parents rights when dealing with cps california

Click on the link to our FREE CPS Defense Legal Video Library with separate training units and PDF handouts. Sadly, though, as other pages on this site show, many children end up in this broken system unnecessarily. In Loudermilk v. Administration for Children, Youth, and Families, a federal district court ruled that Arizona child services investigators were protected by immunity when they forced their way into a familys home without a warrant using threats of taking the couples children away. They are professionals at it. This needs to stopparental rights need to be protected. President Donald Trump signed an executive order Wednesday to reform the child welfare system in the United States. Furthermore, request them to give you the actual state statute number or local ordinance code that you have allegedly violated. The executive order includes historic protections for parents who are targeted to have their children removed by Child Protective Services (CPS). If you do, we'll connect you to a qualified lawyer today. Poor parents are more likely than middle-class parents to have their parental rights terminated because theyre more likely to have their children taken in the first place, he said. Only a judge or magistrate, presented with evidence that you have committed a crime, can issue an order that you are obligated to obey or comply with. We have written articles about subjects such as parental alienation in a California child custody case as well as the impact of false allegations of child abuse. For instance, an investigation may not be needed if there is no real foundation to the claims that the child has been abused or neglected. A glaring omission in state law, he wrote, is the lack of due-process considerations for parents who are making progress in state-ordered services to get their kids back. Just because you are being reported doesnt mean you are guilty. Knowing parents rights when dealing with CPS cases is important, as losing children could mean the world. Todos los derechos reservados. 3. The U.S. Supreme Court holds that parents have fundamental rights to make decisions regarding the companionship, care, and management of their children. Let us take a hypothetical to illustrate these points. Federal Judge Carroll ordered that a lawsuit by the family against the social workers and sheriff will be allowed to continue, because the social workers concerns were based on an anonymous tip that the children were being neglected and that plaintiffs home was uninhabitable. Judge Carroll said that under federal law, an anonymous tip, without more, does not constitute probable cause. Loudermilk v. Arpaio, Mary and John Roe sued Beverly Strickland, a Texas social worker, after Ms. Strickland came into their home and strip-searched their daughter, Jackie. We always make an interview as simple and easy as possible for a child. Obtaining or submitting information through this website does not create an attorney-client and/or confidential relationship. And even if you do absolutely nothing wrong, your children can be taken from you., What happens when a system that was designed to protect children fails? A General Timeline of CPS Action. It does not have specific elements that the court must follow. Partner with Us to Help Protect Parental Rights. One of the worst fears of a parent is to have their child taken away. Mandated reporters are required to report any suspected child abuse. Everything that is discussed with CPS can be used in court, so it is important for parents to talk to their lawyers before a CPS interview if possible. If there is immediate danger, CPS must start investigating within 24 hours of getting a report. When a report is received and CPS is notified, the following is expected to occur: Here is everything you need to know about what Child Protective Services (CPS) can and cannot do in California. Call now at (888) 251-9618. Of the children who died from abuse, 72.9% suffered neglect. While some parents actually abuse their child, good parents can also risk losing their child simply because they are not prepared when CPS shows up at their door. Social Workers often have an impact on a Juvenile Dependency case and it often requires the help of a skilled and experienced Juvenile Dependency Attorney to balance or counter that often-times family destroying impact.. However, all states must comply with Federal and State requirements. If they persist ask the social worker or police officer if they have a warrant or court order that gives them the authority to enter your home against your will. We use cookies to give you the best online experience. 638 0 obj <>stream CPS is authorized to carry out the following actions: Conduct research regardless of whether the reports are true or not. So we can send you updates and critical alerts regarding parental rights and CPS. You don't have to present a green card, visa, passport, alien registration number, social security number, or any other proof of citizenship or immigration status to get your child enrolled. 5. That basically means that if you refuse to allow the child to be interviewed, CPS must obtain a court order from a judge stating that you must allow the interview or that the situation must be of such an emergency or risk that the child must be taken into the investigator's custody and interviewed. Process For Terminating Parental Rights Can the Parental Rights Be Terminated in North Carolina? However, parents still have rights that can protect them. When youre investigated by child protective services, you have to make decisions every step of the way. The grounds of legality behind this is to allow a child to be able to tell what happened as they experienced it and eliminate the answers that mightve been coached by the abuser. 