why is miss marie called the maginot line

Discount, Discount Code Besides that, a few private houses are built atop some blockhouses.[34]. They live above the Breedlove apartment and befriend Pecola. The pie that should become a pleasant memory for Pecola will only be a pleasant memory for the little white girl"Polly" exerts all her effort in trying to make the house of the white folks feel like a home. Pauline has had a lame foot since age twothe narrator opens by saying that to find out how her dreams died, one should look either to her lame foot (as Pauline does) or to her lost front tooth. By referring to the floor as hers, Mrs. Breedlove reveals her desire to be a part of and take some ownership over the white family's home. [18] The power of properly dug-in defensive trenches had been amply demonstrated during World War I, when a few soldiers manning a single machine gun post could kill hundreds of the enemy in the open and therefore building a massive defensive line with subterranean concrete shelters was the most rational use of French manpower. Claudia and Frieda run away and decide that even though Pecolas mother works on the other side of town, Friedas situation is dire enough that they should go find her. "The Maginot Line fit perfectly with this kind of thinking.". (including. High-voltage Transmission Lines, initially above-ground but then buried, and connected to the civil power grid, provided electric power to the many fortifications and fortresses. That resulted in "the media exaggerating their descriptions by turning the line into an impregnable fortified position that would seal the frontier". Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Joffre had support from Marshal Henri Philippe Ptain, and the government organised many reports and commissions. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. The sisters go to the Breedlove home, but no one is there. The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack. In discussion with General Brousseau, the commander of the Metz sector and other officers, the general outlined the French problem in extending the line to the sea in that placing the line along the Belgian-German border required the agreement of Belgium, but putting the line along the French-Belgian border relinquished Belgium to the Germans. It was a series of bunkers, forts, turrets, and obstacles that spanned more than 450 miles of France's border with Germany. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. Pauline learns to love the soft blonde hair of her employers' child and despise the thicker black curls of her own daughter. The line included the following retractable turrets. Wed love to have you back! She depends upon their interpretation of what has taken place in order to understand it herself. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! [12], The great conclusion that was drawn in Paris after the Ruhrkampf and the 1924 London Conference was that France could not make unilateral military moves to uphold Versailles as the resulting British hostility to such moves was too dangerous to the republic. This was impossible elsewhere as the other parts of the line were located in civilian areas.[10]. These anti-tank obstacles extended from end to end in front of the main works, over hundreds of kilometres, interrupted only by extremely dense forests, rivers, or other nearly impassable terrains. What does the word "festers" mean? For the girls, the beauty of the homes likewise signifies their worth and the worth of the people who live in them. [42], Marc Romanych and Martin Rupp highlight that "poor decisions and missed opportunities" plagued the line and point to its purpose of conserving manpower: "about 20 percent of [France's] field divisions remained inactive along the Maginot Line". This points toward a source of Pecola's suffering: she cannot see herself, because she is invisible to so many. Purchasing We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Miss Marie is insulted when Claudia tells her she is "ruined." While the Germans built a fleet of bombers and armored vehicles for their mobile blitzkrieg strategy, the French were putting the finishing touches on their very large and static underground fortresses. The theme of love's scarcity can be seen in the treatment of Marie and the other prostitutes, whose names recall their vulnerable status. He shot at Henry and Henry ran away. Why does Maureen have a privilege status in the school community? The line wasn't Maginot's idea alone, but he helped push the ambitious, multimillion-franc project through parliament. The MacTeer family does not have light eyes. [21] Reflecting memories of World War I, the French General Staff had developed the concept of la puissance du feu ("the power of fire"), the power of artillery dug in and sheltered by concrete and steel, to inflict devastating losses on an attacking force. There are hints that his mother was insane. Mr. Yacobowski The local grocer, a middle-aged white immigrant. The Maginot Line, an array of defenses that France built along its border with Germany in the 1930s, was designed to prevent an invasion. They associate being "ruined" with the prostitutes, as they sense it has something to do with distasteful sexual interactions like the one Frieda experienced, and assume because Miss Marie is fat, she must be ruined. Knowing he can't grant her wish, he tells her that it will be granted if she brings some meat to the dog on the porch outside. Her mother reinforces this connection as well. Gros Ouvrages: These fortresses were the most important fortifications on the Maginot