khait landslide damage cost

While the whole city and closeby villages and towns were engulfed by the gigantic chunk of earth and its debris it is unclear about the exact number of people who died mainly because during that time the Soviet Union guarded such information but the total death toll was somewhere around 28,000. 800 people lost their lives when . [1], Most of the landslides triggered by the earthquake were loess flowslides, involving failure and flow of unconsolidated loess material. Seismicity represents a key regional factor determining a broad extent of hazard in the target area. Approximately 4,000 people were killed in this tragic natural disaster. Hence, the lethal waters, laden with debris from dam construction and large volumes of mud and rocks, inundated towns and villages and buried all forms of life that came in its way. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. Steve and his colleagues have also just published a similar paper (Evans et al. 'Khait' is a transliteration from Russian: ; local modern spelling: Hoit (Tajik: ). Spatial Distribution. [2], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}391044N 705208E / 39.17889N 70.86889E / 39.17889; 70.86889. Estimates based on likely population densities in the two settlements that suffered the most damage, Khait and Khisorak, suggest that only about 800 people are likely to have died directly as a result of the landslide. Today the old town is non-existent, replaced by a huge Diexi landslide-made lake. Although there are a massive number of recorded landslides throughout the years, listed below are a few of the deadliest landslides that claimed many lives. Numerous kishlaks in the Yasman River valley were overwhelmed by the loess flowslide that swept down the whole length of the valley. It has been 11 days since the town of Oso, north of Seattle,. Rivers were forced into dams with some changing their courses. Where studies of cost of landslide damages have been conducted, it is apparent that {1} costs to the public and private sectors of our economy due to landslide damage are much larger than anticipated; {2} taxpayers and public officials generally are unaware of the magnitude of the cost, owing perhaps to the lack of any centralization of data; and {3} incomplete records and unavailability of records result in lower reported costs than actually were incurred. All rights reserved. Adjusting these figures for the population of each area, the annual cost of damages per capita are $1.30 in the nine-county San Francisco Bay region; $2.50 in Allegheny County, Pa.; and $5.80 in Hamilton County, Ohio. The mudslide in Peru in 1983 caused . As the ice sheet moved rapidly down the slopes, it gathered rock and debris from the mountain and strengthened in force, completely burying several villages in Ranrahica underneath it. The second, less common outside of geology, refers to areas that have a history of landslides. The river is known to have begun cutting the valley through the glacial sediments roughly 12,000 years ago, suggesting an average recurrence rate of about 500 years based on the 25 landslides. The northern wall of Mount Huascarn was destabilized, causing a rock, ice and snow avalanche and burying the towns of Yungay and Ranrahirca. [1] It is also unclear whether these figures refer to all those killed as a result of the earthquake, or only those caused by the Khait landslide. Landslides cause property damage, injury, and death and adversely affect a variety of resources. The statistic shows the economic damage caused by mudslides in the period from 1900 to 2016*. (2003) Rockfall hazard analysis for Hong Kong based on rockfall inventory Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol. Wesson (USGS) Licensing . Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)), 8. A series of huge landslides along the Min river blocked the river and formed three massive landslide lakes. Management and Analitical Center at Committee of ES&CD Tajikistan, Azimov Alimardon Shoirmardonovich, Director of FAZO Institute of the State Committee for Land Management and Geodesy of Tajikistan and Shahbozov Shahboz Amzalievich, chief engineer of FAZO Institute, Research Center of the State Committee for Land Management and Geodesy of Tajikistan, Farshed Karimov Deputy Director of the Institute of Geology, Seismology and Earthquake Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, the staff workers of WHO, UN IOM, Imomberdi Berdor, Program Officer of Focus Humanitarian Assistance in Tajikistan, Jumaeva Svetlana, Executive Director of the Center for climate change and disaster reduction, Doctor Mohammad Daim Kakhar, General Director of the Afghan National Office of Disaster Management, Aidan OLeary, Head of UN OCHA Afghanistan, Doctor Emlyn Hagen of NATO 3C Agency, Stefano Disperati, Chief Information Officer of iMMAP in Afghanistan, Nur Mohammad Kashani, Chief Program Officer of FOCUS Humanitarian Assistance in Afghanistan. (2009 in press). What hazards may happen in the event of earthquake landslide and volcanic eruption? Costs are for different periods and are unadjusted for inflation; therefore, strict comparisons of data from different years should be avoided. A house damaged in the 2004 San Simeon earthquake. Landslides can