradition, there are multiple ceremonies in honor of the deceased. [19] Mararat al-mawt, the distress of death, has reference to one of the many expressions used for death-pains or the agony of death. Some of the influencers of Lebanese culture are Phoenicians, Assyrians, Romans, Ottoman Turks, Greeks, Persians, Arabs, and . Homes, sometimes very strange, and no doubt inspired by the tombs of the pharaohs are built. Note, these traditions may vary depending on the individual and their own beliefs. Lebanese culture is one of the most diverse cultures in the Arab region. [27] Sura LXXXIII, 79; in Arabic it means prison.. The traditional mourning period to honor and remember a deceased Muslim is three days. Allah here makes it clear that the one who speaks truth desires death, but the false speaker flees from death because of the evil of his works. In all cases, the death of an American citizen, whether resident or tourist in Lebanon, should be reported to the Embassy's Consular Section in Beirut. 7981. They answer such an one, the son of such an one, and they mention him by the worst names that he bore in the world, till they arrive with it at the lowest heaven, and call the door to be opened, but it cannot be done., Then the Prophet repeated this verse: The doors of the celestial regions shall not be opened for them, nor shall they enter into Paradise till a camel passes through the eye of a needle. They wash the corpse with warm or cold water, raising the body gently and rubbing the abdomen four or five times. In ancient Egyptian religion when a pharaoh came to the throne, the first thing he planned was his tomb. Light a candle, this represents a sacred held space or the start of the ritual/ceremony. Most examples presented are derived from the Holy Quran, the Hadith, and other Islamic texts. And a man with a hideous countenance comes to him shockingly dressed, of a vile smell, and he says, Be joyful in that which maketh thee miserable; this is the day that was promised thee., Then the dead man says, Who art thou? Some people even paint their windows black to show their distress and to express sorrow for the departure of a beloved relative or friend. To such the angels will descend (at death), and they will say to the angels: Man was created for death. Then the Angel of Death arrives, takes a seat at his head and says, O thou pernicious soul, come forth to Allahs discontent and wrath. Thereupon his soul is scattered through all his members and [the angel] drags it forth like the dragging of an iron spit through moist wool, tearing the veins and the sinews. This custom is deeply embedded among the Christians, whether educated or rural people. The sheer diversity of culture has made for an interesting group of people living together in one place. His spirit comes forth as easily as a hair from a batch of dough, and hears the words: O tranquil soul, return to your Lord, well-pleasing and well-pleased. We know something about the people of the Middle East, but we are not well acquainted with certain important cultural patterns of that area. For Muslims, burial is very simple, the same from Nasser to Sadat to the man in the street. The Dinki-Mini Jamaican dance has an African origin and the name originates from the Congolese word "nidingi" that means funeral song. It may be noted that the Guardian Angels are beings identified here with the Recording Angels, though generally they are kept distinct. Even as late as in Egyptian Christianity, some forms are still easily identified. It is opened to them and the chief personages in each heaven receive it and accompany it to that which lies beyond it, till finally they arrive with it at the seventh heaven. Hopefully this will serve to give you a better understanding of ways in which the traditions of the Middle East differ from those practiced in the United States, particularly among the Mormon people. Then the Angel of Death draws it out as hot spit is drawn out of wet wool. Four or five days before a sick mans dissolution, he makes his will in favor of his son or any other person in the presence of two or more witnesses and either delivers this will to others or retains it. Then the soul comes out, issuing like water from a bag, and the Angel of Death takes it; and when he takes it, the angels do not allow it to remain in his hands for the twinkling of an eye. The World of Music Loved ones do this as a sign of care and devotion. The left hand of the deceased is placed on the chest. Heaven and hell are there for good and bad people. Each part has its traditions and customs, and people may attend one or all . A rope is tied at the top of the head and another below the feet. Traditionally, the wake is a time for family and friends to keep vigil or watch over the body of a loved one prior to the funeral. Then a man with a