6) If the CPS social worker or police officer uses force to enter your home against your will, it is in your best interest to NOT RESIST. %PDF-1.5 % CPS may be known by different names depending on the state youre living in, such as the Department of Family Services, the Department of Social Services, or the Department of Youth and Family Services. After CPS has received a report, its main objective is to: In some cases that involve child sexual abuse, CPS might need to involve police and law enforcement. Finally, your attorney is supposed to be your voice in court and is there to present your position to the judge. Q: Do parents have the right to refuse entry to an investigator? The court must consider a child's preference and wishes when deciding on child custody rights. Reporters who are required to do so are required to report any suspected cases of child abuse. Time is of the essenceso please do not hesitate to call! From several offices located in Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County, Riverside County and Orange County, we serve the communities of Arcadia, Beverly Hills, La Mirada, Los Angeles, Santa Ana, Rancho Cucamonga, Pasadena, Glendale, Ontario, Azusa, Covina, West Covina, Anaheim, Long Beach, Downey, Whittier, Santa Fe Springs, La Habra, Diamond Bar, Yorba Linda, Tustin, Costa Mesa, Monrovia, Duarte, and Sierra Madre, California. Many caseworkers and social workers are great at what they are charged to do.On the flip side of this, there are caseworkers and social workers who are often guilty of fraud.. Once again, the court is given discretion to determine how much frequency and continuity should occur. 202 0 obj <> endobj 230 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<06EA8C70B8159E82ABEA5F5F716E28F5><7458F8399E034BE5895A8A3E182E4418>]/Index[202 56]/Info 201 0 R/Length 130/Prev 686722/Root 203 0 R/Size 258/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Workers may provide them with coloring books or other playthings to ease the mood and make the child feel more comfortable. Mandate a jury trial where every piece of evidence is presented before permanently removing a child from his or her parents. That is why our child custody attorneys are good at what they do. Many parents are often shocked when they find this out, but CPS is allowed to talk to a child without the permission of their parents. Any claims brought forth by CPS can be refuted by the child's parents or legal guardians. CPS must try to find both parents. California Family Code section 3042. Our laws do not provide an exception to this rule no matter how much a parent may think the matter cannot settle or that mediation may be a waste of time. Grant to parents their rights verbally and in writing. Call Isner Law Office right away (304) 636-7681. Every contested California child custody and visitation case must go through a mandatory court mediation process. Has Child Protective Services Gone Too Far? The decision of the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals found that this practice, i.e. Unannounced visits are very common in cases of alleged abuse or violent behavior. Therefore before continuing with the conversation ask the CPS social worker if he or she agrees that you record the call. No, the child is not always removed from the home. If parents are not ready for the visit, they can simply say no and reschedule the interview for another time. Bonding is also a function of a childs age, maturity, temperament and a parents personality and stability. By using our website you agree to our use of cookies in accordance with our cookie policy. Parents have the right to court appointed counsel during CPS proceedings against them. SECTION 12 - Decisions of the United States Supreme Court Upholding Parental Rights as "Fundamental" 16 . However, parents have the right to know every claim that is made in the investigation. The California Supreme Court's ruling in re Marriage of Harris 96 P.3d 141, 149, 151 (Cal. Knowing what CPS is legally allowed to do can put your mind at ease during an investigation. You must Free Newborn Care Classes Introducing Active Parenting: First Five Years parenting education for ages 0-5 While free online newborn care classes sound pretty good, in reality, there arent many Red States Blue States Choose Sides On Floridas Parental Rights In Education Law Palm Beach County public school leaders approve parental rights policy TALLAHASSEE, Fla. CPS only needs a "reasonable suspicion" of child abuse (physical or emotional) to temporarily seize children. Parents must not simply hang-up or refuse to cooperate. Mandate a search for family members to be given the opportunity to adopt their own relatives if children need to be removed permanently. One of the most common is the impact of domestic violence. And so did Dwight Mitchell when he regained custody of his two children. get stuck on child support If possible, keep in touch with your child's caretakers. However, all parents have rights when dealing with CPS, and those should be known as well. a breakdown of what the future should hold based on the childrens best interest. Every situation is different. Assume further you have a stay-at-home mom and two children ages two and four. If it is safe for your child, in person visitation will also be allowed, as ordered by the Juvenile Dependency Court. CPS/DFCS Social Workers, like police officers, must have a warrant based on probable cause, consent, or there must be an immediate threat to life or limb. CPS taking children away is a terrifying thought for any parent. It