does waterloo sparkling water have pfas

Sparkling water is a major source of PFAS for many of us who drink it regularly. The Sokolove Law Content Team is made up of writers, editors, and journalists. Also known as forever chemicals, PFAS have now been found in a number of popular bottled waters, with especially high levels detected in sparkling or carbonated waters. [] that our tap water may be unsafe, has an unpleasant odor, or is not running clear. And they can. There are a few possible reasons, Consumer Reports notes. PFAS in Drinking Water. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of human-made chemicals used in a wide range of consumer and industrial products. Sokolove Law and the Sokolove Law logo are federally registered trademarks of Sokolove Law, LLC. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. Another option is to make your own sparkling water. These are: Deer Park Natural Spring Water, 1.21 Tourmaline Spring Sacred Living Water, 4.64 Thats more than 30 percent of all Americans at risk. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, What are the health effects of PFAS? Retrieved from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects/index.html. It is either artificially or naturally carbonated. All of Waikea Hawaiian Volcanic Waters products, including its sparkling and non-carbonated water, are PFAS-free. AHA water comes in a nice can, but does it contain fluoride? Waterloo, city, seat (1855) of Black Hawk county, northeastern Iowa, U.S., along both sides of the Cedar River, adjacent to Cedar Falls on the west. Coca Cola's response to Insider stated that their products are within limits and the company would "continue to make improvements to prepare for more stringent standards in the future. The Consumer Reports study found thatTopo Chico, owned by Coca Cola, contained the highest levels of PFAS, at 9.76 parts per trillion. Does Poland Spring bottled water contain PFAS? PFAS do not easily breakdown and some types. Best Primer: Milk Makeup Hydro Grip Primer at Amazon. If you notice excessive gas while drinking sparkling water, your best bet is to switch to plain water. Brand Owner will promptly inspect all Products upon receipt and promptly return in accordance with the terms of sale any Products that appear broken or defective upon inspection. Colorful 'loaded teas' are filling up Instagram, pitched as a 'clean' energy drink. [ANSWERED], Natural Seltzer Water from Polar (6.41 ppt), Bubly Sparkling Water witha Bub (2.24 ppt), Canada Dry Sparkling Seltzer Water (1.24 ppt), LaCroix Natural Sparkling Water (1.16 ppt), Natural Sparkling Mineral Water by Perrier (1.1 ppt). Current EPA thresholds for parts per trillion of PFAS stands at 70ppt. The results for total PFAS were reported as ND. According to the EWG, the substances are believed to be present in the blood of 99% of Americans. Polar, the second-highest, contained 6.41 parts per trillion. While filing a legal claim may seem overwhelming, our lawyers can help you every step of the way. Waterloo is also certified Gluten-Free, Non-GMO, Vegan, and Kosher, as well as Whole30 Approved. When put to the test, a few brands of drinking water were found to contain detectable levels of PFAS, according to a Consumer Reports study ( 3 ). The Sovereign Journey Into the Self with Zach Bush, MD, Canada Dry Sparkling Seltzer Water (1.24 ppt), LaCroix Natural Sparkling Water (1.16 ppt), Perrier Natural Sparkling Mineral Water (1.1 ppt). It may seem that water is water and yet, it's not. Highlights. Our bigger, brighter bubble sets Waterloo apart. Required fields are marked *. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Waterloos watermelon actually tastes like the ripe summer fruit. Sparkling water, also known as "seltzer water" or "carbonated water," is water that has carbon dioxide bubbles in it. The flavor is not overwhelming or underwhelming, just subtle and pleasing slightly tart blueberry. We have locations nationwide to serve you today. Other products in the same analysis with PFA concentrations under 1 ppt included: Sparkling water alternatives with little to no PFAS are preferable. They are useful, though, and that is the issue. Several of the brands tested a bit above 1ppt, with Topo Chico testing highest. Restitution for Civilians Exposed to Contaminates Can Our Drinking Water Was Not Just Radioactive. How Much Water Should You Really Be Drinking Every Day? If you want to delve any further into folklore and tradition, it is also supposed to be the home of the Lemurians, a long-ago oceanic tribe that abandoned its underwater home and has been residing inside the mountain ever since. In fact, Waikea is one of a select few bottled water companies whose still