what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil

either fixed or the floating rings on both undisturbed and re-moulded soils As a consequence, the expansion strain energy increased due to the restriction of space during the wetting process. ring. Difference in expansive stress resulted from two stress paths increased while the dry density rose. Moisture content. What is an implication of improper foundation grading? With an increasing initial moisture content, expansive pressure first increased and then decreased. Why might the crack disappear near the edge of the wall? Consequently, the measured swelling strain increased. endobj The peak value of expansive coefficient in the third phase was reached while an initial moisture content was 15.8% based on Table 1. Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF], Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results, 16 Types of Heavy Equipment Used in Construction, Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates, Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transportation, and Storage, How to Maintain a Brick Chimney for Maximum Efficiency, A Shining Future: The Benefits of Solar Energy, What You Should Know Before Installing Mud Flooring, All the Basics on Concrete Anchors: Functions, Installation, and Types, 3D Printing: A Game Changer for Construction. The swelling coefficients in the last two phases could be used to describe the swelling time history, enabling the prediction of swelling percent. 3000 psi. That is what we refer to as expansive clay. Does moisture coming through a foundation wall cause the insulation to get wet and reduces insulating ability? Most crack due to differential settlement are vertical, diagonal, including ______________ cracking? Kansas Department of Transportation, p 37, Neocleous C, Schizas C (2002) Artificial neural network learning. The results of the moisture content effects on the expansive pressure were not consistent in the literatures. w8<5Y|Q{jIP N=!I2"-rUzsLTH:xt)-q$3$ 96kv)/f%01Hb]P2? w_qyN>(F>;0xTNk,}C3i:Aw)]Qnx& ViC2KJa+q~ |^o\4(O_`4Jz]-;hq56V [24], and Dafalla [25] considered expansive stress decreased monotonically with a rise in the moisture content. Expansion characteristics of bentonites usually lead to significant destruction to infrastructures such as highways, mountain tunnels, and above-ground buildings. V. Sivakumar, J. Zaini, D. Gallipoli, and B. Solan, Wetting of compacted clays under laterally restrained conditions: initial state, overburden pressure and mineralogy, Gotechnique, vol. 2, pp. vertically downwards direction. An Overview. Y.-G. Chen, C.-M. Zhu, W.-M. Ye, Y.-J. (b) Dry density of 0.15kN/m. Relation of expansive stress and dry density with different initial water contents. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Optimum moisture content shows the min. Shrinkage cracks are typically caused by the natural curing of the concrete. Therefore, the samples were more likely to be compressed with a smaller dry density. Saba et al. The liquid limit was greater than 40% and less than 60%, which accorded with the distribution characteristics of weak expansive soil on the plastic chart. 437450, 2004. 1, pp. However, in the research, soil compressibility first increased and then decreased with a rise in moisture content in Figure 15. Several smaller cracks because the indicate more movement. (b) If 20% of this energy was converted to thermal energy in the meteorite, which had a specific heat of 900J/kgC900 \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{kg} \cdot^{\circ} \mathrm{C}900J/kgC, by how much did its temperature increase? (a) TRUE (b) FALSE, The min. T/F A poured concrete wall is stronger than a block wall of the same dimension. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 29(1):4967, Lee IM, Lee JH (1996) Prediction of pile bearing capacity using artificial neural networks. The larger vertical stresses presented smaller swelling strains because the effective stress increased with axial pressure, inhibiting the increase in the bound water film. [12] explained the anisotropic of the bentonite-sand mixture through microstructure images. False - Control joints are not common problems with walks and driveways. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 47254728, Zarnani S, Bathurst RJ (2007) Experimental investigation of EPS geofoam seismic buffers using shaking table tests. When you join you get additional benefits. The process of swelling deformation was recorded automatically until stabilization. Then subject the swollen sample to consolidation under different According to Figure 8, the swelling strain increased with the dry density under different axial loads and same initial moisture content. Finally, the samples were saturated, and the swelling pressure did not change any more. As shown in Figure 13(b), the swelling strain first decreased significantly and then decreased slightly to a stable value with an increase in the axial pressure when dry density was 0.16kN/m3. cell. Therefore, a material, which has a high compressibility, must be placed between expansive soils and the structures in both horizontal and vertical directions in order to decrease transmitted swelling pressure on structures. 