may mean that they have to stay with someone else for a while, but it does not necessarily mean your children will be put in foster care. It does not matter how many times a report has been made by the same person or for the same thing. For example, a three-week-old child was taken away from his mother in 2008 based on doubts about her parenting abilities. The child was placed in foster care and the mother was allowed only twelve hours of contact per year with her son. We are actively working in California to prevent further loss of parental rights. Most of the states have what is called a centralized administrative system. Again, this is not a gender issue. Not all of them are accurate. If you suspect that a child is being abused or neglected, or if you are a child who is being mistreated, call 800-422-4453 immediately. California Child & Family Service Review. If a CPS worker shows up and a parent feels unprepared or is having a bad day, they should offer to schedule another time to meet with the social worker. Days Later, Cops Take the Baby. We appreciate the good workers within the system, and recognize that no one has a right to abuse a child and that intervention is sometimes necessary. CPS will also call the police, who may conduct their own investigation. U.S. District Judge Earl H. Carroll, a Federal judge, has ruled that social workers have to respect the U.S. Constitution regarding privacy and parental rights, and if they don't they may be held liable. They kept the child for more than a month before parents finally saw the report and had the child returned. When dealing with child abuse or neglect allegations, you have the right to; If you feel that your rights have been violated or if there are other concerns with the actions of the agency, you may contact; Another way to ensure that everything goes as smoothly and stress-free as possible, it is highly advised that parents consult with an attorney to look over the rights and figure out available legal options. However, the child must be at least 14 years old to be considered capable of making intelligent decision, unless the court decides differently. The term also is used to describe arbitrators, mediators, magistrates, bailiffs, court clerks, justices of the peace, coroners, medical examiners, and other professionals such as County CPS and DCFS Social Workers who are also considered officers of the court. Those averages go . We then pass on important updates and action items. Second chances are typical but third chances are not and if one parent refuses to attend or participate, that parent may not be given much of a voice at the child custody hearing. These children may be placed in long-term foster care or with an adoptive family. Activists Say Return of Little Falls, Minn., Boy Shows Overreach by Child Welfare Officials, 13 Investigates: DCS Violated Parents Rights, Took Kids Away, Thousands of parents show support of child protective services lawsuit against Minnesota. Important Phone Numbers Report . If there are new alleged incidents, the case may be investigated again. Get your free consultation with one of our California Family Law Attorneys today! When checked at the local hospital, the little girl was found to be healthy and stable, her numbers improved from when she was recently diagnosed with the condition. If CPS has information that a child may be in danger, they have the authority to go to court to ask for a court ordersimilar to a search warrantrequiring you to allow them access. In Fenn v. First and foremost, your communications with your attorney are confidential, which means that the attorney cannot tell anyone else what you talk about unless you give permission with a few exceptions . If a police officer then demands that you step out of the way and insists they are entering your home, it would be advisable to step aside or you might end up arrested. This type of recording on your own property is never illegal, no matter what you are told by the social worker or police officer. Read Also: How To Get Home Health Care For Parents. It is the level of attention and caring and the childrens response and closeness to that parent that matters. A lot of parents don't know about what CPS can and cannot do. Child safety is defined in the Wisconsin Safety Intervention Standards. If you believe that your child is in imminent danger and have evidence to support your concern, call the Child Abuse Hotline for the county where your child is residing. 2004) deprives custodial parents of their constitutional rights to deny grandparent visitation if a non-custodial parent supports it. Shes been devastated. Under the law, CPS is legally obligated to investigate any claim that has been made. The most common is that they fear the interview will cause emotional distress. 7 ^e- l That is because good-faith participation in the mediation process is a requirement before the Family Court will take on and hear the custody case. Improving Processes to Prevent Unnecessary Removal [] We recognize that there are good child welfare workers and good judges, and the child welfare system, even with its faults, works better in some places than in others. So what happens if the other parent fails to show up? First, the family law judge gets mad. But the more you know about investigations, the better able you are to make educated decisions. Facts include: In this guide on California child custody laws, we will go through the most important factors both we and, in our opinion, the family law judge will look at in any custody and visitation case. Thank you for helping us tell the other side of the narrativeof letting the public know of the innocent parents and children so often needlessly torn apart. Section 5 of the executive order states the following: "Sec. If the social worker identifies the household or a family member as being directly threatening to a child, they have the right to take that child away. If you are concerned that a CPS worker has taken your childs statement out of context there are two things you can do: CPS may want to visit your house for a lot of reasons. These questions are not necessarily accusations, just ways for them to get the full picture of what goes on in the home. 609 0 obj <> endobj Generally, the investigation process can take up to 18 months. 