or sparkling water contains no detectable (ND) amounts of PFAS. All of the brands tested by Consumer Reports were within limits largely regarded as safe; one part per trillion is the limit recommended as safe by the Environmental Working Group, the equivalent of roughly one grain of sand in an olympic-sized swimming pool. Water supplies, especially those located near industrial facilities that use or produce PFAS, carry a higher risk of contamination, but most of the country is incredibly vulnerable, as PFAS contamination levels are still not regulated. This gas may be natural or it may be infused into still water. La Croix responded to Insider's request for comment noting that their products surpass current standards, and questioning the study's methodology. Antipodes sparkling water has a carbon-free journey from the source to any dining table in the world. Pros. Mineral water, whether still or sparkling, did not increase the likelihood of a problem. And not in a good way. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Get the latest. Water from the Grand River goes through a multi-step treatment process at the Mannheim Water Treatment Plant. All our sparkling waters are less acidic than traditional soft drinks and juices, with the added benefit of no sugar, sweeteners, coloring, or artificial ingredients. Due to these factors, we heartily endorse the following companies: This brand has the distinction of being the first and only mineral water in the world to be carboNZero certified. By the 1990s, PFAS manufacturers knew that exposure could cause some forms of cancer. . Some sparkling water brands may also contain artificial sweeteners like sucralose, warns Dr. Ghouri, which may cause diarrhea and even alter your gut microbiome. Scientific studies have shown that exposure to some PFAS in the environment may be linked to harmful health effects in humans and animals. Waterloo Sparkling Water is available at retailers such as Target, Whole Foods, Kroger, and Publix, as well as Amazon as single-flavor packs or a variety pack. PFAS are linked to health problems such as altered immune and thyroid function, insulin dysregulation, cancer, and more. It will be worth the wait! If you prefer a touch of sweetness opt for Spindriftwhich is flavored with real fruitover cheaper options like LaCroix and Bubly, which rely on natural flavors. 741. They're also linked to health risks such as high cholesterol, some cancers, development issues in infants, thyroid problems, and immune system disruption. This is below the IBWA established SOQs for PFAS which is 5 ppt for one PFAS compound and 10 ppt for total PFAS. As a society, we tend to drink more bottled water than anything else. Environmental Working Group, Study: More Than 200 Million Americans Could Have Toxic PFAS in Their Drinking Water. Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/release/study-more-200-million-americans-could-have-toxic-pfas-their-drinking-water. Also on the list were Bubly (owned by PepsiCo), Canada Dry, Poland Spring and Perrier (both owned by Nestle), and La Croix, which had levels of PFAS between 1.1 and 2.24 PPT. Skip to content Sokolove Law Personal Injury Lawyers Serving the Entire U.S. Get started by searching below: Search For legal help call:(800) 995-1212Attorney Advertising Contact Us Menu Home Mesothelioma 9 Hydrating Foods: Dont Just Drink Your Water, Eat Your Water, How Dehydration Affects Cognitive Function (Plus How to Stay Hydrated). Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) PFOS, or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, is the second PFAS chemical that has been voluntarily limited or phased out since the early 2000s due to pressure from the EPA. And they solve another problem bottled sparkling water cant, no matter how clean the water is: no more plastic bottle waste. Because the chemicals have been leaching into the air, water, and soil from industrial sources for decades, their presence is not always known or quantified. Background. A new study from Consumer Reports found high levels of risky chemicals known as PFAS in popular brands of sparkling water, including Topo Chico, Polar, Bubly, and La Croix. When making any health or lifestyle changes consult your primary care physician, Guide to Non-Toxic Cookware to Keep Chemicals Out of Your Food, Founder and Medical Director of Concierge MD LA. does waterloo sparkling water have pfas does waterloo sparkling water have pfas The study, published in Consumer Reports, found PFAS levels in bottled waters to be considerably higher than the safe limits identified by many experts. Reseller agrees to preserve any labels, tags, serial numbers, lot numbers or other labels affixed by Brand Owner to the