beautiful face comes to him, elegantly dressed and perfumed, and he says, Be joyful in that which hath made thee so; this is the day which was promised thee., Then the dead person says to him, Who art thou, for thy face is perfectly beautiful., And the man replies, I am thy good deeds., Then the dead person cries out, O Lord, hasten the resurrection for my sake!. When he said: On your life before you die, he means that so long as man is alive he is capable of works, but when he is dead there is an end to his works. Sami A. Hanna, Death and Dying in the Middle East, in Deity & Death, ed. You will find many baskets full of bread. [He continued,] Then Allah will say, Write this record in sijjin, [27] then let his spirit be thrown out.. Photo credit: japantimes.co.jp. The meaning of disinclined when used in reference to Allahs relations with a man is that Allah puts the man far from His mercy, and wills his punishment. 2,000 Tyrians crucified on the beach by Alexander the Great 's army. To be honest, I expected to see the family of the deceased crying and screaming as in the Middle Eastern culture. [3] Italics added by the author. [Go on] to Allahs contempt and punishment. When his spirit has been drawn forth and placed in those coals, which hiss like boiling kettles, the cloth is folded over and sent with it to Sijjin.. Thus Allah has said: Flight will not benefit you at all if you are fleeing from death or being killed. So it is incumbent on each Muslim to make preparation for death before it comes. I have touched upon the attitudes and customs of various Middle Eastern cultures toward the inevitable mystery of death. The Prophet spoke clearly about the distress and bitterness of dying as a word of wholesome advice to his community. So if you attend a death ceremony of a practicing Hindu, it is likely the body will be cremated. A firm belief in life after death is a foundational truth in Islam. In the Quran, all Muslims are commanded to do well, to perform their Islamic duties, prayers, fasting, and all else. domesticated beasts] know what you know about dying you would never eat fat meat. [20]. [16] Hughes Dictionary of Islam, pp. Here we can see cultural interplay. Religion of Syria. Look how nice he is. Unfortunately, Apple's iOS doesn't support home screen shortcuts in the Chrome browser. Jeffery observes that Whosoever has a loving desire to meet with Allah is one whom Allah has a loving desire to meet. [17] He states that by meeting with Allah (he means death), the true believer is in such a state that he cannot be responsible for his faith; thus, he will be given the good news that Allah is well pleased with him and will grant him His Paradise. They cry out without interruption with no food, no drink all day until the body is prepared and washed and taken from the house to the burial place. In this, it provides scholars from a multiplicity of academic backgrounds a forum for the discussion of musics from around the world, their dynamics and their many meanings, manifested in a variety of ever changing forms ranging from highly particular and localized systems of musical thinking in traditional musics to global (musical) cultural flows and consumption. After shrouding is completed, these shreds are tied on the body: one band above the head, a second below the feet, and a third about the chest, leaving six or seven fingers breadth of cloth above the head and below the feet to permit the ends to be fastened. Although religious activity and behaviors (e.g., prayer) are not consistently associated with less death anxiety or grief, the integrity of specific religious beliefs may play a greater role (Fortner, Neimeyer, & Rybarczyk, 2000). [32] The Christians and Jews follow the same procedures, with some variations from one denomination to another. [12] A white sheet of cloth to cover the lower parts of the body. Nowadays in the Middle East the family of the deceased goes to the grave carrying a palm tree leaf to put on the grave instead of flowers. system, an inner piety or disposition, or ritual practices (Wulff, 1997). But such a procession lets everyone know that a funeral is taking place. Much of the Egyptian religious beliefs would show up in either culture in modified form but with a common theme as their basis. I trust, in this presentation, that you have received some valuable insights into death and dying as it relates to Egypt, Islam, and the Coptic faith. Professional female mourners are called in and the men receive their friends once more. Men only go outside. This is said to predict the success of the marriage. A camel symbolizes wealth among the villagers and when a camel dies naturally or disappears, its a great loss. Islamic mourning traditions provide ritual and structure for Muslims going through the process of grieving the loss of a loved one. July 9-11, 1860. Female relatives of the deceased return home where other women come to deliver their condolences. Stick dough on the door, Lebanon. Then they pour plenty of water on the corpse and wash off all the dirt and filth with soap, using flocks of cotton or cloth. The two great toes are brought in contact and fastened with a thin strip of cloth to keep the legs together. Flowers have long been considered as a thoughtful way to acknowledge sorrow and grief and to convey sympathy and condolences message. 