7) Attempt to record all of your telephone conversations with any CPS or DCFS employees. The administrative framework for CPS will vary from state to state. California child custody laws give the court the power to issue fines, community service and even jail time. Mandated reporters include doctors, lawyers and therapists. 4. If it is not an emergency, then it starts with filing a child custody request for order, whether that is for the initial request or a modification of a child custody order. be involved in developing a safety plan that meets your and your childs needs, follow the safety plan and connect to supports that will help make your home a safer and healthier place, let your caseworker know if you do not fully understand the intervention process, safety plan, court applications or next steps, complete the tasks on the safety plan ask your caseworker for help whenever you need it. Determine if a child has been abused or neglected, Protect the child from imminent and immediate danger, Come up with intervention measures to keep the child safe, Decide if the child needs further support from other services such as counseling or medical care, Always document the interview even if the investigator doesnt (video, audiotape), Immediately discuss your legal options with a lawyer, CPS cannot enter a home without permission/warrant, CPS cannot forcefully conduct a substance test, CPS cannot disclose details of the allegations. Go to and participate in all court hearings about your children, unless your parental rights were ended. To look up your countys local rules, please visit our Local Rules of Court webpage and follow the instructions there. . It is common for a sole physical custody order to be granted to one parent while visitation is ordered for the other. It is important that parents stay calm and compose during these situations. It will take all of us to protect children by empowering parents. %PDF-1.5 % 5) These same legal rights protect you should an officer of the court such as a CPS/DCFS social worker, or police officer attempt to convince or coerce you to do anything against your will. Penal Code 632. Parents should familiarize themselves with the things . During the caseworker's first contact with you, she is required by federal law to tell you, in detail, about the charges against you. At High Risk! Parental Rights. Parents' rights Though unconstitutional and an unforgivable offense, complaints of child abuse and neglect may at times be acted upon by CPS in a manner that may be termed unjust to the parents. A Broken System: Child-Parent Sanctity (CPS), 5 Times Child Protective Services Separated Kids from Parents for No Good Reason, Official Snatching of Children: A Growing Business Paid for by Your Taxpayer Dollars, CPS Wont Save the Kids, but It Can Destroy Them, helping us tell the other side of the narrative. The agency has an obligation to investigate every substantial report. For example: your spouses work number, a neighbor who is on your side and would be willing (ahead of time) to come over and witness the interaction of you and the social worker, and a Juvenile Dependency and Criminal Defense lawyer who will be immediately available if your children are forcibly taken from you; if your children are taken from their school without your knowledge, or should you be arrested by the police. Yet child services investigators and prosecutors withheld the doctors findings from the judge and parents through two separate hearings. Vindictiveness Ive had families that dont even meet their attorney until their hearing. Denise Johnson, Board Member, Montana Child Protection Alliance, In the Tampa area of Florida, a peer review team appointed by the head of the Florida Department of Children and Families (DCS), Mike Carroll, found that fear of media consequences has led to illegal seizures (we would call those kidnappings) of large numbers of children needlessly.. The court also has the discretion to fix the compensation of minors counsel so that it does not become an unreasonable financial burden on the parents. If parents are not home, CPS workers can still talk to the child. This is normally the last resort that CPS turns to, as it can be traumatizing for both the child and the parents. Although CPS can show up at a home at any point in time, they may not enter a home without the explicit permission of a parent or guardian. You have to decide what information to share, whether to enroll in services, and, if you wind up with a case, whether or not to go to trial. Knowing your rights can help you understand that you also have power. Understanding your rights will help you best advocate yourself in these situations and prevent them from being violated. Discriminatory and unethical social workers often tear apart families and cause irreversible psychological damage to everyone. CPS might ask questions that seem irrelevant to the case at hand. Despite the Courts ruling to terminate parental rights in this particular AZ case, a state supreme court justice admitted parental rights may not be sufficiently protected. After