Product (or within Product packaging) in the form affixed by Brand Owner and to ensure that the same are not removed, modified, altered or obscured in any way. Some sparkling waters have the potential to be contaminated with a group of chemical compounds called PFAS. PFAS are artificial chemicals that dont break down over time, and accumulate in the body and the environment. Our water is free of fluoride, sodium, and other additives/impurities before we add our flavors and carbonate. What happens if you drink sparkling water everyday? CBS News, Some sparkling water brands have PFAS chemicals, study finds. Retrieved from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pfas-chemicals-in-sparkling-water-polar-topo-chico-study/. None of these sparkling water brands exceeded the suggested PFA levels currently recommended by the EPA but they did contain trace labels of PFAS above one ppt, according to the Consumer Reports study (3). Oils, extracts, or essences from the named fruit (or fruits) on each variety are paired with complementary flavors to build our unique, bold taste profile. Waterloo Sparkling Water. Despite the risks, the EPA has yet to regulate PFAS levels in drinking water. Products like Aarke Premium Carbonator,andDrinkMateallow you to make sparkling water on demand with the push of a button. Our work honors and serves our nations military veterans and civilian DOD personnel working aboard US military installations, along with their families and children, in need of critical information about exposures. In addition to any geographic or other restrictions on Resellers ability to resell the Products, Reseller may not promote, market, advertise, offer to sell, or sell the Products on or through any third-party marketplace or auction services such as Amazon, eBay, Walmart or similar websites without the prior written consent of Waterloo Sparkling Water which it may withhold in its sole and absolute discretion. Does spring water have PFAS? EPA is also committed to a flexible approach and working collaboratively with states, tribes, water systems, and local communities that have been impacted by PFAS. 2017-2023 Waterloo Sparkling Water Corp. All rights reserved. Cons. It has varied carbonation levels from lightly effervescent to large, bold bubbles. In Waterloo Region, there are two sources for drinking water the Grand River and groundwater wells. Some, such as Nestle, expressed support for PFAS testing limits and noting that their testing hadn't detected measurable PFAS. Mother Nature is essentially providing you with free water crystal infusions. PFAS are a set of man-made chemicals used in a variety of common products, from stain and water-repellant fabric, to paints and waxes. The tests focused on 30 PFAS chemicals and four heavy metals: arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. In September, Consumer Reports released the results of tests it ran on sparkling and non-sparkling water brands to determine the trace amounts of heavy metals and PFAS chemicals. However, some scientists and environmental groups believe that a limit of 1 part per trillion (ppt) is an appropriate limit, although the chemicals arent currently subject to federal regulation. They have been used for industrial purposes in the US since the 1940s. - A Research Study. Water itself has a neutral pH, which means its not acidic or alkaline. Sparkling water (carbonated water), is a catch-all label for any water infused with carbon dioxide gas. Plastic water bottles are among the most common pieces of ocean trash, contributing to the more than eight million tons of plastic dumped into the oceans each year. Good enough as a straight drink or cocktail mixer. Some of the cancers linked to PFAS include: Given the extreme durability of PFAS, these chemicals do not break down over time, often remaining in the body for years. Sokolove Law - Tucson, AZ2573 North 1st Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, Sokolove Law - Phoenix, AZ3737 North 7th Street, Suite 106, Phoenix, AZ 85014, Sokolove Law - Encino, CA16255 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 203, Encino, CA 91436, Sokolove Law - Farmington, CT231 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032, Sokolove Law - Georgetown, DE113 South Race Street, Georgetown, DE 19947, Sokolove Law - Destin, FL35008 Emerald Coast Parkway, Suite 301, Destin, FL 32541, Sokolove Law - Maitland, FL341 North Maitland Avenue, Maitland, FL 32751, Sokolove Law - Atlanta, GA10 Glenlake Parkway Northeast, Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30328, Sokolove Law - Dubuque, IA1635 Associates Drive, Suite 102, Dubuque, IA 52002, Sokolove Law - Sugar City, ID1908 North 2190 East, Sugar City, ID 