185 Heber J. But when he was eight years old, his father . For Christians, we know where the dead are going. [16]. Surmah is applied to the eyes with a tent made of rolled up paper with a ring or with a pice. However, that can sometimes be overwhelming and having a baby is definitely one of those times. They spend Christmas and Easter in the tomb sitting in the home. When Muhammed made the statement above, people responded, But, O Apostle of Allah, we are all disinclined to die. He answered: That is not disinclination. His spirit is painfully dragged out, and hears the words, O thou pernicious soul, come forth displeased and displeasing. What makes death and dying so interesting is that its treatment varies from one country to another and from one culture to another. Black - sombre mourning. If you ever go to the Middle East and see a man wearing a black tie, that means he is in mourning. Like King Tut, whose funerary remains are moving around the United States these days, the body was mummified because the Egyptians wanted the body to still be alive in the tomb. The idea of paradisiacal clothing is also known among members of the Mormon faith. I dont know how they do it now, when a pound of coffee costs five dollars, but tradition requires that the family, whether poor or rich must serve black coffeevery thick and very fine. In his hand was a rod with which he kept digging in the ground. Born in 1942 in the mountain town of Bikfaiya, Bouchebel shared a home with his five siblings, parents, grandparents, aunts, and uncles. Death Care for the Dead Burial in Jewish Cemetery Mourning Practices Kaddish Tombstones. As many as five hundred to six hundred chairs have been set out to handle the crowds. Christians visit the tomb only on occasions like Christmas and Easter. In addition, as with the birth of a child, death and burial are still ways of bringing family and friends together. Then Ayishah said: Truly we all dislike death and consider it a great affliction. The Prophet replied: Thou dost not understand me. I located the mortuary and went there. An interesting story about death is narrated by Al-Bara ibn cAzib, one of the companions of the Prophet: I came out with the Prophet at the funeral of one of the assistants, and we arrived just at the grave, before they had interred the body, and the Prophet sat down, and we sat around him with our heads down, and were so silent that you might say that birds were sitting upon our heads. Maroun blames Lebanon's long civil war (1975-1990) and ensuing exodus from the country for the Lebanese loss of traditions. What have you done about giving Him His due?, What Allah has willed, answered the Prophet, And do you know death?. First, however, I would like to share with you my impressions, as a Middle Easterner, of my first experience with an American funeral, which took place in Salt Lake City. If a Christian dies in the Middle East, he is kept only until the undertaker arrives and takes care of the body. He does everything for the family. Its a tradition and to do so is very insulting. When the person (s) have put out the feelings, offer a word . The shroud for men is a special set of burial clothes: first, a lungi or izar [12] that reaches from the navel to the knees or ankle joints; second, a qamis or kurta or alfa, [13] that hangs from the neck to the knees or ankles; third, a lifafah [14] or sheet that extends above the head to below the feet. Then the Just and Most Holy God illuminated the body of Adam with lamps of light and commanded the spirit to re-enter. Encourage patient to continue daily prayers. The washers cover it with a cloth that reaches, for a man, from the navel to the calves of the legs, or for a woman, from the chest to the feet. Why do men wear black ties and women black garments? It is said to be a place in the uppermost heaven where the record of the righteous is kept. JacFar b. Burqan has related from Maymun B. Mihran that the Prophet said to a man, as he was exhorting him: From these five precepts a man can gather much wisdom; for a man is capable of works during his youth of which he is incapable in the years of his old age. Gamali means "my camel.". [4], Then God says, Write his history in Sijjin, which is the lowest earth; then his soul is thrown down with violence.. The Prophet continued: But when an unbeliever is drawing near to the next world and being cut off from this world, there descends to him from heaven angels whose faces are black, bringing with them hair-cloth, and take their seats just within his vision. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to consider how rituals can lose their extraordinary power when our sense of "normal" is shattered and remains shattered for years. Then what have you done in preparation for it? asked the Prophet. The culture of Lebanon is mostly middle eastern with a touch of European modernity. Death and dying are universal realities for all creations in every country and cultural area. Therefore, hes the camel of the family, symbolic of the endurance of the camel, capable of crossing many miles in desert without even a sip of water. Family Structure: . When I entered and approached the family, I was utterly shocked. Provo, UT 84602 For the Lebanese, the cake symbolizes fertility and is said to manifest sweetness for the couple's life together as newlyweds. Such a belief caused me to ponder and to ask myself why we receive death completely differently in the Middle East than in the West? Take turns at reading from the Quran via a tablet or if you are able to be by the bedside. 1. They make a big loaf of bread, and give it to poor peoplewho know that this is the day the Christians go to their tombs, and ask for it as charity. They ask him, Who is your Lord? and he replies, Alas, I know not., They ask him, And what is your religion? to which he again replies, Alas! There is another interesting sign of death and dying in the Middle East. When the family is endowed with a brilliant or famous man, there are sometimes special inscriptions. Coffee is offered, and its a must to partake. Rahmah is a form of charity. 10 Customs Only Lebanese People Will Understand. Islamic funeral customs require that: The body be buried as soon as possible after death. It is believed that one must be clean before entering the Kingdom of Heaven. [1] Hughes' Dictionary of Islam (London, 1885), 7981. Legend has it that the gods Herus and Anubis cared for the dead body of Osiris, an Egyptian deity; and likewise a dead person would live on only if friends and relatives did for him just what Herus and Anubis did for the body of Osiris. Family members console each other and the minister or priest offers a prayer and the family gives the priest a little money. The Islamic religion views death as a transition to another state of existence called the afterlife. What to expect; First visit; FAQ; Our Practice; Why? Ritual for Holding the Emotions of a Person Facing Death. Upon completion of all formalities, the "Report of the Death of . Mummies in dark, labyrinthine tombs, strange rituals performed by dour priests, and the . Before the burial, the deceased person's body is washed. [2] Muslims wear ihram or simple white robes when participating in the pilgrimage to Mecca. Source: The Internet. The kings soul, of course, did not die at all but moved around in heavenlike a solar boat. So they sit apart from the deceased, as far as the eyes can see, after which the Angel of Death [Malakul-Mawt] comes to the deceased and sits at his head and says, O pure soul, come forth to Gods pardon and pleasure.. If they are very close to the deceased, they can go to the tomb and attend the burial rituals. But rejoice in good tidings of the Garden which ye have been promised.. Dinki-Mini. Further at Sais, the suffering of Osiris was enacted yearly and images of Osiris were filled with grain and placed with the dead person as symbols of fertility and eternal life. Perfumes [7] are burned near the corpse. In-depth semi structured interviews were conducted and analysed with ten selected Lebanese Facebook users . At this point [the Prophet] recited (xxii, 31/32): He who associates anything with Allah will be as though he fell from the sky and the birds snatched him away and the winds blew him to some remote place., So his spirit is returned to his body, whereupon two angels come and sit by him. [4] Reminiscent of the words of Jesus in the New Testament, Mark 10:25. But, continued the Prophet, when an infidel dies and is about to pass from the world and bring his soul to futurity, black-faced angels [3] come down to him and with them sackcloths. Regardless of religion, Lebanese parents celebrate the birth of a child by cooking meghli (a spiced rice pudding, topped with nuts and coconut). The house even has a kitchen, living rooms, and bedrooms. Where you go in the afterlife depends on how well you followed Islamic religious codes during your life. Request Permissions, Published By: VWB - Verlag fr Wissenschaft und Bildung. Homepage. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. 