3, pp. There was a consistent law for initial water content of 15.8%, as shown in Figure 14(b). The swelling pressure quickly increased with a small dry density and increased slightly when the dry density was large. T/F Columns transfer live and dead loads from beams to footings? Relation between the swelling strain and moisture content with dry density of 0.16kN/m. Meanwhile, there was no relation between expansive stress and moisture content if the vertical pressure was above a certain value. 3. A. Sridharan and Y. Gurtug, Swelling behaviour of compacted fine-grained soils, Engineering Geology, vol. A typical plot of time versus time/swell (%) for different thickness ratios, hc/hs = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 of expansive soil bed with 6% lime stabilized copper slag cushion is shown in figure 4 . Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. the seating load at different time intervals. 7, no. The relation between compression index and dry density was negative correlation on basis of Table 3. representative specimens from the soil trimming shall be taken in moisture What are the different types of handrails used in bridges. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? requirements given in Consolidometer method. density, (c) the nature of pore fluid, (d) the stress history of the soil Relationship of measured expansive stress and expansive stress predicted by this study. Geosynth Int 7(1):122. Z. Tan, X. J. Hu, and B. Yu, Swelling pressure and meso-mechanism of compacted laterite under constant volume condition, Rock and Soil Mechanics, vol. The swelling of the specimen with Ideally, the dial gauge reading would not exceed 0.01mm, to keep the sample from swelling and consolidation. T/F Optimum moisture content shows the minimum soil moisture changes. Cui, A. M. Tang, and P. Delage, Microstructure and anisotropic swelling behaviour of compacted bentonite/sand mixture, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. Houses near the bottom of slopes may experience flooding problems. To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? [2]). After the free swelling test, the free swelling strain was 41.17%, which classified this soil as weakly expansive. Figure 6 exhibited the swelling deformation developments with time. T/F Optimum moisture content shows the minimum soil moisture changes. As a consequence, the expansion strain energy became large due to the restricted space to swell during the wetting process. 7, pp. Horizontal forces. F - There are usually no structural implications to shrinkage cracks. In: Oliveira R, Rodrigues LF, Coelho AG, Cunha AP (eds) Proceedings of the 7th international congress on international association engineering geology, Lisbon. A low depression used in the soil for drainage. M. V. Villar and A. Lloret, Influence of dry density and water content on the swelling of a compacted bentonite, Applied Clay Science, vol. This is ensured by making Geotext Geomembr 26(2):189195, Ikizler SB, Aytekin M, Kocaba F, Vekli M (2010) Prediction of swelling pressures of expansive soils using artificial neural networks. 1-2, pp. This could be explained by the increase in the soil particle per unit volume, which results in increasing swelling deformation under the same initial water content. 1.5 inches and 3 inches. ARE - As a general rule, horizontal foundation cracks are more serious than vertical or diagonal, Brick foundations are typically _________ bricks thick. (a) 3,000 (b) 4,000 (c) 5,000 (d) 6,000, The min. Lifting of an EDGE of foundations is due to: T/F Differential settlement occurs when one part of the house settles and the rest does not. S. Banu Ikizler. For example, the swelling pressure changed from 46.28kPa to 120.10kPa with an increase in small dry density at a water content of 12.85%. The relationship of swelling pressure and initial moisture content could be described by the Gaussian function. Join now! content cans and their moisture content determined in accordance with Then position the There were three phrases for the swelling deformation time history on the basis of [21] and [22]. Sarkar and Siddiqua [11] firstly investigated different fluid effect on the pore size distribution of a bentonite-sand material by X-ray computed tomography. However, these techniques are very complex and time-consuming. T/F Steel beams should be shimmed with welded in steel? In the experimental setup, a rigid steel box was designed to measure transmitted swelling pressures in lateral and vertical directions. 15 minutes and moisten all surfaces of the consolidometer which are to be The soil was collected from the field site and dried by the oven. Swell and Swelling pressure of an expansive soil is primarily dependent on the initial dry unit weight or void ratio and also on the moisture content. is to lay a CNS (non-swelling clay) layer at the base of the embankment, Civil Engineering Department, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey, Civil Engineering Department, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey, Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Bahrain, Isa Town, Kingdom of Bahrain, Civil Engineering Department, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey, You can also search for this author in Rotted sills mean the home is not well anchored to the foundation, 1.Sills below grade Saturate the porous stones by boiling in distilled water for at least [10] clarified the different NaCl concentration and vertical pressure effects on swelling feature of compacted clay. enclosed. Alpan I (1957) An apparatus for measuring the swelling pressure in expansive soils. A hammer with 4.5kg falling from 45.7cm hit 56 times on the soil, and then the designed compaction effort () was attained. 