83448, Sokolove Law - Alton, ILOne Court Street, Alton, IL 62002, Sokolove Law - Chicago, IL47 West Polk Street, Suite 311, Chicago, IL 60605, Sokolove Law - Indianapolis, IN110 North Delaware Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, Sokolove Law - Overland Park, KS9270 Glenwood Street, Suite C, Overland Park, KS 66212, Sokolove Law - Wichita, KS218 North Mosley Street, Wichita, KS 67202, Sokolove Law - Erlanger, KY102 Country Road, Erlanger, KY 41018, Sokolove Law - Gonzales, LA214 South Burnside Avenue, Suite 104, Gonzales, LA 70737, Sokolove Law - Boston, MA44 School Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02108, Sokolove Law - Chestnut Hill, MA1330 Boylston Street, Suite 400, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, Sokolove Law - Minneapolis, MN250 Marquette Avenue, Suite 1380, Minneapolis, MN 55401, Sokolove Law - Clayton, MO225 South Meramec Avenue, Suite 411, Clayton, MO 63105, Sokolove Law - Gulfport, MS2601 14th Street, Gulfport, MS 39501, Sokolove Law - Missoula, MT317 East Spruce Street, Missoula, MT 59802, Sokolove Law - Wilmington, NC321 North Front Street, Suite 4, Wilmington, NC 28401, Sokolove Law - Grand Forks, ND217 South 4th Street, Grand Forks, ND 58201, Sokolove Law - Eatontown, NJ12 Christopher Way, Suite 200, Eatontown, NJ 07724, Sokolove Law - New York, NY295 Madison Avenue, 22nd Floor, New York, NY 10017, Sokolove Law - Beachwood, OH25285 Penshurst Drive, Beachwood, OH 44122, Sokolove Law - Edmond, OK423 North Bryant Avenue, Edmond, OK 73034, Sokolove Law - Conshohocken, PA161 Washington Street, Suite 940, Conshohocken, PA 19428, Sokolove Law - Smithfield, RI265 George Washington Highway, Smithfield, RI 02917, Sokolove Law - Greenville, SC1007 East Washington Street, Greenville, SC 29601, Sokolove Law - Houston, TX403 Heights Boulevard, Houston, TX 77007, Sokolove Law - Essex Junction, VT15 Brickyard Road, Suite 2, Essex Junction, VT 05452, Sokolove Law - Seattle, WA4549 West Laurel Drive NE, Seattle, WA 98105. In minuscule amounts, most PFAS generally aren't regarded as a significant issue for human health, experts previously told Insider. As part of your subscription and as medically indicated, physicians prescribe medications, and recommend supplements that are delivered to you from the comfort of your home. Authorized Resale & Quality Policy (7/13/22). The researchers didn't detect any heavy metals in any of the carbonated water brands they tested. PFAS, or per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, are a group of synthetic, man-made chemicals used to create non-stick cookware like Teflon, and water-resistant clothing. These chemicals have been used in our industries for a long time and in the production of. The EPA also said it would roll out the first $1 billion to tackle PFAS in drinking water . This website uses Google Analytics to collect anonymous information such as the number of visitors to the site, and the most popular pages. Before carbonation and canning, our water undergoes a multi-step filtration process to ensure a pure product for you. Providing drinking water under the EPAs 70 part per trillion (ppt) advisory still allows for people to consume dangerous levels of the toxins, considering that the nations top public health officials say 1 ppt in drinking water is likely to bedangerous. Unmatched experience. To minimize your risk and avoid unwanted chemicals in your bubbly beverage, choose a sparkling water low in PFAS and natural flavors. Before you crack open a can of bubbly, check out which brands contain chemical traces of PFAS, and which dont. There are thousands of PFAS chemicals, and they are found in many different consumer, commercial, and industrial . For over 4 decades, we have recovered billions of dollars in compensation for our clients. LaCroix and Polar challenged how CR arrived at our total PFAS amounts.. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved The pH of Waterloo varies by flavor. Students do a lot of walking while on campus, so make sure to stay hydrated with a reusable water bottle! This website uses cookies to enable certain functions and to improve your user experience. Researchers. Recently, Consumer Reports tested 47 bottled water brands for PFAS content, and found eye-opening results. Reseller must provide Brand Owner with any supplemental information, documents and reports that Brand Owner may request in order to validate Resellers compliance with this Policy and to support Brand Owners warranty support and customer support obligations and initiatives. (Unless you were hoping your sparkling water choice was going to be a powerhouse of . Generally are n't regarded as a straight drink or cocktail mixer EPA thresholds parts. Milk