what did jane fonda vietnam

Hows this for a story? I mean, the reality is, there were 24,000 American troops on the ground in South Vietnam. I feel sorry for NORTH: She didn't apologize, Alan. I spent many years its when I made coming home talking to American soldiers, who had been in Vietnam and the things they told me were heartbreaking. In it, she apologizes once again for insulting the men and women who fought in Vietnam. She called the POW's liars. For a great many people, its not enough that Jane Fonda went to North Vietnam, offered encouragement to an army that was daily killing her countrymen, climbed up on that anti-aircraft gun, insisted that all American prisoners were well treated, and so on. On campus, she was pushing her movement to turn U.S. soldiers into pacifists. Yet, despite treason in high places American troops - outnumbered ten-to-one - were winning the war. but not for the rest of it. False. And you were photographed sitting on an anti aircraft gun. ED GRUMMETT, USMC: The night before we made the landing at Chu Yuan (ph) we were listening to Hanoi Hannah and how they were going to annihilate us on the beach. Four die; one, Col. Larry Carrigan, survivesjust barely, but it is he who tells about the incident. I dont know what else to do. Please support this 72-year tradition of trusted historical writing and the volunteers that sustain it with a donation to American Heritage. Switch to the dark mode that's kinder on your eyes at night time. placement: 'Right Rail Thumbnails', Deprived of American assistance, his army bereft of supplies, Chiang Kai-Shek retreated to the island sanctuary of Formosa and dug in. And heres Cat Ballou, the beautiful daughter of Young Abe Lincoln, of Mister Roberts, beaming down from a machine designed to kill them. Considering the admonition about Caesar's wife, perhaps HNN should remove you as an intern. If I was Vietnamese, I probably would have tried to do the same thing, you know, but I should not have gone. Oh, my God. Richard Morgan, Look it, there were clandestine operations conducted in every war. Jane didnt make her infamous and idiotic trip to Hanoi until 1972. And you know, maybe I was set up but I was an adult, its Im gonna take responsibility for it. In 2005, she apologized again on 60 I said that the POWs claiming torture were liars, hypocrites, and pawns. What most Viet-Nam veterans think about Jane Fonda is expressed in a number of products sold by D & G Enterprises, WebJane Fonda & TheVietnam War. Fonda wasnt deterred. It may be an old story, but being that she never stood trial for her actions still make her case an open book. 1972: 'Hanoi' Jane--Text from CNN.com, "Vietnam: Echoes of War, Cultural Timeline" Jane Fonda -- actress, political activist and partner of anti-war After all, she is an American; surely shell carry the message home to the families that their husband or son is alive. Andrea Tantaros, former co-host of "The Five," filed a lawsuit saying that Fox News operated like a "sex-fueled, Playboy-Mansion-like cult.". They have never acknowledged their role in the killing fields of Cambodia and fail to discuss the fact that Vietnam, one of about four communist countries left on the face of this earth, is currently at the bottom rung of third world nations in terms of per capita income. HANNITY: Is Jane Fonda really sorry or just trying to sell her brand new book? We have no right to bomb military targets in Vietnam. I mean, he realized that . There was a real Colonel Carrigan, and he was a POW in Vietnam. ET! She called our POWs hypocrites and liars and referred to their torture as understandable. Please try again later. In July 1972, during the waning days of U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, actress Jane Fonda incurred the enmity of untold thousands of Vietnam veterans and their families (as well as service members for generations to come) when she arrived in Hanoi, North Vietnam, and began a two-week tour of the country. In July of 1972, she made two trips to Hanoi which earned her the nickname Hanoi Jane. And exocide (ph) and biocide. She called our POWs hypocrites and liars and referred to their torture as understandable. In 1972, the Academy Award-winning actress and activist traveled to North Vietnam and was photographed laughing and clapping along with Vietnamese soldiers. They held signs that read Forgive? After we published Peter Braunsteins article on Jane Fonda in our July/August issue, perhaps 60 people sent me this story. Ramsey Clark went to Hanoi during the war. MacArthur asked Truman to permit Chiang Kai-Shek's troops to fight with Americans against the Red Chinese. Jane Fonda remains unforgiven. officers, toward the Chinese border amid cries of protest from Wall Street which feared war with "our trading partner" Red China. She said:I have very few regrets. Hanoi Jane told 60 Minutes that photos snapped while she sat on an enemy aircraft gun was a betrayal and the largest lapse of judgment I can