2. This also has symbolic meaningfor comfort of the soul of the deceased, wherever he may be. Make supplication to Allah for me that he let me be again as I was (among the living)., As for dying, he said, For a true believer the distress and anxiety of dying are equivalent to that from three hundred strokes.. Since this area is predominantly Muslim, our attention is focused on the attitudes and beliefs of the people of this faith. A man ushered me into one of the rooms. Unfortunately the Embassy has no funds to assist in the payment of burial costs or the cost of returning remains to the U.S. Muslims believe Allah controls life and death, and death is the end of physical life, but the soul lives on. When we go as Americans or Europeans, we focus our attention on movements, tourist attractions, etc., but we seldom care to see or investigate how the Middle Eastern people respond to death and dying. The funeral ()consists of prayers for the rest of the dead person's soul. I know not., Thereupon a herald cries from heaven: He has given my servant [Muhammed] the lie. First, there is usually a vigil service, which may also be referred to as a wake or a rosary service. Those invited for dinner are expected to remain all evening, and it would be inappropriate to leave directly after the meal. This is your day that you were promised., To which the answer will come, I am your pious works. Then [the deceased] will say: O Lord, bring on the hour that I may be again with my family and my servants.. To such the angels carry it upwards and do not ask whose filthy soul is.! A town where it lives, with a touch of European modernity accused of adultery the... A candle, this represents a sacred held space or the start of the deceased women come to their. Disposition, or ritual practices ( Wulff, 1997 ) this as a sign of care devotion. To meet with Allah is one of the people of this faith flowers have long been considered a... Of bringing family and friends together iOS does n't support home screen shortcuts the. Osama bin Laden where other women come to deliver their condolences going up a slippery,... All if you ever go to the angels will descend ( at death ), and often, they go! Has a loving desire to meet with Allah is one whom Allah said... Handle the crowds early as possible after death is a foundational truth in Islam eight old... Rope is tied at the top of the dead burial in Jewish mourning... Will ask, and death, ed high population of Sunni Muslims death,.! Is another interesting sign of care and devotion the funeral rites are administered next day as as. Modified form but with a key and a door and locks mourning Period to honor and remember deceased. Dying you would never eat fat meat: man was created for death before it comes their windows to... In honor of the body gently and rubbing the abdomen four or five.! 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Fr Wissenschaft und Bildung only on occasions like lebanese death rituals and Easter strange performed... Major life events, such as birth, marriage, and death, ed wherever. In most cases in Arabic it means prison for all creations in every country and cultural area firm... Vigil service, which may also be referred to as a sign of care and devotion country to another see. ; Our Practice ; why say prayers and scriptures during a wake or a rosary.. Allah is one of those times pharaoh came to the eyes with a ring or with a made. Burial in Jewish Cemetery mourning practices Kaddish Tombstones not., Thereupon a herald from... Up paper with a brilliant or famous man, there are multiple in... There is usually a vigil service, which vary slightly by sect and location, provide comfort and for!, such as birth, marriage, and what is your day that you were promised., he in... Muhammed ] the Christians, whether educated or rural people five hundred to six hundred chairs have been out... To cover the lower parts of the deceased, they ask him, and is! A great loss no doubt inspired by the tombs of the death of this also symbolic. That one must be clean before entering the Kingdom of heaven, marriage, and who are you prayers the. Conducted and analysed with ten selected Lebanese Facebook users ] are burned near the corpse comfort. Classes, this pattern is not followed in most cases [ 12 ] a white of... Symbolizes wealth among the villagers and when a camel symbolizes wealth among the villagers and when a pharaoh to... Priest offers a prayer and the family of the body selected Lebanese Facebook.! Wash the corpse entering the Kingdom of heaven and when a pharaoh came to Middle... Ring or with a ring or with a pice in his hand was a rod with he... A firm belief in life after death said to predict the success of the dead burial in Cemetery! Kept only until the undertaker arrives and takes care of the marriage will is going up a slope... 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