Line, having the sturdiest construction and the heaviest artillery. The serpent, constructed over a period of 11 years at a cost of some seven billion prewar francs, was France's last, best hope to avert another German invasion, another devastating war. In Did you have a question about the first chapter of Bluest Eye. The hot pie filling burns Pecola's legs painfully, but when Mrs. Breedlove returns and sees the mess she runs to Pecola and backhands her, knocking the girl down. The thinness of her companions is then connected to whisky (again based on something that they have heard their mother say, but which they misunderstood), and so they undertake a quest to procure whisky for Frieda. A neighbor, Mr. Buford, arrived and gave Mr. MacTeer a gun. He feels that is right for a black girl like Pecola to long to "see the world with blue eyes," but a thoughtful reader will note that eye color does not have an effect on vision. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. This passage foretells the sexual violence and oppression experienced by the female characters of The Bluest Eye. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. She then comforts the little white girl and begins to clean the black stain off of her pink dress. Line of fortifications along the French/German border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished. Maginot Line. In analysing the Maginot Line, Ariel Ilan Roth summarised its main purpose: it was not "as popular myth would later have it, to make France invulnerable", but it was constructed "to appeal flanking far outweigh the appeal of attacking them head on". The lies about traveling with the prostitutes points to her desire to escape her abusive home and see the world. French strategy, therefore, envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. More scarring and memorable than any prior source in the novel, Pecolas own mother reinforces the message the girls have been receiving about the superiority of whites. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. He rents from an old woman with a nasty, aging dog named Bob. Border Post line: This consisted of blockhouses and strong houses, which were often camouflaged as inoffensive residential homes, built within a few metres of the border and manned by troops to give the alarm in the event of a surprise attack and to delay enemy tanks with prepared explosives and barricades. Read an in-depth analysis of Cholly Breedlove. He goes on to live a life of alcoholism, marries Pauline but refuses to be faithful to her, and, we are told in an offhand manner, murders three white men. Contact us Breedlove. Behind them were minefields and tank traps made from row after row of porcupine-like iron girders that would cripple armored vehicles. The protagonist of the novel, an eleven-year-old Black girl who believes that she is ugly and that having blue eyes would make her beautiful. However, they can never be white, and their worship of their colonial masters and hatred of their African ancestry has turned them into a twisted and self-loathing people. Music Producer, Rapper, Gamer, Artist , Just trying to make it through this thing called LIFE!! Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family. [46] Historians have pointed to numerous reasons for the French defeat: faulty strategy and doctrine, dispersion of forces, the loss of command and control, poor communications, faulty intelligence that provided excessive German numbers, the slow nature of the French response to the German penetration of the Ardennes and a failure to understand the nature and speed of the German doctrine. These were composed of at least six "forward bunker systems" or "combat blocks" and two entrances and were connected via a network of tunnels that often featured narrow gauge electric railways for transport between bunker systems. You'll also receive an email with the link. Saltzman provided art director Syd Cain with a tour of the complex. When the Allied forces invaded in June 1944, the line, now held by German defenders, was again largely bypassed; fighting touched only portions of the fortifications near Metz and in northern Alsace towards the end of 1944. Love in the Bluest Eye is often paired with violence. There are several kinds of armoured cloches. The location of the Siegfried Line lies on the border of Germany and France. . But when Hitler and the Nazis rose to power in the early 1930s, they quickly backed out of the Treaty of Versailles and began equipping for a much different kind of war. Subsequently the Line was of minimal military importance, and many of the fortress divisions surrendered without even fighting. [2] French and British officers had anticipated the geographical limits of the Maginot Line; when Germany invaded the Netherlands and Belgium, they carried out plans to form an aggressive front that cut across Belgium and connected to the Maginot Line. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. "They cashed in their chips. The Maginot Line was designed to resist attacks by aerial bombardment, artillery and ground forces. The Germans then broke through the fortification line as defending French forces retreated southward. [18], After 1918, the German economy was twice as large as that of France; Germany had a population of 70 million compared to France's 40 million, and the French economy was hobbled by the need to reconstruct the enormous damage of World War I, while German territory had seen little fighting. How long did it take to built the maginot line? the air battle, which lasted the into the fall of 1940. Origin of Marie. They realize the other prostitutes are not fat, and based on their mother's gossip about the prostitutes believe the reason for this is because they drink whiskey. Observation Posts were located on hills that provided a good view of the surrounding area. The word cloche is a French term meaning bell due to its shape. The French side of this border is called the Maginot Line, where the French built a tremendous fortification across from the then Westwall/Hindenburg Line. Refine any search. who had replaced Neville Chamberlain as a prime minister. She is tall and impressive, and she carries a hickory stick. The way the content is organized, These women are the local prostitutes in Loraine, Ohio. Rgiments d'artillerie de position (RAP) consisted of static artillery units. Artillery was coordinated with protective measures to ensure that one fort could support the next in line by bombarding it directly without harm. Dont have an account? Ace your assignments with our guide to The Bluest Eye! China, Poland, and Miss Marie These women are the local prostitutes in Loraine, Ohio. Between 1930 and 1940, the Maginot Line Construction cost France a total of 3 billion francs. The Nazis knew that the heart of the Maginot Line was nearly impenetrable, so they feinted attacks along the heavily fortified border while they planned for their massive 1940 invasion of France through the Netherlands and Belgium. The secret German-Soviet cooperation started in 1921. In 1968, when scouting locations for On Her Majesty's Secret Service, producer Harry Saltzman used his French contacts to gain permission to use portions of the Maginot Line as SPECTRE headquarters in the film. Safety Quarters were built near the major fortifications so fortress (ouvrage) crews could reach their battle stations in the shortest possible time in the event of a surprise attack during peacetime. The reinforced concrete of the forts was thicker than any theretofore used, the disappearing guns bigger and more heavily . creating and saving your own notes as you read. Their father's reaction, while violent, demonstrates the love he has for his family, which is contrasted later when Cholly rapes Pecola, simultaneously failing to protect her and acting as the aggressor. Sadly, Maureen uses what they admire against them, she even taunts Picola with Bluest Eye study guide contains a biography of Toni Morrison, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Claudia attempts to assuage Frieda's fear by telling her that, they walk around the side of the building to try the side door, they encounter, the prostitutes give her pretty dresses and shoes, take her to the movies, and that, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. The Maginot Line ( French: Ligne Maginot, IPA: [li maino] ), named after the French Minister of War Andr Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. [13] From 1871 forward, French elites had concluded that France had no hope of defeating Germany on its own, and France would need an alliance with another great power to defeat the Reich. One Saturday afternoon in spring, Cholly, while totally drunk, rapes his daughter. By the time the Germans crossed into French soil through Belgium, the fight was all but over. She accepts everyone elses assumption that she is superior and is capable of both generosity and cruelty. Over time, she begins to devote all of her energy to taking care of the Fishers' home, and neglects her own home. She loses her tooth, Pauline tells us, while biting into a piece of candy at the movies. Soaphead Church, whose real name is Elihue Whitcomb, is a man of mixed race from the Caribbean. A light-skinned, wealthy Black girl who is new at the local school. However, Frieda is crying now because Miss Dunion's words have taken hold; she's worried now that she's "ruined." If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Built between 1930 and 1940, it was one of the world's most impressive forts, yet it proved to be almost . The fights become more and more violent. This let the French concentrate their best armies and their mechanized troops in the open . Dave Roos For the girls, their mother's word is law: they dislike Marie based on their mother's dislike of Marie. Even as an adult, Mrs. Breedlove is inferior to the little white girl, as shown when the little girl calls her by the nickname "Polly." This moment is something to bear in mind later on, when we learn what happens to Pecola under similar circumstances. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium, the line did not extend to the English Channel. Many believe it to mean "sea of bitterness" or "sea of sorrow." However, some sources cite the alternative definitions of "rebellion," "wished-for child," and "mistress or lady of the sea." The name is borne in the Bible by the mother . 20% The kitchen is spotless, with white porcelain and white woodwork. She knows that Henrys actions are inappropriate, but she does not understand what they mean. Although the alliances with Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia were appreciated in Paris, it was widely understood that this was no compensation for the absence of Britain and the United States. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. All these troops wore distinctive uniform insignia and considered themselves among the elite of the French Army. Continue to start your free trial. Frieda equates being "ruined" to being like the Maginot Line, because she heard her mother say that the Maginot Line was a "ruined" woman. When the girls witness Miss Marie's ugliness first hand, their misunderstood notion of what it means to be "ruined" is fully recognized. Static defensive positions were therefore intended not only to buy time but to economise on men by defending an area with fewer and less mobile forces. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Instant PDF downloads. By the time Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it was clear to French military leaders that they had greatly underestimated the speed and ruthless efficiency of the German blitzkrieg. Both static and mobile artillery units were assigned to defend the Maginot Line. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. The British diplomat Sir Eric Phipps, who attended the conference, commented afterwards that: The London Conference was for the French 'man in the street' one long Calvary as he saw M. Herriot abandoning one by one the cherished possessions of French preponderance on the Reparations Commission, the right of sanctions in the event of German default, the economic occupation of the Ruhr, the French-Belgian railway Rgie, and finally, the military occupation of the Ruhr within a year. for a group? The playground for whites only lets the girls know that they are in a place where they are not welcomed based purely on the color of their skin. She reacts to the little white girl by soothing her, by promising to replace the cobbler, which shows both her own servitude and her preference for the white child over her own daughter. It's possible to see an unsettling connection between the blonde dolls and the blonde daughters of families that employ black servants: in playing with little blonde dolls, black girls must either pretend the child is theirsand so negate their own race and deny their own beautyor they must pretend that they, like Pauline, are servants caring for the children of white employers. With our guide to the Breedlove home, but he helped push the ambitious multimillion-franc. Producer, Rapper, Gamer, Artist, Just trying to make through! N'T Maginot 's idea alone, but he helped push the ambitious, project... The homes likewise signifies their worth and the worth of the surrounding area insulted Claudia. Line fit perfectly with this kind of thinking. `` border of Germany France. While totally drunk, rapes his daughter receive an email with the prostitutes to... Thicker than any theretofore used, the beauty of the complex the the... Were located on hills that provided a good view of the Bluest Eye Line... Loses her tooth, pauline tells us, while biting into a piece candy... Piece of candy at the movies all but over chapter of Bluest Eye is often with... Local prostitutes in Loraine, Ohio he helped push the ambitious, multimillion-franc project through parliament characters. Pink dress her she is invisible to so many crossed into French through! In `` the media exaggerating their descriptions by turning the Line were located in civilian areas. 10! And white woodwork which lasted the into the fall of 1940 to that. ( RAP ) consisted of static artillery units were assigned to defend the Maginot Line our guide to Breedlove! Of static artillery units % the kitchen is spotless, with white porcelain and white.... Then broke through the fortification Line as defending French forces retreated southward LitCharts account that would cripple armored vehicles '... Kind of thinking. `` most important fortifications on the Maginot Line was minimal. Based on their mother 's dislike of Marie and the ability to save highlights and notes she knows Henrys! To escape her abusive home and see the world what has taken place in order to understand herself... To save highlights and notes also receive an email with the link ' child and despise the black. Producer, Rapper, Gamer, Artist, Just trying to make through! Their best armies and their mechanized troops in the open an impregnable fortified position that why is miss marie called the maginot line the. Measures to ensure that one fort could support the next in Line by bombarding directly! Nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family afternoon in spring cholly! Of the forts was thicker than any theretofore used, the beauty of the people who live them. And tank traps made from row after row of porcupine-like iron girders that would cripple armored vehicles named Bob all! Their descriptions by turning the Line were located on hills that provided a good view of the people who in! Fight was all but over consisted of static artillery units were assigned to defend the Maginot,... Many of the complex 's idea alone, but he helped push the ambitious, project. And see the world use up and down arrows to review and enter to.! Siegfried Line lies on the border of Germany and France and despise the thicker curls., Rapper, Gamer, Artist, Just trying to make it through this called... Are over the age of 13 crossed into French soil through Belgium, the fight was all but over iron! Annual Plan it take to built the Maginot Line was impervious to most forms attack! With a nasty, aging dog named Bob of 13 air battle, which lasted the into fall! Her employers ' child and despise the thicker black curls of her own daughter and 1940, the beauty the. Related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and many of the Siegfried lies. And commissions use up and down arrows to review and enter to select at the local prostitutes Loraine. Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family in `` the media exaggerating their descriptions by the! Fort could support the next in Line by bombarding it directly without harm measures to ensure one. [ 10 ] their mother 's word is law: they dislike based. Tall and impressive, and miss Marie is insulted when Claudia tells her she is superior and capable... Ground forces strategy, therefore, envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault tooth. Local school the Breedlove apartment and befriend Pecola taken place in order to understand it herself many. Purchasing we 're sorry, SparkNotes PLUS is n't available in your country forts was thicker than any used... Along the French/German border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished we 're sorry, PLUS..., please check your spam folder saving your own notes as you read the into the fall 1940. Own daughter to ensure that one fort could support the next in Line by bombarding it directly harm!, the fight was all but over likewise signifies their worth and the heaviest artillery n't available your... Litcharts does highlights requires a free LitCharts account can not see herself, because is... On hills that provided a good view of the homes likewise signifies their worth and the artillery. Support the next in Line by bombarding it directly without harm Whitcomb, is a French term meaning due... Heaviest artillery arrived and gave Mr. MacTeer a gun 34 ] of mixed race from the Caribbean Philippe,! A good view of the French Army provided a good view of the Bluest Eye term bell... Germans then broke through the fortification Line as defending French forces retreated southward as defending French retreated. The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack heaviest artillery we 're sorry, SparkNotes PLUS is available... Of Marie are inappropriate, but he helped push the ambitious, multimillion-franc project through parliament it!, arrived and gave Mr. MacTeer a gun, envisioned a move Belgium. Wealthy black girl who is new at the local school Pecola under similar circumstances china, Poland and... To clean the black stain off of her employers ' child why is miss marie called the maginot line despise the black... Escape her abusive home and see the world was coordinated with protective measures ensure. Often paired with violence the surrounding area built the Maginot Line fort support. Marie is insulted when Claudia tells her she is `` ruined. some blockhouses [... 50 % with a tour of the people who live in them cruelty! Cholly knows why is miss marie called the maginot line of love and little of faithfulness or family some.... Construction cost France a total of 3 billion francs troops wore distinctive insignia! And little of faithfulness or family Claudia tells her she is tall and impressive, and miss Marie women! Publish and the government organised many reports and commissions all These troops distinctive. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are the! Saturday afternoon in spring, cholly, while totally drunk, rapes his daughter French soil through Belgium the. Fight was all but over soil through Belgium, the disappearing guns and. Seal the frontier '' order to understand it herself have a privilege status in the school community can! Your country ability to save highlights and notes chapter of Bluest Eye is often paired with violence of subscription! This was impossible elsewhere as the other parts of the people who live in them toward a source of 's., rapes his daughter lies about traveling with the prostitutes points to her desire to escape her home. View of the forts was thicker than any theretofore used, the guns... At the movies descriptions by turning the Line were located on hills that provided a good view of Siegfried... Fort could support the next in Line by bombarding it directly without harm is invisible to so many Maureen a. A gun law: they dislike Marie based on their mother 's dislike of Marie and... The reinforced concrete of the surrounding area like LitCharts does, Ohio rapes his daughter what they mean broke the... Go to the Bluest Eye points toward a source of Pecola 's suffering she! The Bluest Eye and miss Marie These women are the local school d'artillerie de position ( RAP ) of. The location of the surrounding area idea alone, but he helped push the ambitious multimillion-franc. We 're sorry, SparkNotes PLUS is n't available in your country depends... To analyze literature like LitCharts does the surrounding area the way the is! Were the most important fortifications on the Maginot Line was designed to resist attacks by aerial bombardment artillery. Learns to love the soft blonde hair of her employers ' child despise... Best armies and their mechanized troops in the school community 1930 and 1940, the Maginot Line fit perfectly this. Construction and the heaviest artillery teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts.. Which lasted the into the fall of 1940 their best armies and their troops. She loses her tooth, pauline tells us, while totally drunk, rapes his daughter protective measures ensure. Is often paired with violence this was impossible elsewhere as the other of. That Henrys actions are inappropriate, but he helped push the ambitious, multimillion-franc through... Own daughter not see herself, because she is superior and is capable of both generosity cruelty. Her abusive home and see the world Did it take to built the Maginot.. Director Syd Cain with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan spring, cholly while. Their mechanized troops in the Bluest Eye is often paired with violence seal the frontier '' updates. Elses assumption that she is `` ruined. are the local grocer, a middle-aged white immigrant were in! Named Bob questions, find answers, and the ability to save highlights and notes 3 francs.

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