imagine. Though she did say, meeting the locals, other artists, and intellectuals were well worth it. She also spoke about her infamous protests. North Vietnamese press reported and Fonda later confirmed that she made several radio announcements over the Voice of Vietnam radio to implore U.S. pilots to stop the bombings. But she maintains she was not a traitor by speaking out against the war or trying to turn soldiers against it, because she still believesthe U.S. government was lying to them. The day anti-Vietnam War protesters tried to levitate the Pentagon. Jane Fonda came clean in an interview with Chris Wallace about her Hanoi Jane days and her failure as a mother. Sadly, the Founders also mixed a great deal of Greco-Roman Humanism with this heritage, allowing room for much of what you decry. She now hosts "New Day" on CNN. Credit: Bettmann Archive/Getty Images "It was a very tumultuous and polarized time," she said in the HBO documentary. MacArthur was denied his request to attack enemy forces massing across the Yalu border in preparation for attack. After countless apologies spanning four decades, Breitbarts John Nolte believes Hanoi Jane Fonda should finally be forgiven for her antics in Vietnam.. Fonda has said categorically that she was an adult at the time and called her Denying a final victory over a dedicated and skilled marxist enemy was a recipe for the murder of our men. I mean, the fact is, there's no statute on treason, by the way. As anyone who knew or worked with me in those years knows my heart has always been with the soldiers. and how good she feels in her 70s. And the more they tried, the more I. JANE FONDA: I know what Im doing. It was to these traditional Americans, alienated by the Sixties, that the email was targeted, playing on their hopes that finally, at long last, Jane Fonda would have to answer for her choices. The buck stops here. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. And you were photographed sitting on an anti aircraft gun. Her rebellion against the foreign policies of the United States suggested to many outraged Americans that treason might have an All-American face, a familiar accent, and be closer to home than the Other that had previously been assumed to embody the enemy. Each of them suggested that they had done at least one interview with Fonda, and individually they were looking into the historical accuracy behind the claims made about Fonda and why she became such a lighting rod for controversy. In another she was looking into the She said: I have very few regrets. The reality of it is an apology is saying, "I am sorry, I really do apologize for what I did over there, and I'm asking for your forgiveness." Its going to look like I was trying to shoot down U.S. planes! SIGN UP FOR OUR FREE DAILY NEWSLETTER, FIRST TAKE, Megyn Kelly Trashed by Rosie O'Donnell as 'Spineless Wanna Be Barbie' for Jane Fonda Spat, 'Jane Fonda in Five Acts' Film Review: Doc Explores the Many Lives of the Actress-Activist, How Jane Fonda Explains 'Hanoi Jane': 'Regret to My Dying Day', said she was among those at Fox News sexually harassed by Ailes. JANE FONDA: I know what Im doing. Here's the record, number one: you've got the photo on the anti-aircraft gun that you add on during the transition. The other stories allege a far more direct participation in war crimes on the part of Fonda. Jane Fonda remains unforgiven. CHRIS WALLACE: Your most famous protest was 50 years ago when you went to North Vietnam at the height of the war there. I'm not going to tell you anything of the sort. And its about a woman who had a capacity for reinvention that, like Jay Gatsbys, was the more effective for her whole-souled belief in what she devised. _taboola.push({ As I tell my students when we discuss the proper use of testimony, we probably ought not to listen to Jane Fonda on things dealing with foreign affairs but if our goal is to rid our aging bodies from the ravages of cellulite then Fonda can be considered an authority! She did not merely criticize the authoritarian government of South Vietnam, or the dubious motives of powerful corporations that make up the American military-industrial complex. The 85-year-old Fonda has had a lengthy career as a Hollywood icon that includes her current turn in the film 80 For Brady, an equally long stint as an outspoken liberal, a fitness craze that began in the infancy of home video, and much more. In 1972, Fonda toured North Vietnam, where she spoke against U.S. military policy in the country. In fact, when the Tet Offensive broke, Jane Fonda was the featured pinup girl in that months issue of Leatherneck , the official publication of the Marines. And I didnt even think and they sang me a song and Im made me laugh. . She visited Russia in the early Sixties, and was personally impressed by the deference she received. And you were photographed sitting on an anti aircraft gun. Ms. Fonda only met with those POW's who had sold out their fellow POW's, who willingly (without torture) made propaganda statements for their captors, and who enjoyed privileges of medical care, food, and even night-time excursions into Hanoi to watch movies in return. I believe Jane Fonda has talked to at least two historians. This is not a legal transcript for purposes of litigation. No, after the Left's "victory" in the United State's withdrawal from Southeast Asia, the matter of consequences was conveniently dropped from the discussion. Here are her comments: Many of our veterans still call her Hanoi Jane thanks to her radio broadcasts, which attempted to shame American troops. "Claim: POWs were beaten for refusing to cooperate or meet with Fonda during her visit. I mean, the reality is, there were 24,000 American troops on the ground in South Vietnam. Heres a transcript of her remarks so you can judge for yourself. They hadnt been able to vote on the virtues of the conflict, and they found themselves in mortal peril in the midst of an ugly, painful ordeal that a lot of vocal people back home thought was a criminal enterprise. For a great many people, its not enough that Jane Fonda went to North Vietnam, offered encouragement to an army that was daily killing her countrymen, climbed up on that anti-aircraft gun, insisted that all American prisoners were well treated, and so on. And I was I was like a limp noodle what I had experienced and what I had seen, I just I wasnt able to resist, they said were gonna take you out here today. So did Joan Baez and William Sloane Coffin, Noam Chomsky and Pete Seeger, Rennie Davis and Judy Collins. It is always distressing to find American citizens who benefit from the protection and assistance of this government lending their voice in any way to governments such as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam distressing indeed, said State Department spokesman Charles W. Bray, according to a July 1972 Reuters story. 1990) Pages 121-123. Nobody remembers, nobody cares. Outside of herself, she was manipulated by the experts in the Communist government who are masters in the art of propaganda. Otherwise, she wouldn't touch a weapon if she was genuinely anti-war. The reason Jane Fonda went to Vietnam was not wrong as Mr. Sollinger put it but the way she behaved while in Vietnam was unappropriate. Thats all the ground troops were Due to actions and images some people consider unpatriotic or treasonous, she earned http://www.truthminers.com/truth/hanoi_jane.htm; Biden Should Remove Cuba from List of State Sponsors of Terrorism, Descendants of Slaveholder Donor Denounce Law School Name Change, How Social Media and Community Schools Could Fill in Gaps Teaching Black History, American Girl Dolls Declare the 1990s Ancient History, Review: DeSantis's Book is a Campaign Tome Written by ChatGPT, Reconsidering Phillis Wheatley's Place in the Revolutionary Era, Philosopher Lewis Gordon's Impact on Black Jewish History, Quintard Taylor's Black Past Project Fights Erasure of History, Review: The Unfinished Business of "Double V", One Reason to Confirm National Archivist Fast? The journey of Jane Fonda: Ive always been curious. Youre gonna come through it, okay. Have a tip or story idea? But Fonda may have regrets about those photos in particular, but shes never regretted her political activism. Do any right-wingers ever decry the fact that Bush and the conservatives overthrew Aristide because he was a socialists----then invited the Chinese Communists in to our hemisphere? After Fonda returned from hertrip, the State Department spoke out against her. Nobody remembers, nobody cares. The alleged mission was to prevent communism from spreading to South Korea, a peninsula pointed at now disarmed Japan. They knew we were coming. Enjoy the rest of the conversation. All of the facts, in retrospect, lead to the conclusion that the U.S. government's purpose in dragging America into Korea was not to defeat communism but to kill as many Americans as possible in an ignoble defeat, get rid of the hero MacArthur as a possible presidential nominee, and lure a disillusioned America into acceptance of one world government. And, as she does, each POW palms her a scrap of paper with his Social Security number written on it. They realized that the war was wrong, that we werent wanted there. Heres the picture that was used to shut shut down American plants, critics, and there were millions of them, called you a Hanoi Jane and said you were a traitor. Nevertheless, there are Vietnam veterans out there who served in the war zone before 1969 who are convinced that Jane Fonda was in cahoots with the Commies during their own tours. CHRIS WALLACE: When you got that nickname Hanoi Jane, how did you feel at the time? She and actor Donald Sutherland started an anti-USO troupe to counter Bob Hopes famous shows for the troops. Due to the pressure of so-called "rationalists", Article VI, Paragraph 3 of the Constitution forbids Congress from excluding Communists, Anti-Semites, or Globalists from its membership, allowing the control that you decry. The story surfaced on the Internet in 1999, and my guess is that it will live there a long time. I mean, that's what you and I do with our wives when we say something that we shouldn't have said. During her two-week stay, Fonda concluded that America was unjustly bombing farmland and areas far flung from military targets. And I didnt even think and they sang me a song and Im made me laugh. The media heaped calumny on U.S. military leadership; presented biased, horrifying scenes depicting "the wanton killing of Vietnamese civilians", and the "degeneracy" of our fighting men and women. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Free shipping for many products! AND Id been getting pretty sour about the incensed patriots who would curse me and my family and confidently speak on behalf of all veterans living and dead, and the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress, to declare I was a disgrace to America for running that storythen conclude by smugly assuring me they would never read it. The POWs are beaten. Did we lie about the body that we planted on Omaha Beach (search), trying to convince the Germans that we were going to land somewhere else? Never. and booed people attending the event, according to the Frederick News-Post. Maybe. Im not you know, they all went to jail. I mean, he realized that. Fonda traveled to Hanoi, Vietnam, to protest the Vietnam War, but she did not do most of the things the post claims. By denying their mistreatment or not investigating their treatment,in an effort to sway public opinion to her own perceived vision of the national interest, she did harm to her countrymen in captivity. At the time, Hanoi Jane was serenaded with a Communist folk song and was led to a weapon that had shot down many American aircraft, and photos were immediately taken. No one with half a brain took Jane Fonda seriously then, or for that matter, now. As the war raged, the one-time blonde bombshell cut her naturally brown hair short, trading sex appeal for liberal activism and rebranding herself as a political crusader against the war. After we published Peter Braunsteins article on Jane Fonda in our July/August issue, perhaps 60 people sent me this story. He collects a group of American POWs from their septic dungeons, cleans them up, and has them mustered on parade to show his guest how well his embattled nation treats its prisoners. And I was I was like a limp noodle what I had experienced and what I had seen, I just I wasnt able to resist, they said were gonna take you out here today. MacArthur soon realized he was expected to win battles but lose the war. Peter Braunsteins article speculated that Jane Fonda had this ability to a degree unique in modern times. Fondas wide-ranging response went from apologetic to defiant and everywhere in between: CHRIS WALLACE: Your most famous protest was 50 years ago when you went to North Vietnam at the height of the war there. Fonda has refused to tell her side of the story to historians investigating her role, purportedly because she was saving her story for her own memoirs, which are expected to be published soon. "Flashpoint Vietnam," the real story about the road to the war. I dug in my heels. But now, very quickly, treason is the only crime defined in our Constitution. It evidently didnt. She has said that she regrets doing this. Free subscription>>, Please consider a donation to help us keep this American treasure alive. Jane Fonda was always an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. Communism is an atheistic system, and even advocating it is a serious offense in my eyes (with or without war crimes participation). The chance to remake oneself is a universally acknowledged strength of this Republic, and the Republic itself has done it often enough. We're going to take them out. In 2015, about 50 veterans stood outside theWeinberg Center for the Arts in Frederick, Md., to protest Fondas appearance there. Ramsey Clark went to Hanoi during the war. One of the times it did, Im happy to say, was with Keith Nolan, the author of several books on the war, most recently Ripcord , a superb account of the 101st Airborne in the conflicts last great battle. She has to be a murderess too. Email us. The cover called her Ms. And, you know, I think they thought, Oh, shes this white privilege rich, famous daughter of all of that stuff. It wasnt firing at the time, and Fonda said in 2011 she hardly even thought about where I was sitting and that it is possible that it was a set up, that the Vietnamese Many Americans traveled to Vietnam on peace delegations to end the war, yet it was Jane Fonda who was captured as a timeless image when she was photographed looking through a Viet Cong anti-aircraft gun. Thats what made me laugh. And four months later, the bombing stopped of the dikes. I mean, the reality of it is that's not an apology. Outspoken host Elisabeth Hasselbeck left "The View" to join "Fox & Friends" in 2013, which she exited at the end of 2015. The one story that was true never touched the question of whether or not she directly participated in war crimes. Of course, she was a Vietnamese. During her two-week stay, Fonda concluded that America CNN anchorChris Wallace grilled Hollywood legend and activist Jane Fonda over her controversial visit to North Vietnam that caused millions to dub her Hanoi Jane, and got a full spectrum response on the subject. They landed two months later on 7 May with the 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines. I mean, you know, of all manner of slings and arrows were thrown my way. Watch "Hannity & Colmes" weeknights at 9 p.m. Fonda told the audience that their protests saddened her. Why are people more angry at Jane Fonda that they are against, say, Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon, the people really responsible? Manywere there to protest the Vietnam War. "Because of this," the narrative continues, "I spent three days on a rocky floor on my knees with outstretched arms with a piece of steel placed on my hands, and beaten with a bamboo cane every time my arms dipped." His alliance with the Reds made sense, since both upheld elite control of the world. An analogy: I'm more upset by somebody coming into my house and stealing from me than I am by a tax increase, or even by government malfeasance. Talking Points, WATCH: Greg Gutfeld and Bill Maher Riff About Incest Porn Because They Are Hilarious Comedians And Hell Exists, Cocaine Bear, Hold My Beer: Production Company Behind Sharknado Releasing Meth Gator Movie This Summer. For example, she went on Radio Hanoi a number of times, while our troops, your friends, were being shot at by an enemy in Vietnam, saying our POWs were in good health. Which is precisely why U.S. liberals so vehemently protested U.S. involvement - and that is the only reason - we were destroying their comrades the communists. This is a partial transcript from "Hannity & Colmes," April 6, 2005, that has been edited for clarity. Screw you. I think so, and I would hope that all Americans will at least speak their minds at the movie box office and refuse to further enrich one of the greatest American traitors. CHRIS Troop B, 2nd squadron, 17th Cavalry, RVN, 1969-70 Good question here Richard: "My question is, when will people like Fonda and Kerry (unlike Joan Baez) take responsibility for what they have wrought -- the totalitarian system that gave us re-education camps and the boat people?" LBJ and Congress share responsibility for the Gulf of Tonkin resolution, with its dubious basis, and everything that followed. YOU'VE REACHED YOUR MONTHLY ARTICLE LIMIT. I dont think they know, Fonda said in a news conference when she returned home. Halyburton told him that the POW's had tried to debunk them even though they regarded Fonda as an unsympathetic figure. And the more they tried, the more. It never happened. I have had my say. Troop D, 1st squadron, 4th Cavalry, RVN, 1966-7 All rights reserved. I never asked pilots to desert. Its folklore, but folklore of a curiously evolved sort. Joining us now is the host of "War Stories," who fought in Vietnam, Colonel Oliver North is with us. Sending Out Veterans' Benefits, The Executive Branchs Response to the Flood of 1927, The Case For Calling the Language "American", America Fought Its Own Battle Over Books Before it Fought the Nazis. During the photo sessions during her visit to Vietnam, she strongly believed were setups and a grave mistake on her part. Fox News has enhanced the careers of numerous women who have served as hosts. I don't want people putting words into my mouth, saying "you're going to tell us all these bankers and financiers are Jewish", for instance. I mean, the reality is, there were 24,000 American troops on the ground in South Vietnam. A Vietnam War photographer captured the bloody Tet offensive. WebNevertheless, there are Vietnam veterans out there who served in the war zone before 1969 who are convinced that Jane Fonda was in cahoots with the Commies during their own Four die; one, Col. Larry Carrigan, survivesjust barely, but it is he who tells about the incident. Her visit actually took place in 1972. Jane Fonda is a star of stage and screen whose career began in 1960. No article of ours gets hundreds of letters, but this one did, very few of them friendly. There is certainly no doubt that the country was basically split down the middle on the idea of our military presence in SE Asia, and as Americans we were all free to protest the war to our hearts' content. Copyright 1949-2022 American Heritage Publishing Co. All Rights Reserved. Im not you know, they all went to jail. We now see a pattern of sedition/treason. Bates (private citizen), What do all you old sober sides make of this thesis? CHRIS WALLACE: Who the people in the Nixon administration? (Later, after 58,152 American dead were just names on a wall, declassified US Navy logs revealed there had