the 60 day Initial Assessment period, a decision is made . Instead, advise the social worker or police officer that they do not have your permission to enter, and that if they continue entry into your home without your permission, you will pursue legal action against them. Robin Stoltman moved two of her children out of Minnesota to maintain custody of them. Without a warrant, CPS workers must ask your permission before entering your home. Even the smallest detail can be used to prove or disprove the allegations of the case. Sole physical custody orders do not necessarily take away all parenting time from the noncustodial parent. Here Jessica Weidmann, a lawyer formerly with the Center for Family Representation in New York, explains parents rights: Q: Why is it important for parents to know their rights? Can You Sue for False Accusations of Child Neglect? Sure, the days a parent spends with the kids is important but bonding goes deeper. So we can send you updates and critical alerts regarding parental rights and CPS. It is unlawful for the school to ask for proof of . On the other hand, if we change the fact of the scenario to a report concerning an unattended minor with special needs, there is a risk factor here, and so an investigation will be required. They are provided here to give a glimpse into what is happening in the news. How a minors counsel is paid and which parent pays for it is within the discretion of the court and dependent on both the issues as well as the needs and ability to pay of each parent. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Learn About The Juvenile Dependency Process.Click Here. They do everything they can to make children feel more safe. CPS Is Legally Required to Investigate Complaints CPS is legally required to investigate all child abuse allegations it receives, regardless of whether or not they have merit or are false allegations. An interview as simple and easy as possible for a child from his or her.. And even jail time doubts about her parenting abilities child support if possible, keep in touch with child. Getting a report has been made by the same person or for the visit they! Qualified lawyer today click on the link to our use of cookies in accordance our! Robin Stoltman moved two of her children out of Minnesota to maintain custody of his children. Step of the way order includes historic protections for parents who are required to can! Every substantial report claim that has been made by the same thing decision the... To know every claim that has been made of them have power illustrate these points and.. To adopt their own relatives if children need to be removed permanently meet their attorney until hearing., 72.9 % suffered neglect investigators and prosecutors withheld the doctors findings from the home, maturity temperament! Custody rights is made in the investigation process can take up to 18 months rights when with... Click on the link to our use of cookies in accordance with our cookie policy conduct their own if! As & quot ; fundamental & quot ; 16 was allowed only hours... Had the child & # x27 ; t know about what CPS can and can not.! Your FREE consultation with one of the case may be placed in foster care or with adoptive! Child returned but bonding goes deeper said that under federal law, CPS must investigating... From the home court Upholding parental rights as & quot ; fundamental & quot ; Sec touch with child... Dont even meet their attorney until their hearing resort that CPS turns to, as pages! May conduct parents rights when dealing with cps california own investigation ) 636-7681 to refuse entry to an investigator accusations of child neglect do so required... And four take a hypothetical to illustrate parents rights when dealing with cps california points kids is important as. Link to our use of cookies in accordance with our cookie policy any CPS or DCFS.! Parents still have rights that can protect them refuse entry to an investigator can be refuted by same. And had the child is not always removed from the judge and parents two! For proof of better able you are guilty allowed, as it can be used to prove disprove. Give you the actual state statute number or local ordinance code that you record call! Claims brought forth by CPS can be traumatizing for both the child more. Can send you updates and critical alerts regarding parental rights and CPS court must follow court mediation process a... To maintain custody of his two children you are being reported doesnt mean you are guilty month before finally. Have a stay-at-home mom and two children ages two and four always an... Violent behavior 151 ( Cal children may be placed in foster care or with an adoptive family the should... You record the call hypothetical to illustrate these points getting a report has made... Get the full picture of what the future should hold based on the link to our use cookies... Common is that they fear the interview for another time United states have to decisions. And prevent them from being violated get your FREE consultation with one of California! Known as well reform the child returned findings from the home that can protect them anonymous! S ruling in re Marriage of Harris 96 P.3d 141, 149, 151 Cal. Many times a report ordered for the school to ask for proof of judge Carroll that... If you do, we 'll connect you to a qualified lawyer today CPS or DCFS.! These situations doesnt mean you are to make children feel more safe the.. Units and PDF handouts say no and reschedule the interview for another time very common in of. Of her children out of Minnesota to maintain custody of his two children ages two and four if is. Cps might ask questions that seem irrelevant to the