nuclear reaction equation calculator

charge is also conserved. We need an atomic number here of 90. What is nuclear fusion? what else is produced here? The user may calculate many nuclear equations that are When a 226/88Ra nucleus decays by emitting an alpha particle, what is the atomic number? On the left, I know I have 92 protons, so 92 positive charges on the left. just in the ground stage. After you filled the electron configuration following the graphic rule, you can rewrite it in the most intuitive order: That's how they are commonly found in textbooks, online, and also on our effective charge calculator. 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We already talked about The calculations on this site Sal had't clarify about the Gama decays. Each new topic we learn has symbols and problems we have never seen. This is a way to specify the occupation of the orbitals, progressively filling the periodic table. How do you balance nuclear fission equations? Cf-252 (252Cf). A gamma ray emission occurs when a nucleus is in an excited state and relaxes down to a lower energy state (giving off energy in the form of a gamma ray. Alpha particles (24He,(24He, also represented by the symbol 24)24) are high-energy helium nuclei. What is the main example of nuclear fusion occurring naturally? The equations on this site We measure it using detectors. Rn-220 (220Rn), Rn-222 (222Rn), Ra-223 (223Ra), Ra-224 (224Ra), Ra-226 (226Ra), Continuing learning nucleur physics - read our next physics tutorial. Let's discover them: The principal quantum number, nnn, which gives an indication on the distance of the electron from the nucleus. Its configuration is: It goes on like this, following the progression of the orbitals dictated by the following scheme: Follow the blue arrow from top to bottom, writing down the orbitals in the orders they are crossed. Useful for calculating today's activity for any radioactive isotope. The reason for this is that you get energy levels whenever you have things bound together. What is the nuclear equation for the beta decay of Ti207? What is an example of a nuclear equations practice problem? 106[g/metric ton] F-18 (18F) and other positron emitters It can calculate dose Nb-94 (94Nb), Nb-95 (95Nb), Mo-99 (99Mo), Tc-96 (96Tc), Tc-99 (99Tc), Tc-99m (99mTc), What are some common mistakes students make with nuclear equations? Or any other element for that matter? The amount of fissile 235U per the volume of the reactor core. V = . Radioactive Decay Calculator Radioactive Decay Formula : A=Aoe0.693t T1/2 Enter Initial Activity(A0) = Enter Decay Time (t) = Enter Half Life (T1/2) = Final Activity (A) = Radioactive Decay Calculator is a free online tool that displays the half life of the given isotope. The identity of the other product, just look it up here at our table, find atomic number of 90, and you'll see that's thorium here. The It is used to solve problems in a variety of fields, from engineering to economics. The total shielding is 70.35 + 20.85 = 4.15, and the effective nuclear charge is 10 4.15 = 5.85. Choose the desired electron from the configuration and input the appropriate quantum numbers. The following apply for the nuclear reaction: a + b R c. in the centre of mass frame, where a and b are the initial species about to collide, . neutron turning into a proton, and this is an oversimplified In terms of charge, if we Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, and patterns. Calculate chemical reactions step-by-step. Which is stronger: the electrostatic force; or the nuclear force? Easier, isn't it? Example 1: Neutron Induced Fission Take 2 away from the atomic number (84-2 = 82). We already have two positive charges from our alpha particle, and so we need 90 more. Under this assumption, the nuclear radius equals the radius (half the diameter) of the nucleus. the "Online Calculators" menu button at the top of each page and search through the tree menu. From this, scientist have created a model that up to now has always shown to be correct. also calculates shielding using all of the latest data from NIST (attenuation coefficients) RSO). This book uses the Nuclear Equations Nuclear reactions involve changes in the atomic nuclei such as changes in mass number atomic number It is important to understand the types of particles involved in a nuclear reaction. An orbital is described by a set of discrete integer numbers called the quantum numbers. We could put a beta here, 144 58 Ce 144 59 Pr+0 -1 e Here's a fission reaction. not part of this video, so we'll just ignore it for now. and we gained a proton. It is possible to identify each element using its electron configuration. You would need to look it up in a reference source. I've got a test coming up soon and I cannot fail. Any problem you need done it will do, it is very simple and easy to use, and I have not yet encountered anything wrong with it, best thing that it doesn't have ads and is free to use in every way. Nuclear Chemistry deals with the nuclei of atoms breaking apart. Take the atomic mass of U-235 equal to 235.04393 u; 1 u = 6605 10 -27 kg and 1eV = 1 . physics, radiation protection or radiation safety engineer professional (such as Atoms are continually undergoing decay. x^ {\msquare}. 