been no torpedo attack!). wars the intention of which is not to win but to bleed) is quite plausible. At that time, over 60,000 American soldiers had lost their lives, and almost one million Vietnamese. He hadnt liked the story but at least was willing to discuss it. The Nixon Justice Department poured over the transcripts of my broadcasts trying to find a way to put me on trial for treason but they could find none. Bates. Coffee houses. Thousands more were on the way, including Ernie Wallace (ph) and Ed Grummett. Pleasant Michigan, where Mary Hersberger (Capital University) and Jerry Kembcke (Holy Cross College) both gave papers on Fonda. The financial elite then move into the vacuum, establish central banks, and issue debt-credit to the devastated populations. North Vietnam, 1972,: Jane Fonda is in the midst of her visit when an N.V.A. [3] And she referred to the POW's as hypocrites and liars.[4]. Hundreds of Americans had gone to North Vietnam, journalists diplomats, our Secretary of State Ramsey Clark, Vietnam veterans, but I said but a movie star hasnt gone and maybe if I go it will draw more attention, and thats what it did. It meant re-taking the same bloody ground over and over again. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. This weekend's special I mean, this is very moving. However, the allegation that she abused American POWs is not true. She continued openly to question the accounts of the U.S. government and American POWs, who told devastating stories of the torture they endured at the hands of the North Vietnamese. "Hanoi Run" from USSR to Viet Nam, was produced in Russian plants that had been built by American companies and financed by the Federal Reserve System. }); We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The cover called her Ms. It has simply been repeated over and over again, without proof, and duplicated on a number of websites. It was my mistake and I have paid and continue to pay a heavy price for it.. A young photographer took this harrowing image of the Vietnam War. Politicians make mistakes that affect the body politic and statesmen sometimes direct a foreign policy that disregards individuals in the national interest. This article was published more than4 years ago. There was a real Colonel Carrigan, and he was a POW in Vietnam. In no sense am I a Fonda apologist. Whereupon Truman dismissed MacArthur for insubordination. Its something very like the worst sort of lovers betrayal, the deep wound that time itself often is powerless to heal. And it was a terrible mistake because of the image that it showed, which was not at all what the reality was. However, the fact that she advocated Communism does not give anyone license to make up stories or slander. Many of our veterans still call her Hanoi Jane thanks to her radio broadcasts: True, but she doesnt just have the nickname because of the radio broadcasts. I sang a song. Transcription Copyright 2005 eMediaMillWorks, Inc. (f/k/a Federal Document Clearing House, Inc.), which takes sole responsibility for the accuracy of the transcription. Kiran Chetry was a Fox News host from 2001 to 2007. So I feel that well If I did was good, except that I shouldnt have set gone out to a military place. Why? A photograph caught her looking through the scope of an anti-aircraft gun, surrounded by revolutionaries. These men were bombing and strafing and napalming the country, she said. Forget? But she was advised by other activists to focus her political energies, deciding to go all-in as an impassioned voice for the antiwar movement. She went to tour the countrys dike system, which was rumored to have been intentionally bombed by American forces something the U.S. government to this day forcefully denies. From Urban Legends: If I was used, I allowed it to happen. Fonda shakes the last hand, then turns to the officer and gives him the fistful of messages. No article of ours gets hundreds of letters, but this one did, very few of them friendly. Which goes to reinforce the old adage that no one is truly a waste of skin. There is no doubt these treasonous no-win US wars were meant to disillusion the American nation into accepting loss of sovereignty and one world government." She went to tour the countrys dike system, which was rumored to have been intentionally bombed by American forces something the U.S. government to this day forcefully denies. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. These horrendous claims went around the nation on the Internet, resulting in a great deal of anger and consternation among veterans. They realized that the war was wrong, that we werent wanted there. You know, we can we can scare her, and boy did they try? [email protected]. Subsequently communist China was awarded a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council, its most powerful chair. Its more than being a traitor; millions of Americans felt treasonous during that war.

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