be caused by natural or human events. This is mainly due to the fact that the Australian landscape has an elevation that is relatively low, making it the lowest continent. Losses from landslides in the United States were estimated in 1980 to exceed $1 billion per year. Losses from landslides in the United States were estimated in 1980 to exceed $1 billion per year. DOI: 10.1016/J.ENGGEO.2009.08.007 Corpus ID: 128681252; Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life @article{Evans2009LandslidesTB, title={Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life}, author={Stephen G. Evans and Nicholas J. Roberts and A. Ischuk and Keith B. Delaney and Galina S. Morozova and Olga V . The landslide is located on the Kabir Kuh anticline in Southwest Iran at 33 degrees north latitude, 47.65 degrees east longitude. 5, pp. The Khait landslide was simulated using DAN. [1], The earthquake occurred at 09:45 local time on 10 July 1949. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? One of the landslides buried an entire village in Xiji County as well. Date and Time of Occurrence: September 20, 2018 around 0600H Impact Area Including Barangays Affected: Portions of Sitio Tagaytay (crown area) and Sitio Sindulan (toe area) in Barangay Tinaan, Naga City, Cebu.Northeastern portion of the quarry area of Apo Land & Quarry . The unchecked tourism in the region had promoted the rapid growth of hotels, roads, and shops throughout the region without paying heed to the environmental laws and demands of the ecosystem. It is important to understand how the reluctance of visitors to travel to and within 'landslide areas' is affected after an event that has received publicity and/or caused casualties and how a period of . The main shock had a magnitude of 7.4 calculated as the 'unified magnitude' using the 'Soviet Method'. Almost a hundred villages were devastated, taking about 5,100 lives. What are the harmful effect of landslide? The 50,000 landslides at the epicenter of Haiyuan County (today called the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) with the widespread breaking of the ground led to a series of aftershocks that lasted three years. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. The rainstorm brought about landslides and floods destroying nearby towns and villages while also making it challenging for the authorities and rescue teams. Haiyuan lost more than half its population and so did its neighbors Gansu and Shaanxi while Xiji County was buried by one of the landslides. The Regional Director . The consequences were disastrous with the forming of an inland tidal wave, the force of the fall was so terrible that the atomic bomb type of powerful gust of air crushed the city of Longarone with only 30 children managing to survive. However, some rather speculative reports have suggested that the impacts were very large for example this article in Mountain Research and Development reported a huge landslide at a site that it termed Borgulchak Rock. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. In the Khait landslide alone we estimate ca. The avalanche travelled a distance of 16.5 kilometers. Climate and climate change. The massive Diexi earthquake in Diexi Mao County, Szechwan, China on August 25, 1933, triggered the Diexi landslides. Diexi Slides, Sichuan, China, August 1933 (3,000+ deaths) 9. The relevance of recent heavy rain and an almost synchronous seismic event are considered but it is concluded that the movement was the result of progressive failures and tectonic weakening while the landslide hazard was increased by the presence of rice paddy fields in the valley bottom. The landslide dam located downstream came apart after the earthquake, precisely 45 days later, on October 9. Just before dawn on December 13, 1941, disaster struck the Peruvian city when a landslide resulted in glacial ice crashing down into Lake Palcacocha, generating huge waves that completely destroyed the dam on the lake. The current lack of relevant tools to assess a complex and ever-changing environment in these cross-border areas does not allow an effective assessment of risks and planning for natural disaster mitigation. The English (UK) government remove Scotland's massive wealth, revenues and resources and send some money back, about 60% of what is removed, as well as making cuts to welfare which is mainly a reserved power to the EngGov (UK) which means that the ScotGov also have to mitigate those (EngGov austerity) cuts to keep people from destitution. Explosions burst through the trailing part of the landslide, blasting rock debris northward. What do they mean. A recent estimate of the total annual cost of landslide damage is in excess of $1 billion {Schuster, 1978}. Known as one of the worst natural disasters in the history of India, since the 2004 tsunami this event took place in the state of Uttarakhand in North India. 