234 nucleons on the left, I need 234 on the right. (125I), I-129 (129I), I-131 (131I), I-132 (132I), Xe-127 (127Xe), Xe-131m That's what we were thinking too! Ra-228 (228Ra), Ac-225 (225Ac), Ac-227 (227Ac), Ac-228 (228Ac), Th-227 (227Th), If no, what else is neutron made up of? By emitting an alpha particle, an atom of uranium-235 decays into an atom of thorium. Nuclear equations calculator The carbon-14 undergoes radioactive decay once the plant or animal dies, Using the above equations, it is also possible for a relationship to be derived . Direct link to Davin V Jones's post Gamma rays are produced b, Posted 5 years ago. For instance, we could determine that \ (\ce {^ {17}_8O}\) is a product of the nuclear reaction . Beta particles (10,(10, also represented by the symbol 10e)10e) are high-energy electrons, and gamma rays are photons of very high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Send feedback | Visit Wolfram|Alpha SHARE Twitter EMBED Make your selections below, then copy and paste the code below into your HTML source. The nuclear radius is a measure of the size of the nucleus of an atom under the assumption that it is approximately spherical. Te=[Kr],4d10,5s2,5p4\text{Te}=\left[\text{Kr}\right],\ 4d^{10},\ 5s^2,\ 5p^4Te=[Kr],4d10,5s2,5p4. (7Be), C-11 (11C), C-14 (14C), N-13 (13N), N-16 (16N), O-15 (15O), F-18 (18F), Na-22 The effective nuclear charge has some distinctive trends across the periodic table. Usually it is gamma decay but some radioactive synthesizers can tell you what radiation is has in its isotope. Ge-68 (68Ge), As-72 (72As), As-74 (74As), Se-72 (72Se), Se-75 (75Se), Br-75 (75Br), Where does it differ from nuclear fusion? Can you write a balanced nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Se-75? The value of Z_\text {eff} Z eff then decreases approaching 1 1 for an infinite distance from the nucleus. Also included are isotopes for nuclear medicine use (. Q-Value Calculator (QCalc) QCalc calculates Q-values for nuclear reactions or decay. Atomic mass unit (amu) One amu is equal to ( 1 12) of the mass of one atom of 6 C 12. When this conversion, this process is actually governed by the weak force, the weak interaction, so there's a lot of stuff going on in the nucleus which we just won't Don't change the mass number K-42 (42K), Ca-45 (45Ca), Sc-46 (46Sc), Sc-47 (47Sc), Cr-51 (51Cr), Mn-51 (51Mn), What does the penetration of nuclear radiation in matter causes in living and non-living things? This of course represents the electron, so this is the electron that's is ejected from the nucleus. Sum of subscripts on left = 92. Multiplying the reaction rate per unit volume (RR = . Chemists found a way to make it easier to write and remember! If you chose an electron from a ppp or an sss orbital, with principal quantum number n=Nn=Nn=N, then: Electrons from orbitals with the same principal quantum number have a shielding factor of 0.350.350.35 apart from the electrons in 1s1s1s, which shield 0.300.300.30. I recall learning about an N/Z ratio (using the belt of stability), but I'm really confused about it. So we think about what's The nuclear charge ZZZ thus coincides with the atomic number. U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. Direct link to JumanaFa's post How can we predict what t, Posted 3 years ago. (c) Positron emission by. Therefore, we would have a zero here. If you chose an electron from an orbital with lll associated to ddd or fff, and again n=Nn=Nn=N, then: When choosing the electron, it's not essential to specify which position in the orbital we are considering: the shielding effect is not affected by degeneracy. We saw in the previous video that you represent an electron, since it has a negative one charge, you put a negative one down here, it's not a proton, nor is it a neutron, so we put a zero here. #""_92^235"U" + _0^1"n" _57^145"La" + _35^88"Br" + 3 _0^1"n"#. Ready? \[^{238}_{\phantom{0}92}\mathrm{U} \longrightarrow ^{234}_{\phantom{0}90}\mathrm{Th} +^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He} + \gamma\], \[^{40}_{19}\mathrm{K} + ^{\phantom{-}0}_{-1}e \longrightarrow ^{40}_{18}\mathrm{Ar} + \gamma\], same mass as electron but with a positive charge. At the bottom of the calculator, you will find the values of the total shielding and of the effective nuclear charge ZeffZ_\text{eff}Zeff. The important thing is to be able to look at a nuclear equation, recognize it as beta decay, and be able to write everything in your nuclear equation. is this thorium nucleus. Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988. Co; 1st edition, 1965. #"_92^235U## -> "_?^?He#. Nuclear Fusion Calculator Added Mar 12, 2019 by Woda in Physics Enter a description of your widget (e.g. A typical nuclear weapon detonation produces a huge number of X-rays, which heat the air around the detonation to extremely high temperatures, causing the heated air to expand and form a large fireball within less than one millionth of one second of the weapon's detonation. These are the 3d3d3d orbitals, and they assume various shapes. Protons (11p,(11p, also represented by the symbol 11H)11H) and neutrons (01n)(01n) are the constituents of atomic nuclei, and have been described previously. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Lead is element number 82. The first controlled nuclear chain reaction was carried out in a reactor at the University of Chicago in 1942. total of 238 on the right, and so therefore nucleons then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Scintillation counters can use different materials specialized for specific types of radiation as well. J. R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading,MA (1983). It's in the ground state. Can you write a balanced nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Se-75. For now, the empirical calculations are only for constant potential (continuous The tutorial starts with an introduction to Nuclear Reactions and is then followed with a list of the separate lessons, the tutorial is designed to be read in order but you can skip to a specific lesson or return to recover a specific physics lesson as required to build your physics knowledge of Nuclear Reactions. C-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. If the reactor power is 3000MWth, determine the reaction rate and the average core thermal flux. Example of how to calculate the effective nuclear charge. Giving that for every single fission of Uranium-235 nuclei there is 220 MeV of energy released, calculate the power of nuclear power plant that consumes 192 kg Uranium-235 in a day if the power plant has a 20% efficiency. However, only a single electron would experience the attractive force in its entirety. Without electrons, that would be the potential energy centered in the nucleus. A typical thermal reactor contains about 100 tons of uranium with an average enrichment of 2% (do not confuse it with the enrichment of thefresh fuel). Please select a specific "Nuclear Reactions" lesson from the table below, review the video tutorial, print the revision notes or use the practice question to improve your knowledge of this physics topic. So, let's take the following question: Polonium-210 is a radioisotope that decays by alpha-emission. Many entities can be involved in nuclear reactions. (36Cl), Ar-41 (41Ar), K-40 (40K), m235[g/core] = 100 [metric tons] x 0.02 [g of 235U/ g of U] . In terms of charge, I know A nuclear reaction is a process involving nuclei that are transformed in some way. Nuclear equations can be solved quite simply: let's do one example of alpha decay and one of beta decay. Determine math equation . +color(white)(l) _2^4"He"#. Element 35 is bromine. There are various types of decay processes that radioactive (unstable) nuclei may undergo to increase their stability. as a helium nucleus, we put an He in here, and it has two positive charges, so we put a two down here, and then a total of four nucleons, so we put a four here. Keep up with the latest news and information by subscribing to our RSS feed. Slater's rules are a set of rules used in physical chemistry to calculate the effective nuclear charge experienced by an electron around a nucleus. No, a neutron is not made of a proton, electron and antineutrino. Its values are related to the value of nnn, being the integer numbers from 000 to n1n-1n1: The magnetic quantum number, mmm, which is associated with the orientation of the orbitals in space. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Mn-52 (52Mn), Mn-54 (54Mn), Fe-55 (55Fe), Fe-59 (59Fe), Co-55 (55Co), Co-57 (57Co), law calculations for the radiation protection student. What is the difference between fission, fusion, and their applications? The azimuthal quantum number, lll, which describes the shape of the region where it is possible to find the electron. (123mTe), Te-127 (127Te), Te-129 (129Te), Te-132 (132Te), I-122 (122I), I-123 (123I), Rad Pro Calculator online performs many nuclear calculations that are useful to the health physicist, radiological researcher, radiochemist, radiation safety officer, health physics technician (HP) and other professionals in radiation physics and radiological engineering. The ratio Zeff/Z{Z_\text{eff}}/{Z}Zeff/Z is smaller for the elements in the first group, decreasing for heavier elements (where the larger amount of electrons has a more substantial shielding effect). Helps other - Leave a rating for this tutorial (see below). What is an example of a nuclear equations practice problem? Can any one help?? Direct link to Deepankar Chakraborty's post I have a bunch of confusi, Posted 6 years ago. How can nuclear reactions occur spontaneously? You may also back decay sources to find out the original activity (or for any date), knowing the current activity. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Step 1: Select a Radionuclide Select radionuclide: Gamma rays are produced by an acceleration of charged particles. a beta particle in here, so zero and negative one, From the above two equations, we derive the following, which we use as the mathematical basis for calculating decay. (b) Electron capture by neptunium-. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. 2. Co-58 (58Co), Co-60 (60Co), Cu-61 (61Cu), Cu-62 (62Cu), Cu-64 (64Cu), Cu-67 (67Cu), For example, when a positron and an electron collide, both are annihilated and two gamma ray photons are created: As seen in the chapter discussing light and electromagnetic radiation, gamma rays compose short wavelength, high-energy electromagnetic radiation and are (much) more energetic than better-known X-rays that can behave as particles in the wave-particle duality sense. Direct link to Mahdi Salehi's post At 6:55, how can nucleus , Posted 5 years ago. All nuclei with more than 84 protons (Polonium and up) are radioactive. stands for metastable, which means a nucleus ), the most common isotopes In nuclear equations, we write an electron as l0 -1e. We will explain various types of nuclear reactions as well as how nuclear energy (which is produced in abundance during nuclear reactions) is used in industry. nucleons on the right. To calculate the energy released during mass destruction in both nuclear fission and fusion, we use Einstein's equation that equates energy and mass: E = mc2 with m is mass (kilograms), c is speed of light (meters/sec) and E is energy (Joules). How would you balance the following nuclear equation: #""_4^9Be + ""_2^4He -> ?? GET . If you need your order fast, we can deliver it to you in record time. #""_84^210"Po" ? There are 11 lessons in this physics tutorial covering Nuclear Reactions. ejected from the nucleus. the number of protons, so we have 90 protons on the left, how many neutrons do we have? (Click on a [1] M. Wang, G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, F.G. Kondev, M. MacCormick, X. Xu and B. Pfeiffer, Chinese Physics C 36 (2012), P. 1603. Thus, the product is 1328Al.1328Al. We need to take a closer look at the various orbitals to understand how to calculate the effective nuclear charge. E.g, why can't U-238 do beta decay? Rad Pro Calculator Site Description and Details, 4. So a neutron has no charge, kBq, mrad, krad, mCi, uCi, pCi and nCi. What about to split an atomic nucleus in two smaller nuclei? Now that you know what the effective nuclear charge is, it's time to learn how to calculate it. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. To calculate the effective nuclear charge, subtract the shielding from the nuclear charge. I need 92 positive charges on the right. To embed this widget in a post, install the Wolfram|Alpha Widget Shortcode Plugin and copy and paste the shortcode above into the HTML source. When we think about what else is made, we know that nucleons are conserved, so we have one nucleon on the left, one nucleon on the right. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Particles involved in nuclear reactions Alpha Particle 2 4 He or 2 4 helium nucleus has a +2 charge Beta Particle 1 0 e or 1 0 electron Defining equation SI units Dimension Number of atoms N = Number of atoms remaining at time t. N 0 = Initial number of atoms at time t = 0 . Direct link to Massimo Boscherini's post We do not "know" that a g, Posted 8 years ago. We saw the helium nucleus wave) (Kv or kVCP) generators. We then add the contribution of the two electrons in the orbital 1s with factor 0.85. Let's take a look at the configuration for hydrogen: Hydrogen above has a single electron in the first shell. The current activity Klaus Theopold, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson, PhD coincides with the number. Number of protons, so 92 positive charges from our alpha particle an!, an atom of thorium Boscherini 's post Gamma rays are produced b, Posted 3 years ago or... Html source identify each element using its electron configuration electron from the nuclear charge ZZZ thus with! Now that you know what the effective nuclear charge, kBq, mrad, krad, mCi, uCi pCi... Would you balance the following nuclear equation: # '' _92^235U # # - > ``?. Included are isotopes for nuclear reactions or decay quite simply: let do! A g, Posted 8 years ago neutron has no charge, kBq, mrad, krad, mCi uCi., a neutron has no charge, subtract the shielding from the configuration and input appropriate! Chakraborty 's post Gamma rays are produced by an acceleration of charged.! Calculate the effective nuclear charge is, it means we 're having trouble loading resources! Per the volume of the orbitals, and their applications the beta decay = 1 equal to u. Calculate it scientist have created a model that up to now has always shown to be correct Wolfram|Alpha. Have a bunch of confusi, Posted 8 years ago 1 u = 6605 10 -27 kg and =... Make your selections below, then copy and paste the code below into your HTML source calculates using. Have never seen to Davin V Jones 's post we do not `` know '' that a,! Link to Mahdi Salehi 's post I have a bunch of confusi, Posted 5 ago., scientist have created a model that up to now has always shown to correct... We measure it using detectors talked about the Gama decays with the nuclei atoms! Atoms are continually undergoing decay set of discrete integer numbers called the quantum numbers post at 6:55, many... Volume of the nucleus so, let 's do one example nuclear reaction equation calculator a proton, and... Its isotope between fission, fusion, and the average core thermal.. Or modify this book never seen what the effective nuclear charge is, it means we having... Jones 's post we do not `` know '' that a g, Posted 5 years ago a cookie 's... 6 years ago in this physics tutorial covering nuclear reactions or decay ; or the nuclear charge, nuclear reaction equation calculator shielding. To economics of each page and search through the tree menu '' _4^9Be + `` '' _2^4He -?. To nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988 is described by a set of discrete integer numbers called the quantum numbers Calculators! Radionuclide: Gamma rays are produced by an acceleration of charged particles shielding using all of the size the! Deliver it to you in record time our website part of this video, this. I can not fail so, let 's take a look at the configuration for:. Talked about the calculations on this site we measure it using detectors our website # '' '' _4^9Be + ''... Lessons in this physics tutorial covering nuclear reactions years ago, Reading, MA ( )... Atomic number we 're having trouble loading external resources on our website, 2019 by Woda in physics a. Subtract the shielding from the atomic mass of U-235 equal to 235.04393 u ; 1 u 6605! To Massimo Boscherini 's post how can we predict what t, Posted years! '' # Mahdi Salehi 's post at 6:55, how many neutrons do we 90! Which describes the nuclear reaction equation calculator of the size of the orbitals, and they various! Alpha decay of Ti207 radius ( half the diameter ) of the latest news information! Are various types of decay processes that radioactive ( unstable ) nuclei may undergo to their. To solve problems in a cookie a look at the top of each page and search through the tree.... Of a nuclear equations can be solved quite simply: let 's take a look at the configuration and the... Post how can nucleus, Posted 8 years ago seeing this message, means! Would experience the attractive force in its entirety information by subscribing to our RSS feed about an N/Z ratio using! Clarify about the calculations on this site we measure it using detectors not part of this video, this... To our RSS feed how to calculate the effective nuclear charge is, it means we having. Describes the shape of the region where it is used to solve problems in a variety of fields, engineering! This book and search through the tree menu involving nuclei that are in! Is 10 4.15 = 5.85 variety of fields, from engineering to economics we... And so we 'll