how does flak ammunition work

Is paralegal higher than legal assistant? Consequently, a low frequency signal, corresponding to the frequency difference between the oscillator and the received signal, developed at the oscillator's plate terminal. Gun batteries aboard cruiser USSCleveland(CL-55) tested proximity-fuzed ammunition against radio-controlled drone aircraft targets over Chesapeake Bay. Flak can refer to criticism or worse, explosive shells from an antiaircraft weapon. Each pocket could carry 1 en bloc clip with 8 rounds for the M1 Rifle or 2 stripper clips with 5 rounds for the M1903 rifle. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The US found that flak that was high generally caused some damage to bombers but was far less likely to shoot them down than flak that was low. . Step 1: Loading. @JeremyECrawford already have a question. It was a game changer and fortunately for the US Navy they had it when the kamikaze appeared. After so many seconds, the shell would detonate like a times bomb. Before that, they can be purchased from the vending machine outside Crazy . In his words, "The one outstanding characteristic in this situation is the fact that success of this type of fuze is not dependent on a basic technical idea all of the ideas are simple and well known everywhere. The placement of the slug magazine on the weapon doesn't make any sense even there unfortunatly. Answer (1 of 7): > how and why does a plane still go down if the flak missed? New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Don't Panic! The Fabricated Sniper Rifle is a ranged weapon, a more advanced version of the Longneck Rifle. Mention has to be made of the development of gun laying radar. Viewed another way, the received signal frequency was Doppler-shifted from the oscillator frequency by the relative motion of the fuze and target. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The 88 earned its reputation as the best overall gun of the war. Pye's group was apparently unable to get their rugged pentodes to function reliably under high pressures until 6 August 1941, which was after the successful tests by the American group. This is the standard high-explosive type ordnance initially designed for the German 88mm FlaK cannons in the early period of WW2, and then successfully used by the later tank KwK.36 cannons too, in the period 1933-45. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. A minor problem encountered by the British was that the fuze was sensitive enough to detonate the shell if it passed too close to a seabird and a number of seabird "kills" were recorded. If you show up late for work for a third day, you'll probably take some flak from your coworkers they'll take verbal shots at you. There are three types of player-loadable ammunition in World of Warships: high explosive (HE), armor piercing (AP), and semi-armor piercing (SAP). [9] Their system involved a small, short range, Doppler radar. Protective vests called flak jackets were first used in World War II; the word flak comes from the abbreviated form of the German word Flugabwehrkanone, a type of antiaircraft gun. They lacked the guns, effective radar, and the cooperation between the Army and Navy was terrible. Before the invention of the proximity fuze, detonation was induced by direct contact, a timer set at launch, or an altimeter. Regular $49.99 (Save $15.00) It was the invention of the VT radar proximity fuse. 56.25 degrees Back; It is unclear how the air brakes of the trailers are relevant to unlimbered guns. Working with Western Electric Company and Raytheon Company, miniature hearing-aid tubes were modified to withstand this extreme stress. Observers may not be practical in many situations, the ground may be uneven, and the practice is slow in any event. It was justifiably feared by Allied airmen, tankers, and foot soldiers because of its accuracy, lethality, and versatility. There are 4 types of Flak Cannon ammunition: Explosive: Base ammo. A proximity fuze (or fuse) is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when the distance to the target becomes smaller than a predetermined value. As a result, Ukrainian forces have . A fireball from a kamikaze attack engulfs the USS Columbia during a battle near the Philippines in 1945. [46] Captain S. R. Shumaker, Director of the Bureau of Ordnance's Research and Development Division, coined the term to be descriptive without hinting at the technology. It was from the cannon shells and incendiary bullets that had hit my machineBullets were going between my legs, and I remember seeing a bright flash of an incendiary bullet going past my leg into the gas tankThen a little red tongue licked out inquiringly from under the gas tank in front of my feet and became a hot little bonfire in one corner of the cockpit.". All ammunition types are produced at Factories or Mass Production Factories. Make a 1:1 scale print and you will shurely understand why this cartridge type deserves all due respect. Coilguns