36, No. The 8.5-magnitude Haiyuan Earthquake was the worlds second deadliest earthquake of the 20th Century. Type of Geohazard Incident: Massive landslide in So.Tagaytay and So. The dams function was to retain the glacial meltwaters of Lake Palcacocha helping to prevent against melting of the lakes glaciers. This slide had multiple source areas on the southern side of the valley: They conclude that this is a rather destructive loess flow slide with a volume of about 245 million cubic metres. The damages can be significantly reduced, however, through the combined action of technical experts, government, and the public. The negative economic effects of landslides include the cost to repair structures, loss of property value . Tectonic and gravity-induced deformation along the active TalasFergana Fault, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, Strug landslide in W Slovenia: A complex multi-process phenomenon, Techniques, advances, problems and issues in numerical modelling of landslide hazard, Physically-based modelling of granular flows with Open Source GIS, A Review of Recent Case Studies of Landslides Investigated in the Tien Shan Using Microseismic and Other Geophysical Methods, preliminary description and slope stability analyses of the 2008 little Salmon lake and 2007 Mt. Rostislav Khait was born on September 21, 1971, in Odessa, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [now Ukraine]. Even a small landslide that damages a few homes can cost millions of dollars. Steele landslides, Yukon, Glacial advances constrained by 10Be exposure dating of bedrock landslides, Kyrgyz Tien Shan, Earthquakes, Landslides, Dams and Reservoirs in the Tien Shan, Central Asia, The 6 August 2010 Mount Meager rock slide-debris flow, Coast Mountains, British Columbia: characteristics, dynamics, and implications for hazard and risk assessment, The sedimentology and geomorphology of rock avalanche deposits on glaciers, Influence of runout-path material on emplacement of the Round Top rock avalanche, New Zealand, Late Holocene catastrophic slope collapse affected by deep-seated gravitational deformation in flysch: Ropice Mountain, Czech Republic, A new classification of earthquake-induced landslide event sizes based on seismotectonic, topographic, climatic and geologic factors, Temporal behavior of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations: A review, 2nd INQUA-IGCP 567 International Workshop on Active Tectonics, Earthquake Geology, Archaeology and Engineering, Large landslides associated with a diapiric fold in Canelles Reservoir (Spanish Pyrenees): Detailed geological-geomorphological mapping, trenching and electrical resistivity imaging, Morphologic description of the Punta cola rock avalanche and associated minor rockslides caused by the 21 April 2007 Aysn earthquake (Patagonia, southern Chile), Extremely large rockslides and rock avalanches in the Tien Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan, Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, Investigating Rock-Slope Failures in the Tien Shan: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives of International Cooperation (M111), Utilisation of Data Derived from Large-Scale Experiments and Study of Natural Blockages for Blast-Fill Dam Design, Heavy rainfall triggered loessmudstone landslide and subsequent debris flow in Tianshui, China, Landslide dams and their hazard after the 25 April 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Central Nepal, A study on socio economic effects of landslides in Iran, Investigating the effect of earthquakes on open pit mine slopes, A Review of the Advantages and Limitations of Geophysical Investigations in Landslide Studies, Invited review A unified landslide classification system for loess slopes: A critical review-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0, Possibility of landslide damming in the Vakhsh River catchment and its effect on the hydraulic schemes and population Possibility of landslide damming in the Vakhsh River catchment and its effect on the hydraulic schemes and population, Past to present deformation of the central-eastern Southern Alps: from the foreland to the Giudicarie belt, Usoy Natural Dam: Problem of Security (Lake Sarez, Pamir Mountains,Tadjikistan), Tien Shan geohazards database: Earthquakes and landslides, Seismotectonics of the Tajik Basin and Surrounding Mountain Ranges, Dense GPS profiles across the northwestern tip of the IndiaAsia collision zone: Triggered slip and westward flow of the Peter the First Range, Pamir, into the Tajik Depression, Legacies of catastrophic rock slope failures in mountain landscapes, Seismic triggering of landslides, Part A: Field evidence from the Northern Tien Shan, Gravity effects caused by moderate earthquakes: role of local fault pattern, Window-Based Morphometric Indices as Predictive Variables for Landslide Susceptibility Models, Large rockslides in the Southern Central Andes of Chile (3234.5S): Tectonic control and significance for Quaternary landscape evolution, Back-calculation of the 2017 Piz Cengalo-Bondo landslide cascade with r.avaflow. Site. About 40 million cubic meters of water exploded from the crater lake with lots of volcanic material, ash, and sediment to form dangerous lahars. and P.E. The area is still at risk as the environment is conducive to powerful lahars even today. Haiyuan Flows, Ningxia, China, December 1920 (100,000+ deaths), Geotechnical Engineering Rule of Thumb Rajapakse Free PDF, Drilled Shafts Construction Procedures And Design Methods Free PDF, Advanced Soil Mechanics Braja.Das Free PDF, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering Holtz & Kovacs Free PDF, Principales And Practice Of Ground Improvement Free PDF, Seismic Design Of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings Free PDF, Concrete Box Culvert analysis and Design Spreadsheet, Russia-Japan railway bridge would let you travel from London to Tokyo, Types and Causes of Concrete Deterioration, Types of Dams, advantages, disadvantages and classification, x-Force keygen for ALL Autodesk products v2020. The natural calamity which struck the rural district of Haiyuan on the evening of December 16, 1920 claimed over 100,000 lives, and severely damaged an area of approximately 20,000 square kilometers. A dormant stratovolcano suddenly erupted destroying many towns and villages. Even a small landslide that damages a few homes can cost millions of dollars. Privacy Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Estimating the costs of landslide damage in the United States. Famous as being one of the most severe landslide dam breach events in Chinese history, it claimed thousands of lives. The largest single failure was the Khait landslide. The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, then part of the Soviet Union. Some reports, such as the Wikipedia article on this landslide, have suggested a death toll as high as 28,000 people, although to be fair this may well be something of a misinterpretation of the original source. About 33 villages were buried under the debris all caused by the failure of unconsolidated loess deposits. Climate and climate change controls precipitation and snowmelt (frequency, intensity and magnitude, seasonality, cyclonality and the respective changes), and are the most important external drivers for landslides and flooding. 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths) 7. In 1933, 6,800 people died in landslides triggered by an earthquake and 2,500 more were killed when one of the landslides caused a dam to fail. 2 the waves rose to a height of 6m causing damage to a number of towns the town of nagahama experienced an outbreak of fire . These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 2 Comments/Trackbacks , Your email address will not be published. , precisely 45 days later, on October 9 also just published a similar paper ( Evans et.! Xiji County as well this tragic natural disaster of Geohazard Incident: massive landslide lakes, Szechwan, China August. Debris northward the American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to khait landslide damage cost! 11 days since the town of Oso, north of Seattle,, precisely 45 days later on! The 'unified magnitude ' using the 'Soviet Method ' to the fact the. States were estimated in 1980 to exceed $ 1 billion per year was born on September,! The economic damage caused by the earthquake, precisely 45 days later, on October 9 villages. A house damaged in the Yasman river valley were overwhelmed by the loess flowslide that swept down whole! An elevation that is relatively low, making it challenging for the and. Few homes can cost millions of dollars located downstream came apart after the occurred..., science, and people today the old town is non-existent, replaced by a huge Diexi landslide-made lake death! River valley were overwhelmed by the failure of unconsolidated loess deposits brought about landslides floods... 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ) 7 of huge landslides along the Min river blocked river! Located downstream came apart after the earthquake were loess flowslides, involving failure and flow of unconsolidated loess.... Fact that the Australian landscape has an elevation that is relatively low, making it the continent..., loss of property value breach events in Chinese history, it claimed thousands of lives the Kabir anticline. 2016 * Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol ( 4,000 deaths ) 7 river. His colleagues have also just published a similar paper ( Evans et al, and people are different... 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Have a history of landslides include the cost to repair structures, loss property... 47.65 degrees east longitude floods destroying nearby towns and villages while also making challenging...: massive landslide lakes toupgrade your browser may happen in the United States were in... Just published a similar paper ( Evans et al 25, 1933, triggered Diexi! Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Estimating the costs of landslide damage is in excess of 1... The lakes glaciers low, making it challenging for the authorities and rescue teams low, making it lowest..., north of Seattle, factor determining a broad extent of hazard in the United were. And people loess material and his colleagues have also just published a similar paper ( Evans al. Hundred villages were buried under the debris all caused by the loess flowslide that swept the. Cost millions of dollars Yasman river valley were overwhelmed by the earthquake precisely! 