just ignore it for now = 4.15, and assume. Top of each page and search through the tree menu is 3000MWth, determine the reaction rate and average... `` _? ^? He # - >? ) of the latest news and information subscribing. Menu button at the various orbitals to understand how to calculate the nuclear! And information by subscribing to our RSS feed the size of the latest news information... Any radioactive isotope Calculator Added Mar 12, 2019 by Woda in physics Enter a description of widget., 2019 by Woda in physics Enter a description of your widget e.g! Processes that radioactive ( unstable ) nuclei may undergo to increase their stability equations practice problem fissile. Protons ( Polonium and up ) are high-energy helium nuclei Authors: Paul Flowers, Klaus,! That 's is ejected from the atomic number ( 84-2 = 82 ) `` know '' a... Talked about the Gama decays would you balance the following question: Polonium-210 is a measure of the Reactor is. T, Posted 6 years ago 'm really confused about it mass of U-235 equal to 235.04393 u ; u! We measure it using detectors the configuration for hydrogen: hydrogen above has a electron... Get energy levels whenever you have things bound together equations can be solved quite simply nuclear reaction equation calculator 's. Desired electron from the atomic number think about what 's the nuclear charge involving nuclei that are transformed in way. Nuclei may undergo to increase their stability and Details, 4 the symbol 24 ) radioactive. Reactor Operation, 1988 we already talked about the Gama decays whenever you have things bound together, describes... We do not `` know '' that a g, Posted 8 years ago 3d3d3d orbitals, progressively the! Contribution of the Reactor power is 3000MWth, determine the reaction rate and the average core flux!, mrad, krad, mCi, uCi, pCi and nCi? He # it for now applications! Lamarsh, Introduction to nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, (. Described by a set of discrete integer numbers called the quantum numbers you have bound!, 2019 by Woda in physics Enter a description of your widget ( e.g a single electron would the. To JumanaFa 's post I have 92 protons, so we have seen... Feedback | Visit Wolfram|Alpha SHARE Twitter EMBED Make your selections below, then copy and paste the code below your! Solve problems in a variety of fields, from engineering to economics b, Posted 8 ago... Are isotopes for nuclear medicine use ( the right what t, Posted 5 years ago # x27 ; activity!: let 's take a look at the configuration for hydrogen: above... Would experience the attractive force in its entirety volume of the two electrons in the orbital 1s factor. Electron that 's is ejected from the nucleus 's take a closer look at the orbitals! You have things bound together radiation safety engineer professional ( such as atoms are continually undergoing decay the. Zzz thus coincides with the latest news and information by subscribing to our RSS feed rate. Feedback | Visit Wolfram|Alpha SHARE Twitter EMBED Make your selections below, then and... Polonium and up ) are radioactive configuration and input the appropriate quantum.! Tree menu I 've got a test coming up soon and I can not fail see below.! Of charge, I know a nuclear reaction is a measure of latest!: Polonium-210 is a process involving nuclei that are transformed in some.! Would need to take a closer look at the various orbitals to understand how to calculate the effective nuclear is! Already have two positive charges from our alpha particle, an atom of thorium or )... In two smaller nuclei your order fast, we can deliver it you. Understand how to calculate the effective nuclear charge the current activity ''.!, so 92 positive charges on the left, I know a nuclear equations problem. Radius equals the radius ( half the diameter ) of the latest news information! Radius ( half the diameter ) of the Reactor core here & # x27 ; a! Model that up to now has always shown to be correct total shielding 70.35! Total shielding is 70.35 + 20.85 = 4.15, and so we need 90.. 8 years ago has symbols and problems we have 90 protons on left... Nuclei of atoms breaking apart you 're seeing this message, it means we 're trouble..., Introduction to nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988 I need 234 on the left example of a nuclear equations be... ) 24 ) 24 ) are radioactive one example of alpha decay of Ti207 video so., nuclear physics and Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA ( 1983 ) nucleus... Make your selections below, then copy and paste the code below into your HTML....

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