south african surname origins

No firm boundaries were drawn between the area of white settlement and Moshoeshoe's kingdom, which led to border clashes. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. Following the defeat of the Boers in the AngloBoer or South African War (18991902), the Union of South Africa was created as a self-governing dominion of the British Empire on 31 May 1910 in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Colony of Natal, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. "Frontier Settlement in Early Dutch South Africa,". In mid-1903 there remained barely half of the 90,000 black labourers who had been employed in the industry in mid-1899. It is among the most common African last names. [24], The British explorers David Livingstone and William Oswell, setting out from a mission station in the northern Cape Colony, are believed to have been the first white men to cross the Kalahari desert in 1849. It developed into the largest kingdom in the sub-continent before it was abandoned because of climatic changes in the 14th century. After lengthy negotiations under the auspices of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), a draft constitution was published on 26 July 1993, containing concessions towards all sides: a federal system of regional legislatures, equal voting-rights regardless of race, and a bicameral legislature. Moshoeshoe was under the impression he was loaning grazing land to the settlers in accordance with African precepts of occupation rather than ownership, while the settlers believed they had been granted permanent land rights. [19] [65], By 1893, when the lawyer and social activist Mahatma Gandhi arrived in Durban, Indians outnumbered whites in Natal. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. [96], The Crown Colony of Griqualand West was annexed into the Cape Colony in 1877, enacted into law in 1880. The civil rights struggle of Gandhi's Natal Indian Congress failed; until the 1994 advent of democracy, Indians in South Africa were subject to most of the discriminatory laws that applied to all non-white inhabitants of the country.[66]. [83] The British then set about establishing large sugar plantations in the area today named KwaZulu-Natal Province. 1. [226], In 2014, around 47% of (mostly black) South Africans lived in poverty, making it one of the most unequal countries in the world. The precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African exports for decades to come. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portuguese mariners, who were the first Europeans at the Cape, encountered pastoral Khoikhoi with livestock. [118] The enormous wealth of the mines was in the hands of European "Randlords" overseeing the mainly British foreign managers, mining foremen, engineers and technical specialists, characterised by the Boers as uitlander, meaning aliens. The Land Act would form a cornerstone of legalised racial discrimination for the next nine decades. Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your South African ancestors, such as occupation. 2. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. Under the provisions of the act, the Union became an independent Dominion of the British Empire, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch represented by a Governor-General. In 1845, a treaty was signed between the British colonists and Moshoeshoe, which recognised white settlement in the area. It has, however, been verified that 17,182 black people died mainly of diseases in the Cape concentration camps alone, but this figure is not accepted historically as a true reflection of the overall numbers. This territory and others in the region then became the Republic of the Orange Free State.[85]. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. Magombo Swahili, African, Swazi (Rare) Meaning unknown, possibly related from the fore name of the same name. [61], Indian slaves from the Dutch colonies in India had been introduced into the Cape area of South Africa by the Dutch settlers in 1654. Economically, South Africa supplied two-thirds of gold production in the British Empire, with most of the remainder coming from Australia. [161] Apartheid South Africa reacted to the UN arms embargo by strengthening its military ties with Israel, and establishing its own arms manufacturing industry with the help of Israel. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. The Battle of Delville Wood and the sinking of the SS Mendi being the greatest single incidents of loss of life. [187][188] The Angolan army, in resisting what it perceived as a South African invasion, was supported by a combination of Cuban forces and PLAN and ANC guerrillas, all armed with weapons supplied by the Soviet Union. It is a Dutch/Flemish variant on the word Lowe, meaning Lion. "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. Afrikaners were split, with some like Botha and Smuts taking a prominent leadership role in the British war effort. The Democratic Party and Pan Africanist Congress, among others, formed a parliamentary opposition in the country's first non-racial parliament. At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. Information department, Government of Lesotho. In the 14th and 15th century, Portuguese explorers traveled down the west African Coast, detailing and mapping the coastline and in 1488 they rounded the Cape of Good Hope. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. A succession of wars were conducted between the Boers and the Basotho for the next 10 years. The prehistory and history of South Africa span nearly the entire known existence of human beings and their ancestorssome three million years or moreand include the wandering of small bands of hominins through the savanna, the inception of herding and farming as ways of life, and the construction of large urban centres. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. Guelke, Leonard (1976). In 1878, Waterboer led an unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial authorities, for which he was arrested and briefly exiled.[76]. African Last Names Ba Bah Ballo Cisse Contee Conteh Diallo Fall Kone Mensah Ndiaye Nwosu Okafor Okeke Okoro Osei Owusu Sall Sane Sarr Sesay Sow Sy Toure Traore Turay Yeboah There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army. [87] Faced with starvation, Moshoeshoe signed a peace treaty on 15 October 1858, though crucial boundary issues remained unresolved. In 1836, when Boer Voortrekkers (pioneers) arrived in the northwestern part of present-day South Africa, they came into conflict with a Ndebele sub-group that the settlers named "Matabele", under chief Mzilikazi. Philip's intention was for the Griquas to protect the missionary station there against banditti in the region, and as a bulwark against the northward movement of white settlers from the Cape Colony. [213] The Charter decreed that "the national wealth of our country, the heritage of South Africans, shall be restored to the people; the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people". Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. The First Sekhukhune War of 1876 was conducted by the Boers, and the two separate campaigns of the Second Sekhukhune War of 1878/1879 were conducted by the British. [53] The republic, under the premiership of Paul Kruger, defeated British forces in the First Boer War and remained independent until the end of the Second Boer War on 31 May 1902, when it was forced to surrender to the British. In further research at the Blombos cave in 2002, stones were discovered engraved with grid or cross-hatch patterns, dated to some 70,000 years ago. The effectiveness of the police in foiling the planned coup strengthened public perceptions that the post-1994 democratic order was irreversible. 5. South African surnames. The descendants of unions between the Dutch settlers and the Khoi-San and Malay slaves became known officially as the Cape Coloureds and the Cape Malays, respectively. . [117], The cause of the AngloBoer wars has been attributed to a contest over which nation would control and benefit most from the Witwatersrand gold mines. [134] The South African government issued no war service medal to the black servicemen and the special medal issued by King George V to "native troops" that served the Empire, the British War Medal in bronze, was disallowed and not issued to the SANLC. On the night of 23/24 May 1842 British colonial forces attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella. By 1952, the brief flame of mass-based white radicalism was extinguished, when the Torch Commando disbanded due to government legislation under the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. In 1872, after a long political struggle, it attained responsible government with a locally accountable executive and Prime Minister. The republic regained its independence as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek ("South African Republic"), or ZAR. Abara - Origin: West African (Igbo). Less than a handful of prosecutions were ever pursued. Large white South African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in Australia, New Zealand, North America, and especially in the UK, to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated. After an unsuccessful appeal for aid from the British Empire, Moshoeshoe signed the 1866 treaty of Thaba Bosiu, with the Basotho ceding substantial territory to the Orange Free State. 3,481 st most common surname in the world and it is an alternative spelling of Naidu. [192][193], South Africa in the 1980s also provided logistical and other covert support to Resistncia Nacional Moambicana (RENAMO) rebels, in neighbouring Mozambique fighting the FRELIMO-run government during the Mozambique Civil War, and it launched cross-border raids into Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana, killing or capturing a number of South African exiles. British policy with regard to South Africa would vacillate with successive governments, but the overarching imperative throughout the 19th century was to protect the strategic trade route to India while incurring as little expense as possible within the colony. The exact numbers of all the victims may never be known. The General Assembly had already suspended South Africa from the UN organisation on 12 November 1974. Black people were recruited or conscripted by both sides into working for them either as combatants or non-combatants to sustain the respective war efforts of both the Boers and the British. Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: "Child that keeps coming or reincarnation." Kanumba Origin: Tanzanian Meaning: Unknown. Ross, Robert, Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds. The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. It means "leaves" (verb) in Swahili. Lwando Southern African. Providing important rest and refuelling stations, the Royal Navy could ensure vital sea lane connections to the British Raj, and the Far East stayed open. The prisoners were mainly members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front.[209]. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. [88] War broke out again in 1865. [24], Colonel Robert Jacob Gordon of the Dutch East India Company was the first European to explore parts of the interior while commanding the Dutch garrison at the renamed Cape of Good Hope, from 1780 to 1795. The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. By that time, more than 2,000,000 children were orphaned due to the epidemic. [8] The first human habitation is associated with a DNA group originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa and still prevalent in the indigenous Khoisan (Khoi and San). [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. [37], Early relations between the European settlers and the Xhosa, the first Bantu peoples they met when they ventured inward, were peaceful. In 1828 Shaka was killed by his half-brothers Dingaan and Umhlangana. The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate. This Second AngloBoer War, also known as the South African War lasted longer than the first, with British troops being supplemented by colonial troops from Southern Rhodesia, Canada, India, Australia and New Zealand. Abara is a common last name in the Igbo community. It was an independent and internationally recognised nation-state in southern Africa from 1852 to 1902. [89] The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. "[201], The national liberation movement was divided in the early 1960s when an "Africanist" faction within the ANC objected to an alliance between the ANC and the Communist Party of South Africa. This aim was complicated by border conflicts with the Boers, who soon developed a distaste for British authority. His impis (warrior regiments) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death.[46]. In response, the stadtholder, who had taken up residence in England, issued the Kew Letters, ordering colonial governors to surrender to the British. While some maintained separateness, others were grouped into a category known as Coloureds, a multiracial ethnic group which includes people with shared ancestry from two or more of these groups: Khoisan, Bantu, English, Afrikaners, Austronesians, East Asians and South Asians. The "aliens" objected to being denied parliamentary representation and the right to vote, and they complained also of bureaucratic government delays in the issuing of licenses and permits, and general administrative incompetence on the part of the government.[119]. From the outset of hostilities in October 1899 to the signing of peace on 31 May 1902 the war claimed the lives of 22,000 imperial soldiers and 7,000 republican fighters. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. With 250,000 paid-up members at the height of its existence, it was the largest white protest movement in the country's history. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. The government declared martial law on 14 October 1914, and forces loyal to the government under the command of generals Louis Botha and Jan Smuts defeated the rebellion. Two German African colonies were occupied, either by South Africa alone or with significant South African assistance. [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. The farmers complained they could not replace the labour of their slaves without losing an excessive amount of money. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. The assistance that South Africa gave the British Empire was significant. [194][195][196], Organised resistance to Afrikaner nationalism was not confined exclusively to activists of the oppressed, dark-skinned population. The Freeman surname origin was from the person who was a freeman, one who was not a serf and thus had certain rights. [22] Bantu-speaking communities reached southern Africa from the Congo basin as early as the 4th century BC. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. 469503. 3. Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. Mannan is also a Muslim surname. In 1895, a column of mercenaries in the employ of Cecil John Rhodes' Rhodesian-based Charter Company and led by Captain Leander Starr Jameson had entered the ZAR with the intention of sparking an uprising on the Witwatersrand and installing a British administration there. Kruger rejected the British demand and called for the withdrawal of British troops from the borders of the South African Republic. [128], In 1924 the Afrikaner-dominated National Party came to power in a coalition government with the Labour Party. From the 1830s onwards, numbers of white settlers from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and started arriving in the fertile southern part of territory known as the Lower Caledon Valley, which was occupied by Basotho cattle herders under the authority of the Basotho founding monarch Moshoeshoe I. Available at, Edgerton, Robert B, Africa's armies: from honor to infamy: a history from 1791 to the present (2002) p.109. Sizwe m Southern African, Xhosa. The stat was also shown on television, which . Abbas - Origin: An Arabic name found throughout Algeria. Anthony Egan, Review of "The Hidden Thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era" by Irina Filatova & Apollon Davidson, Phyllis Johnson & David Martin, Apartheid Terrorism: The destabilisation report, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989, p.122, UN General Assembly, res n 2154 (XXI), 17 November 1966. In that year, the SS Truro arrived in Durban harbour with over 300 Indians on board. Archaeological discoveries of livestock bones on the Cape Peninsula indicate that the Khoikhoi began to settle there by about 2000 years ago. Friction between the Griquas and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the region in 1845. The convention declared that apartheid was both unlawful and criminal because it violated the Charter of the United Nations. Many of the 1820 Settlers eventually settled in Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. [41] Another theory attributes the epicentre of Zulu violence to the slave trade out of Delgoa Bay in Mozambique situated to the north of Zululand. People with the surname include: Alexander du Toit (1878-1948), South African geologist Anri du Toit aka Yolandi Visser, South African musician [121] In November 1497, a fleet of Portuguese ships under the command of the Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope. Spelling of Naidu Boer Republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the UN organisation 12. The remainder coming from Australia KwaZulu-Natal Province Empire, with some like Botha and Smuts taking prominent. Remained barely half of the Union south african surname origins formed a parliamentary opposition in the area today KwaZulu-Natal... 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