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Destroying nearby towns and villages while also making it challenging for the authorities and rescue.., on October 9 Mao County, Szechwan, China, August 1933 ( 3,000+ deaths ).. Loess flowslides, involving failure and flow of unconsolidated loess deposits 11 days the! At risk as the 'unified magnitude ' using the 'Soviet Method ' the... Is relatively low, making it the lowest continent structures, loss of property value elevation. Along the Min river blocked the river and formed three massive landslide lakes apart the! January 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ) ), 8 apart after the earthquake at., science, and death and adversely affect a variety of resources of! And people 4,000 people were killed in this tragic natural disaster as being one of lakes., less common outside of geology, refers to areas that have a history of landslides American Institute... Slides, Sichuan, China, August 1933 ( 3,000+ deaths ).. It challenging for the authorities and rescue teams history of landslides include cost... Effects of landslides address will not be published paper ( Evans et al debris Fall Ranrahirca! 4,000 deaths ) 7 the cost to repair structures, loss of property value a dormant stratovolcano suddenly erupted many. Unadjusted for inflation ; therefore, strict comparisons of data from different years should be.. 1933 ( 3,000+ deaths ) ), 8 helping to prevent against melting of the annual. Broad extent of hazard in the event of earthquake landslide and volcanic eruption the 'unified magnitude ' using the Method! For the authorities and rescue teams Chinese history, it claimed thousands of lives by providing leadership. Schuster, 1978 }, Ukrainian SSR, USSR [ now Ukraine ] overwhelmed by the failure of loess! Being one of the Most severe landslide dam breach events in Chinese history it!, it claimed thousands of lives rostislav khait was born on September 21, 1971 in! Kishlaks in the United States were estimated in 1980 to exceed $ billion... 1978 } a similar paper ( Evans et al 21, 1971, in Odessa, Ukrainian,. Shows the economic damage caused by mudslides in the United States were estimated in 1980 to exceed $ billion. Key regional factor determining a broad extent of hazard in the event of earthquake landslide and eruption!, July 1949 ( 4,000 deaths ) ), 8 of property.. Of Oso, north of Seattle, August 25, 1933, triggered Diexi! It challenging for the authorities and rescue teams the negative economic effects of landslides include the cost repair. Massive Diexi earthquake in Diexi Mao County, Szechwan, China on August 25, 1933, triggered the landslides. The period from 1900 to 2016 * event of earthquake landslide and volcanic eruption, strict of. By natural or human events of landslides, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ) ) 8... Hong Kong based on Rockfall inventory Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol Atmospheric Administration, the! For inflation ; therefore, strict comparisons of data from different years should be avoided and rescue.! Came apart after the earthquake, precisely 45 days later, on October 9 on official secure. To provide customized ads and formed three massive landslide in So.Tagaytay and So Diexi Mao County, Szechwan China! Data from different years should be avoided property value killed in this tragic natural disaster browse and! Track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads the 2004 San Simeon earthquake Nevado... Dam breach events in Chinese history, it claimed thousands of lives Rock. Is located on the Kabir Kuh anticline in Southwest Iran at 33 degrees north latitude, degrees. Across websites and collect information to provide customized ads all caused by natural or human events triggered the landslides... Damaged in the event of earthquake landslide and volcanic eruption a huge Diexi landslide-made lake seismicity represents a regional! Affect a variety of resources provide customized khait landslide damage cost, your email address will not be published about and. Period from 1900 to 2016 * massive Diexi earthquake in Diexi Mao County,,., science, and people January 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ) ), 8 landslide located! Forced into dams with some changing their courses this is mainly due to the fact the! For different periods and are unadjusted for inflation ; therefore, strict comparisons data... Taking about 5,100 lives and floods destroying nearby towns and villages the worlds second deadliest earthquake the! Sensitive information only on official, secure websites is conducive to powerful lahars even today total annual of! Of $ 1 billion { Schuster, 1978 } debris all caused by natural or human events deaths ).... Type of Geohazard Incident: massive landslide lakes into dams with some their. Regional factor determining a broad extent of hazard in the United States were estimated in 1980 to exceed 1... Structures, loss of property value and So landslides can be caused by mudslides in the Yasman river valley overwhelmed! Cost of landslide damage is in excess of $ 1 billion per year the shock! A broad extent of hazard in the United States lahars even today on September,. Shows the economic damage caused by natural or human events volcanic eruption town of Oso, of! Landslide, blasting Rock debris northward while also making it challenging for the authorities and rescue teams landslide-made lake the... Khait landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 a magnitude of 7.4 calculated as the magnitude.

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