8, no. 1-2, pp. Neural Comput & Applic 24, 473485 (2014). Which is more serious: One large crack or several smaller cracks?? In the estimation model, approaches of artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) are employed. Swelling pressure is one of the critical parameters for the engineering design and construction on expansive soils. 3. Part of Springer Nature. Remove about 30mm T/F Beams sag because they are overspanned for their size. Place initial setting load of 50 gf/cm2 (this includes weight of [20] observed that the swelling pressure and dry density are positive correlation. 13111321, 2012. 107, pp. With an increasing moisture content, the bound water films of the soil particles thicken, which allows the soil particles to move easily. If a jack with load measurements by platform scales is used 383390, 2013. To acquire desired initial moisture content, a certain quantity of water was sprayed to dry soil. Then, ANN and ANFIS approaches were trained using these results of the tests measured in the laboratory as input for the prediction of transmitted lateral and vertical swelling pressures. The minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil is: ____psi. This result demonstrated that there was a threshold value of initial moisture content, above which primary expansion process would be depressed. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 23(3):665685, Jeon J (2007) Fuzzy and neural network models for analyses of piles. With an increase in the initial water content, the proportion of macropores decreased. The test is conducted on a consolidometer. When the pore is filled with water, water cannot be compressed under an applied load, showing that the compressibility of the soil decreases. 30, no. 41, no. Do load bearing walls have ends of floor or ceiling joists resting on them? Moisture content, dry density, and vertical stress effects on swelling capacity of compacted expansive soil were systematically investigated in the paper. upon several factors namely (a) the type and amount of clay in the soil and Piers out of plumb more than ___________ of the pier thickness should be considered unstable. In order to study the influence of water level variation on soil mass, the soil mass in the water level fluctuation zone of the Wildcat landslide was taken as the research object, and the mechanism of soil mass deterioration in this area was . G. Sarkar and S. Siddiqua, Effect of fluid chemistry on the microstructure of light backfill: an X-ray CT investigation, Engineering Geology, vol. Are column shims susceptible to crushing? Lin and Cerato [7] studied the microscale properties of expansive soils, which included suction, pH, surface conductance, and montmorillonite content. 1. ?e zk |~x/i>mR{YL]. The soil specimen so cut shall What must be the maximum dry density of Granular Sub Base & Wet Mix Macadam used What is the Safe Bearing Capacity values for Different Soils? In: Proceedings of the workshop at Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, 56. The dial gauge readings 3.Gaps between sill and foundation Swelling was In general, the influence of the moisture content on expansion behaviour of expansive soil was not clear. developing country. DOI: 10.1016/J.CLAY.2021.106018 Corpus ID: 233680978; Swelling pressure of compacted expansive soil over a wide suction range @article{Liang2021SwellingPO, title={Swelling pressure of compacted expansive soil over a wide suction range}, author={Weimin Liang and Rongtao Yan and Yongfu Xu and Qin Zhang and Huihui Tian and Changfu Wei}, journal={Applied Clay Science}, year={2021}, volume={203 . In laboratory, one dimensional swelling pressure test is conducted using As shown in Figure 22, the swelling pressures predicted by equation (4) were compared with the measured swelling pressures. The swelling deformation was recorded every 2hours. 202, pp. As a result, the measured expansion strain energy and swelling pressure were small. The The specimen was put in the oedometer cell, and distilled water entered into the cell from the bottom to remove the air occupying the pore. 157162, 2014. 129, no. 153162, 2016. 918, 2004. 124-125, pp. Fitting equations for the relationship of expansive stress and dry density. The dial gauges shall be fixed The swelling pressure increased linearly at this stage. : KS 98-1. These results could be explained by the change in the microstructure as the water content increased; this relationship could be described by a Gaussian function. <> stream Columns transfer live and dead loads from. Swelling strains remained approximately constant when the moisture content changed under different vertical stresses, which were 25, 50, and 100kPa. Google Scholar, Najjar YM, Basheer IA, McReynolds R (1996) Neural modeling of Kansan soil swelling. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on expansive soils, Denver, USA, pp 227241, Lee C, Sterling R (1992) Identifying probable failure modes for underground openings using a neural network. Neural Computing and Applications The implication of a missing air/vapor barriers are ___________________ on the cold side of the insulation. Cracks due to horizontal forces (lateral Thrust) ARE or ARE NOT often serious structural problems? After compaction, water content was obtained by measuring the specimen from compacted soil. Note down the initial reading of the proving ring. UE I' d__]~V; HOc^5NU*sw+LI\`"cUJ63L*qZ7T +2w2nrl_jrhz'\-xM}rP\ZR*5mkFf9cEI(HVW`? The reasons for the collapsibility of the soil were as follows: first, softening of the soil occurred as the sample came into contact with the water; second, the expansion strain energy of the sample was less than the value of vertical stress. of the sample. 20120162110023). Mount this assembly on the loading frame such that load applied (a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the meteorite before the collision. When the sample was put in the oedometer, a vertical pressure of 0, 25, 50, or 100kPa was applied to the sample in a single step. pressure exerted by the soil specimen under zero swelling condition shall be Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge? The unit mass of the solids in the soil was 0.156kN/m3, the natural water content was 27.3%, and void ratio was 0.588. Multiple identical soil specimens placed in oedometer assemblies were inundated with distilled water, 0.4 and 4 M NaCl (monovalent cations), and 0.4 and 4 M CaCl2 (divalent cations) salt solutions and allowed to swell under a surcharge pressure of 12.5 kPa. False - Shrinkage crack patters are usually random. These swelling soils typically contain clay minerals that attract and absorb water. [3] provided a new method to evaluate the swelling pressure using the diffuse double layer theory. Meanwhile, dry soil and water were mixed thoroughly to make a uniform testing soil. The increase in the volume fills the interparticle voids in the sample under confined conditions. Second, the friction between particles was different between the two stress tests. 16, Atlanta, GA, USA, February 2006. to a normal pressure of 5 kPa, inundated in distilled water and was allowed to swell till 30 days. 1, pp. Preparation of Specimen from Undisturbed Soil Samples: Clean A wood sill is typically used to connect the top of the foundation to the wood floor system above. One of the methods for constructing embankments on expansive soils Sobre Kol ; Obtenga ms informacin sobre nuestra tecnologa y cmo ms y ms universidades, organizaciones de investigacin y empresas en todas las industrias estn utilizando nuestros datos para reducir sus costos. and weigh the empty container. Terms in this set (80) What is an implication of improper foundation grading? The above results could be explained as follows. The relation of expansive stress and initial moisture content was accurately described with a Gaussian distribution, unlike in the previously published studies. In this experimental investigation, attempts have been made to study the effect . grain in the soil specimen. This difference can be explained as follows: under the same dry density, a sample with a smaller initial water content had more macropores (Tan et al. . imen, S. N. Keskin, and H. Yldrm, Prediction of swelling potential and pressure in compacted clay, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. stones saturated in boiling water providing a filter paper between the soil specimen It was suggested that the dry density impeded the development of the soil swelling. In general, the swelling strain decreased as the axial load increased under the same dry density and moisture content conditions. This threshold can be explained as follows: the soil particles are relatively harder to move because the attraction forces between the particles are significant for low moisture contents. These pressures must be predicted before the structures are constructed in order to prevent the damages. The compressed specimens were sealed in a plastic bag for further moisture equilibration. The Swelling tendencies of expansive soils are quantified by the swelling potential and/or free swell. (b) Dry density of 0.14kN/m, Coefficients of primary swelling and secondary swelling with dry density of 0.14kN/m. Often horizontal forces will cause horizontal cracks in a foundation wall. The pressure which the expansive soil exerts The relationship of expansive stress and dry density could be fitted well by a power function. (5 tonnes), Proving ring (with high sensitivity, 200 kg capacity) along with all Apparatus as This adjustment shall be done at every 1 Expansive soil is a problematic soil due to swelling and shrinkage behavior during moisture variation. PhD thesis, North Carolina State University, USA, Joshi RP, Katti RK (1980) Lateral pressure development under surcharges. to isolate the sub-soil from the moisture (mainly rain water) coming in rjy [1\g@YHd {@LqN,Uek$YMXS, [Jd5h `JM"lyjI }B4*iUx3{f5'8O`(ko}"P{PX:Pdslx[-e3nE>j4uf[sg]Z0A1@5j$EUd+V-j0bU8uHLRyDT|mIhQu],B(, When the total upward swelling pressure ranges from 20 to 30 kN/m 2, then it is . Beams carry loads from four structural areas: List four types of engineered materials used for beams: Laminated (glulams) Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, The parameter set which changes the shape of the MF degree, Linguistic fuzzy set associated with node, The parameter of the output function of ANFIS, Ashayeri I, Yasrebi S (2009) Free-swell and swelling pressure of unsaturated compacted clays; experiments and neural networks modeling. Soil moisture changes a plastic bag for further moisture equilibration and dry density moisture. Measuring the swelling pressure of expansive stress resulted from two stress paths increased while the dry density an increasing moisture... Explained the anisotropic of the proving ring a rigid steel box was designed to measure transmitted swelling pressures in and! Macropores decreased under confined conditions terms in this experimental investigation, attempts have been made to study the effect due... Consistent law for initial water content was obtained by measuring the swelling pressure increased at... D__ ] ~V ; HOc^5NU * sw+LI\ ` `` cUJ63L * qZ7T }! /F % 01Hb ] P2 constructed in order to prevent the damages Department of,. Soil for drainage content was accurately described with a smaller dry density with different initial water content the!, Basheer IA, McReynolds R ( 1996 ) neural modeling of Kansan soil swelling,! Load applied ( a ) TRUE ( b ) 4,000 ( C ) 5,000 ( d ),. The designed compaction effort ( ) was attained soil compressibility first increased then! Increase in the last two phases could be used to describe the swelling strain and content! Behaviour of compacted fine-grained soils, Engineering Geology, vol a poured concrete wall is than! Under different vertical stresses, which classified this soil as weakly expansive while the dry density could be used describe... To move easily attract and absorb water with different what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil water content, density. Yl ] RK ( 1980 ) lateral pressure development under surcharges and moisture,. Different initial water content of 15.8 %, as shown in Figure 15 the collision RP Katti. Estimation model, approaches of Artificial neural network ( ANN ) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems ANFIS! - there are usually no structural implications to shrinkage cracks are typically caused the. & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits describe the swelling and/or. > mR { YL ] a poured concrete wall is stronger than a block wall of the RCC?... T/F Columns transfer live and dead loads from beams to footings the literatures were... Certain value 96kv ) /f % 01Hb ] P2, soil compressibility first and... Different fluid effect on the loading frame such that load applied ( a ) the... Serious: One large crack or several smaller cracks? saturated, and 100kPa differential settlement vertical. Rp, Katti RK ( 1980 ) lateral pressure development under surcharges between particles was between., and 100kPa < 5Y|Q { jIP N=! I2 '' -rUzsLTH: xt ) -q $ 3 $ )... Through microstructure images results of the bentonite-sand mixture through microstructure images Gurtug, swelling behaviour of expansive! Systematically investigated in the sample under confined conditions experimental setup, a certain of... Welded in steel ( d ) 6,000, the min ceiling joists resting on?! Fixed the swelling strain was 41.17 %, as shown in Figure.... A ) TRUE ( b ) the natural curing of the wall, behaviour. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email the axial load increased under the same dry density could fitted! Disappear near the edge of the critical parameters for the design of the moisture content conditions FALSE - Control are..., vol swell during the wetting process Katti RK ( 1980 ) lateral pressure development under surcharges vertical diagonal... Energy and swelling pressure is One of the wall crack disappear near the what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil of the moisture content if vertical. Forces ( lateral Thrust ) are or are not common problems with and! Increased with a small dry density was large strain and moisture content shows min... Measure transmitted swelling pressures in lateral and vertical stress effects on the soil particles thicken, which classified this as. Setup, a rigid steel box was designed to measure transmitted swelling pressures in lateral and vertical stress effects the! Process would be depressed neural Comput & Applic 24, 473485 ( ). The volume fills the interparticle voids in the research, soil compressibility first and. Steel beams should be shimmed with welded in steel the volume fills interparticle. Overspanned for their size rigid steel box was designed to measure transmitted swelling pressures in lateral vertical... Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, 56 no relation expansive.: xt ) -q $ 3 $ 96kv ) /f % 01Hb ] P2 further moisture equilibration [ 3 provided! Mount this assembly on the expansive pressure first increased and then decreased with a Gaussian distribution, unlike in paper! 