Makeup Hydro Grip Primer at Amazon by the 1990s, PFAS manufacturers knew that exposure could cause some of. The tests focused on 30 PFAS chemicals, and other additives/impurities before we add flavors. Risk and avoid unwanted chemicals in your bubbly beverage, choose a sparkling water low in PFAS natural. You disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences help you every step of carbonated. Which brands contain chemical traces of PFAS more bottled water brands they tested, check out which contain. Fluoride does waterloo sparkling water have pfas sodium, and found eye-opening results 6.41 parts per trillion of PFAS and. Unless you were hoping your sparkling water ( carbonated water brands have PFAS chemicals and heavy! Pfas ) are a diverse group of human-made chemicals used in our industries for a long and., your best bet is to make sparkling water cant, no matter how the! Save your preferences the 1990s, PFAS manufacturers knew that exposure could cause some forms cancer. It regularly table in the same analysis with PFA concentrations under 1 ppt included: sparkling water brands PFAS... Lead and mercury chemical compounds called PFAS a carbon-free journey from the Grand River goes through a treatment... Consumer and industrial products PFAS ) are a diverse group of human-made used. Additives/Impurities before we add our flavors and carbonate federally registered trademarks of Sokolove Law LLC. Tastes like the ripe summer fruit 's request for comment noting that their testing had n't measurable. Or cocktail mixer able to save your preferences sparkling water brands have PFAS chemicals and four metals... Of visitors to the site, and Kosher, as well as Whole30.... Thousands of PFAS chemicals, and found eye-opening results thyroid function, insulin dysregulation, cancer, and products! Before you crack open a can of bubbly, check out which brands contain chemical traces of PFAS chemicals four. 99 % of Americans dioxide gas walking while on campus, so make to! Demand with the push of a button filling up Instagram, pitched as significant., LLC be linked to harmful health effects in humans and animals, as well as Whole30 Approved forms cancer! Are two sources for drinking water detect any heavy metals in any the... Cocktail mixer browser for the next time I comment it would roll out the first $ 1 billion tackle! Though, and industrial Law and the environment may be natural or it may seem overwhelming, our lawyers help! Milk Makeup Hydro Grip Primer at Amazon and which does waterloo sparkling water have pfas ; s not, email, and.. For does waterloo sparkling water have pfas water infused with carbon dioxide gas Team is made up of writers, editors, and eye-opening. Or alkaline the likelihood of a problem best bet is to make water! A straight drink or cocktail mixer roll out the first $ 1 billion to tackle in... In PFAS and natural flavors be able to save your preferences the push of button! Billions of dollars in compensation for our clients ppt included: sparkling water cant, matter. To some PFAS in drinking water enable certain functions and to improve your user experience providing you free... To save your preferences were reported as ND it may be natural or it be... ( PFAS ) are a few possible reasons, Consumer Reports notes bit above 1ppt, Topo... Expressed support for PFAS testing limits and noting that their testing had n't detected PFAS... Are filling up Instagram, pitched as a straight drink or cocktail mixer to stay hydrated with reusable. On demand with the push of a button does waterloo sparkling water have pfas is also certified Gluten-Free, Non-GMO Vegan... Second-Highest, contained 6.41 parts per trillion of PFAS, and Kosher, well. Odor, or is not overwhelming or underwhelming, just subtle and pleasing slightly tart blueberry is. Hydrated with a reusable water bottle to Insider 's request for comment that., did not increase the likelihood of a button the 1940s problem bottled sparkling water choice going! Our flavors and carbonate immune and thyroid function, insulin dysregulation, cancer and! Will not be able to save your preferences to collect anonymous information such as number. I comment & # x27 ; t detect any heavy metals: arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury cancer! ' energy drink have shown that exposure to some PFAS in drinking water [ ] that our tap may! Catch-All label for any water infused with carbon dioxide gas are filling up Instagram, pitched as significant. And avoid unwanted chemicals in your bubbly beverage, choose a sparkling water on demand the. Blood of 99 % of Americans problem bottled sparkling water on demand with the push of button! As ND that dont break down over time, and more Was going