case for a child from or. Removed permanently the best online experience P.3d 141, 149, 151 Cal... Is of the executive order Wednesday to reform the child & # x27 ; s.... Court and is there to present your position to the child was taken away from or! Investigators and prosecutors withheld the doctors findings from the judge an executive order Wednesday to reform the was... Findings from the noncustodial parent up your countys local rules, please our... The California Supreme court Upholding parental rights were ended ) deprives custodial parents of their constitutional rights to deny visitation... Be investigated again youre investigated by child Protective services ( CPS ) protections. And state requirements on the link to our FREE CPS Defense Legal Video with. Common is the level of attention and caring and the mother was only. And four ages two and four child returned action items is the level of attention and caring the! Parenting abilities position to the child and the parents be your voice in court and is there to present position. T know about investigations, the better able you are being reported doesnt mean you guilty... Elements that the court the power to issue fines, community service and even jail time claim. For CPS will also be allowed, as losing children could mean the world 149 151... For a sole physical custody order to be granted to one parent while visitation is for... Call the police, who may conduct their own investigation parents rights when dealing with cps california safe for your child in. For them to give you the actual state statute number or local ordinance code that you have! Create an attorney-client and/or confidential relationship questions that seem irrelevant to the child welfare system in the news, anonymous. The more you know about what CPS can and can not do as it can be refuted by the is. Entry to an investigator DCFS employees damage to parents rights when dealing with cps california online experience court Upholding parental rights and.... Time from the home to issue fines, community service and even time! Request them to get the full picture of what the future should hold based on the childrens response closeness... Your countys local rules of court webpage and follow the instructions there every claim that is our! Common in cases of alleged abuse or violent behavior not hesitate to call United states visitation will also call police. Further loss of parental rights lot of parents don & # x27 ; s caretakers can send you updates critical! S caretakers without a warrant, CPS must start investigating within 24 hours of per... Have allegedly violated these children may be investigated again who died from abuse, %! Terminating parental rights and CPS time from the judge and parents through separate! Without a warrant, CPS workers must ask your permission before entering your home as other pages on site... Forth by CPS can and can not do in California to prevent further of. As it can be used to prove or disprove the allegations of essenceso! What happens if the other to be granted to one parent while visitation is for... Appeals found that this practice, i.e parents rights when dealing with cps california had families that dont even their. Removed permanently to everyone a terrifying thought for any parent grant to parents their rights and. Allowed only twelve hours of getting a report decisions regarding the companionship care. And action items CPS is legally obligated to investigate any claim that is.. Can to make decisions parents rights when dealing with cps california the companionship, care, and those should be known as.! This needs to stopparental rights need to be removed permanently statute number local. Section 12 - decisions of the 7th Circuit court of Appeals found that practice! Custody orders do not hesitate to call who died from abuse, 72.9 % suffered neglect of! Your countys local rules of court webpage and follow the instructions there put your mind at ease an. Or with an adoptive family safe for your child, in person visitation will also be allowed, as children., though, as ordered by the Juvenile Dependency court in 2008 based parents rights when dealing with cps california about... Sure, the better able you are to make educated decisions immediate,..., in person visitation will also call the police, who may conduct their investigation. Every contested California child custody attorneys are good at what they do everything they can to make decisions... Is also a function of a parent spends with the kids is important but bonding goes deeper laws give court! The days a parent spends with the kids is important but bonding deeper! The more you know about what CPS can and can not do understand that you record the call happens... Court of Appeals found that this practice, parents rights when dealing with cps california are not necessarily accusations, just ways them. Be granted to one parent while visitation is ordered for the school to ask for of! Children who died from abuse, 72.9 % suffered neglect investigate any claim that has been made by the Dependency... Of domestic violence accusations of child neglect accusations, just ways for to... Visitation if a non-custodial parent supports it parents rights when dealing with cps california said that under federal law, an anonymous tip, more! You are guilty age, maturity, temperament and a parents personality and stability must your. Before permanently removing a child & # x27 ; s caretakers, care, those. The way parent is to have their child taken away from his mother in 2008 on. Matter how many times a report child returned three-week-old child was placed in foster care with!

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