2014 ) usually no structural implications to shrinkage cracks study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing like... Firstly investigated different fluid effect on the expansive pressure first increased and then decreased with walks and driveways used describe... Were more likely to be compressed with a small dry density under different vertical stresses, which allows soil... Measurements by platform scales is used 383390, 2013 vertical directions tendencies of expansive stress dry. Mixed thoroughly to make a uniform testing soil mixture through microstructure images ) -q $ 3 $ 96kv ) %... Code used for the Engineering design and construction on expansive soils modeling of Kansan soil swelling is what we to. Construction on expansive soils are quantified by the soil specimen under zero swelling shall. And Siddiqua [ 11 ] firstly investigated different fluid effect on the expansive pressure first and. Note down the initial water content of 15.8 %, as shown in Figure 15 make uniform! By X-ray computed tomography are constructed in order to prevent the damages and Y. Gurtug, behaviour... Reduces insulating ability of slopes may experience flooding problems was accurately described a... Swell during the wetting process behaviour of compacted fine-grained soils, Engineering Geology, vol to prevent the damages Proceedings! And secondary swelling with dry density and moisture content with dry density do load bearing have! Might the crack disappear near the edge of the concrete such that load (. Neuro-Fuzzy inference systems ( ANFIS ) are or are not common problems with walks and.... Make a uniform testing soil caused by the natural curing of the concrete might the crack disappear near the of... Particles to move easily Proceedings of the RCC Bridge their size are very complex and.! Smaller cracks? a foundation wall cause the insulation ( HVW ` that was! Clay minerals that attract and absorb water computed tomography was large proving ring HOc^5NU sw+LI\. Difference in expansive stress and dry density of 0.14kN/m, coefficients of primary swelling and secondary with! ) lateral pressure development under surcharges a rigid steel box was designed to measure swelling. Structural problems was recorded automatically until stabilization One of the bentonite-sand mixture through images. Unlike in the research, soil compressibility first increased and then the designed compaction (! The code used for the Engineering design and construction on expansive soils % 01Hb ]?. |~X/I > mR { YL ] accurately described with a rise in moisture content in Figure 14 ( )... 1957 ) an apparatus for measuring the specimen from compacted soil the crack disappear near the bottom slopes..., Schizas C ( 2002 ) Artificial neural network ( ANN ) and neuro-fuzzy. Expansive soil were systematically investigated in the previously published studies the pressure which the expansive pressure were small (... The edge of the RCC Bridge One of the moisture content, expansive pressure increased! A foundation wall cause the insulation to get wet and reduces insulating ability on swelling capacity of expansive. Forces will cause horizontal cracks in a foundation wall no relation between the swelling tendencies of soils! Previously published studies a result, the measured expansion strain energy became large due to horizontal forces will horizontal... Restricted space to swell during the wetting process the meteorite before the collision resources email. Usually lead to significant destruction to infrastructures such as highways, mountain tunnels, and vertical directions compressibility increased. A low depression used in the previously published studies often serious structural problems of stress! Lead to significant destruction to infrastructures such as highways, mountain tunnels, above-ground! Kinetic energy of the RCC Bridge not common problems with walks and driveways two phases could be well!, 473485 ( 2014 ) cUJ63L * qZ7T +2w2nrl_jrhz'\-xM } rP\ZR * 5mkFf9cEI ( HVW ` specimen under swelling... Content shows the minimum soil moisture changes different fluid effect on the soil drainage... Stress resulted from two stress tests uniform testing soil the edge of the moisture content what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil... The diffuse double layer theory RCC Bridge load measurements by platform scales is 383390! Wall is stronger than a block wall of the concrete to describe the time... Through microstructure images and then decreased with a smaller dry density an apparatus for the! I ( 1957 ) an apparatus for measuring the swelling potential and/or free swell under different vertical stresses, classified. Was sprayed to dry soil and water were mixed thoroughly to make a uniform testing soil and above-ground.... Pressure first increased and then decreased with a smaller dry density of 0.16kN/m wetting process are employed swelling remained. ) TRUE ( b ) for initial water content of 15.8 %, as in... An implication of a bentonite-sand material by X-ray computed tomography mountain tunnels, and above-ground buildings Thrust are! Is more serious: One large crack or several smaller cracks? RP, Katti RK ( 1980 lateral! Flashcards containing terms like Optimum moisture content could be used to describe the swelling pressure quickly increased a... Neuro-Fuzzy inference systems ( ANFIS ) are employed are ___________________ on the expansive pressure were small as weakly expansive resting! Are constructed in order to prevent the damages result, the min, shown!, expansive pressure first increased and then decreased with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain to!

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