shoot high velocity bolts that deal damage to anything they hit. Automatic fuze setters were used as an 88 could fire 15-20 shells per minute and even the 128mm could manage 12 per minute. If either is wrong, then even accurately aimed shells may explode harmlessly before reaching the target or after passing it. Flak as used in the second world war is a larger shell that when fired, travels to the target area and explodes within its general area, hoping to score a hit by One of them was an anti-aircraft shell that had spring-loaded wings that would pop out and slice through enemy aircraft. When the target was far away, little of the oscillator's transmitted energy would be reflected to the fuze. I can't remember where I read it now but in the early days of World War Two, the British Air Ministry was deluged with well-meaning crackpot ideas. For production times check Crafting. How did flak guns work in WW2? All of these suffered from the large size of pre-WWII electronics and their fragility, as well as the complexity of the required circuitry. One may use a timed fuse in the shell. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Although flak jackets offered some basic protection against small caliber bullets and shell fragments (which was valued by their users), ultimately they proved to be less effective than hoped. (U.S. Navy) It even potentially saved the life of one of its creators, Dr. Van Allen. [58] After General Dwight D. Eisenhower demanded he be allowed to use the fuzes, 200,000 shells with VT fuzes (code named "POZIT"[59]) were used in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944. . Front shows a flak 88 artillery gun in the center with a German eagle clutching a swastika in his talons at the top. Berlin has repeatedly lobbied Bern to shift policy after requests for permission to send Ukraine Swiss-made ammunition acquired by Germany decades ago were denied. The 20mm caliber is a specific size of cannon or autocannon ammunition. Acting like a normal bullet in flight, then after a short delay, it will explode into 5 more bullets. Over the course of the German V-1 campaign, the proportion of flying bombs flying through the coastal gun belt that were destroyed rose from 17% to 74%, reaching 82% during one day. One hopes that they were prepared for a . When the reflected signal was in phase, the oscillator amplitude would increase and the oscillator's plate current would also increase. [64] [66], During WW2, the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) investigated the use of acoustic proximity fuzes for anti-aircraft weapons but concluded that there were more promising technological approaches. World War I. The versatile gun earned nearly mythical status among Allied flyers, infantrymen, and tank crews. The War Office proved uninterested in the concept and told the two to work on other issues. Flak detonation clouds Early on during the war, two kinds of flak rounds were used. Join in if you dare! The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Most, if not all, of the histories deal with the great air battles strictly in terms of aircraft vs. aircraft; the great fighter aces and how many bombers were shot down by Spitfires, Bf 109s, Fw 190s and Me 110 and Ju 88 night-fighters. Spreader: Used against swarms in order to spread out the shots and damage as many as possible. It was considered (and later patented by Brandt) for use with anti-aircraft missiles fired from the ground. Luftwaffe flak batteries could be assigned to the army at any time and thousands were. Follow up question, why do AA guns turn the sky red when theyre being fired? [citation needed] To prevent premature detonation, the inbuilt battery that armed the shell had a several millisecond delay before its electrolytes were activated, giving the projectile time to clear the area of the gun.[45]. Wide vertical pin back with a c-catch. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Prototype fuzes were then constructed in June 1940, and installed in "unrotated projectiles", the British cover name for solid-fueled rockets, and fired at targets supported by balloons. When an 88 shell hit directly, it often completely destroyed a bomber. But when the reflected signal was out of phase then the combined radio signal amplitude would decrease, which would decrease the plate current. The Columbia survived, but 13 crew members were killed. I was wondering how such weapon could possibly work, how would cycling ammo work with such a shape and configuration, how does the weapon remove used cartridges from the barrel, how the heck does fresh ammo get in the barrel in the first place (you just see a new shot move magically into the firing chamber). hospital valet job description how does flak ammunition work. Press J to jump to the feed. Indeed when you compare these numbers to the more effective 128mm AA gun the numbers are intriguing. In-Store Only. The proximity fuze makes the problem simpler than the previous methods. A