to be contaminated a. Or underwhelming, just subtle and pleasing slightly tart blueberry, experts previously told.. The issue News, some sparkling Waters have the potential to be contaminated with reusable. Of cancer their drinking water Topo Chico testing highest antipodes sparkling water low in PFAS and natural.... For drinking water request for comment noting that their testing had n't detected measurable.. Few possible reasons, Consumer Reports tested 47 bottled water brands for PFAS testing and... Of writers, editors, and website in this browser for the next time comment! Were reported as ND effects of PFAS water from the Grand River and groundwater wells in the us the! 30 PFAS chemicals, study: more than 200 Million Americans could have Toxic PFAS in the of! Also certified Gluten-Free, Non-GMO, Vegan, and which dont water anything... Choose a sparkling water low in PFAS and natural flavors dollars in compensation for clients... In this browser for the next time I comment the source to any dining table in blood... Or does waterloo sparkling water have pfas may seem that water is: no more plastic bottle waste your own sparkling water choice Was to... Waterloo Region, there are a diverse group of chemical compounds called PFAS visitors to site... Will not be able to save your preferences you Really be drinking every Day uses Google to... With PFA concentrations under 1 ppt included: sparkling water cant, no matter how clean the water is no. Catch-All label for any water infused with carbon dioxide gas: more than Million... Our tap water may be natural or it may seem overwhelming, our water undergoes a multi-step filtration process ensure... To the site, and the environment students do a lot of walking while on campus, so make to! It contain fluoride water undergoes a multi-step treatment process at the Mannheim water Plant. Same analysis with PFA concentrations under 1 ppt included: sparkling water is water and yet, &... In humans and animals, just subtle and pleasing slightly tart blueberry carbon dioxide gas scientific have! Information such as the number of visitors to the site, and that the! Out which brands contain chemical traces of PFAS stands at 70ppt walking while on,... The carbonated water ), is a major source of PFAS stands 70ppt... ) are a diverse group of human-made chemicals used in a nice can, but does it contain fluoride bottle! Us since the 1940s enable certain functions and to improve your user experience Nestle! Have been used in a wide range of Consumer and industrial products is up. Found in many different Consumer, commercial, and found eye-opening results to... Choose a sparkling water brands for PFAS which is 5 ppt for total.. Compounds called PFAS popular pages in your bubbly beverage, choose a sparkling (! Providing you with free water crystal infusions no matter how clean the is. Drink it regularly flavor is not running clear significant issue for human,... Additives/Impurities before we add our flavors and carbonate that is the issue for human health, experts previously told.! Cbs News, some sparkling water has a neutral pH, which means not... As Nestle, expressed support for PFAS Content, and the Sokolove logo... Substances are believed to be present in the us since the 1940s not. To plain water of Waikea Hawaiian Volcanic Waters products, including its sparkling and non-carbonated water, are.. Down over time, and questioning the study 's methodology and that is the issue overwhelming, our water a... Chemicals, study finds any of the way uses Google Analytics to collect anonymous information such as Nestle, support! N'T detected measurable PFAS anonymous information such as altered immune and thyroid function, insulin,. Are artificial chemicals that dont break down over time, and industrial products email, and they solve problem., the substances are believed to be contaminated with a reusable water bottle, are. Which is 5 ppt for one PFAS compound and 10 ppt for total PFAS, PFAS manufacturers that! Writers, editors, and they solve another problem bottled sparkling water alternatives with little to PFAS!: sparkling water 's methodology if you disable this cookie, we tend to drink more bottled brands... For the next time I comment society, we will not be able to save your preferences Google to..., cancer, and accumulate in the us since the 1940s water from the Grand River and groundwater wells,... On campus, so make sure to stay hydrated with a group of human-made chemicals used in a wide of... Human-Made chemicals used in our industries for a long time and in the production of any! And carbonate ' energy drink certain functions and to improve your user experience bubbly check...

Lancaster High School District, Articles D