contact fuze would explode when it hit the ground; it would not be very effective at scattering shrapnel. Whats the difference back then to your description? Note here that the amplitude of this low frequency 'beat' signal corresponds to the amplitude of the signal reflected from the target. Absolute yikes. [9] Information was also shared with Canada in 1940 and the National Research Council of Canada delegated work on the fuze to a team at the University of Toronto. This gun served as the main armament of the Tiger I heavy tank. [8] With a proximity fuze, the shell or missile need only pass close by the target at some time during its flight. Luckily the much higher altitude B-17s ( which were designed to fly around 30,000 ft and above and a bomb sight that was supposed to work at that level) were friendlys to land at the airbase. Our aviation shop ishereand our Twitter account here@Hush_Kit. In response to OPs question, the answer involves the invention of Radar. Ah. The 3D kit is a Sondernhnger Sd. Several ideas had been considered, including optical systems that shone a light, sometimes infrared, and triggered when the reflection reached a certain threshold, various ground-triggered means using radio signals, and capacitive or inductive methods similar to a metal detector. These included planar electrodes and packing the components in wax and oil to equalize the stresses. Little priority was given to the project . What is the meaning of the word swappable? Built around a miniature radio transmitter and receiver, the VT fuse overcame the major disadvantage of the time and contact fuses and was capable of detecting its target and detonating within 75 feet. Though the days of peasant armies wielding them may be over, these archaic weapons are still legal in parts of the U.S., although not in the states of New York, New Jersey, California, Massachusetts or Pennsylvania. 2,4 or 10m (7,13 or 33ft)] above ground that are selected by gun crews. . When the cell current changed a certain amount in a certain time interval, the detonation was triggered. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 2 Answers. It is possible that this is a mistake by the author of the report, and that his is intended to refer to limbered guns . Same principle is used for special types of shrapnel ammo in the Carl Gustav recoilless rifle. Weapons and Ammunition. Similarly, incendiary ammunition was used against non-rigid observation balloons. Thousands of aircraft were shot down, and tens of thousands were damaged, not to mention the horrendous cost in lives and those wounded. Their first project was a revival of their original work on coast defense, but they were soon told to start a second project to develop a range-only radar to aid anti-aircraft guns.[23]. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. These guns have enough damage potential to down a single-engine aircraft with a single shot, with 2 or 3 needed to down larger aircraft. While "flak" refers to anti-aircraft fire, the concept of proximity fusing and shrapnel isn't restricted to aircraft. Before then, they always return false. UT 99 has a pickup animation for the flak cannon that shows how the round is loaded into the barrel. The different roles that artillery ammunition has had to fill on the battlefield has led to many different designs and types of ammunition, some of which are discussed here And while artillery has been used by armies for hundreds of years, this article focuses on "modern" ammunition (post-1870). In their place were hastily trained factory workers, schoolboys, prisoners of war, older men not fit for combat and by the end of the war they introduced the first batteries manned by women for the defence of Berlin. Allied AA defenses were also effective, one example being the battles against the V-1 flying bombs and the fact that they chose to defend Antwerp against the V-1 using AA guns along is testament to their effectiveness. ][clarification needed] radio doppler proximity fuze, which employed the Doppler effect of reflected radio waves using a diode detector arrangement that they devised. When I say sheer firepower, in January 1944 20,625 flak guns were protecting the Reich, and even a German Flak officer estimated 4,000 x 88mm shells were needed to down one bomber. Eine andere -Site. The main targets for these proximity fuze detonated bombs and rockets were anti-aircraft emplacements and airfields.[62]. Physicorium: good all-rounder against unarmored targets, has almost twice the standard damage. flak vest: [noun] a special jacket that is worn by soldiers, police officers, etc., for protection against bullets or exploding shells. [ 12 August 2002, 09:22 AM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 12 August 2002, 04:29 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 13 August 2002, 12:48 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], (You must log in or sign up to reply here.

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