the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment

Average the results. For ball 1 a value of 0.925 was found and 0.908 was found for ball 2. Bocce ball, which was first documented in the year 5200 B.C., is a sport that was first popularized during the roman empire. Then they would be dropped from a table, and the height would be measured. A thousand seconds after achieving target tension and being clamped off, the string that took only 1 second to stretch to target tension lost almost 3 Kg more tension than the one that took 26 seconds. (Incorporation, 2011)The first rubber tennis balls were made out of pure rubber, and their properties were increased by stitching flannel on to the core. And according to the experimenters, tension is, in reality, a determinant of stiffness. Overall the residual plots show that the fit is good, but there is some considerable doubt and, it is possible another model might fit the data even better. It is true that temperature greatly affects the pressure of a tennis ball; temperature can increase and reduce pressure of a tennis ball, depending on the heat added or taken away; this would benefit people designing objects to absorb shock. (Incorporation, 2011) This method was used for a long time. Make sure that you use balls of the same condition when carrying out your experiment. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. The stiffness tests closely approximated the expected result that stiffness would have an inverse relationship to increase in temperature. The mechanism that is used to shoot the ball is a trigger, the trigger is what you pull to shoot the ball. (Sheehan, 2011)Also, as most people know, the molecules that make up gas can easily expand or contract. Put 2 in the freezer, also for 10 mins, so they can First, make a way for the ball to drop from the same height every time. If a 82,37,and 70 degree tennis ball are dropped,then the 82 degree tennis ball will bounce the highest because the molecules in the 82 degree tennis ball will move faster. Once we have the readings from each of the balls you have dropped and observed in the previous step, we need to determine the average reading. The stiffness, k, is calculated as k = dF/dx, where dF is the increase in the force when elongation increases by dx. Mark a point 1 metre from the ground on a wall. Tension loss is defined as just that part that occurs after stretching. Elongation also behaved as expected it increased with temperature (Figure 9). Once the arm has begun to accelerate towards the ball, the tricep brachii is then used to, The ball uses this kinetic energy to move up the usually 6 to 7 degree incline to the top of the playing field. Hot temperatures create more pressure whereas cold temperatures do not produce much pressure. The string was then allowed to cool for 200 additional seconds. A residual analysis was next completed for the liner regression. Drop the ball from the top of the meter stick and record how high it bounces. You should find that the heated balls bounce the highest, followed by the room temperature balls, then the refrigerated balls, with the frozen tennis balls bouncing the least. As long as there is stress, some molecular bonds will continue to reorient to less stressful positions given enough time. If we graph post-relaxation stiffness vs temperature for each string, we begin to see some patterns. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. The more extended height from which you drop off the balls is also helpful and means that you can make more accurate observations. (Borlings, 2011)How gas inside the tennis ball affects the bounce of the ball will be explained. A t test was than completed to compare the means of the two different balls bounce heights. Is a Photograph equally sharp in all area? Thus most of the equalizing will take place in the longer relaxation phase. Here is the table for this graph showing the actual height in which the ball bounced. Temperature Cubic ANOVA, Table 14: Ball 2 vs. . Place DrDAQ on the floor and configure it to measure the "sound level" with a sampling rate of 10 ms Start recording the sound level. A further study should be completed to see if anything else effects the balls differently to try and determine what makes the balls different. This time, the ball can be heated for longer than 20 minutes. Upon conclusion, I am to determine why resistance was limited during the activity. First, find a tennis ball with a thermometer right next to it and leave it at room temperature for 20 minutes. It is the other way around for polyester the 20 string loses more tension than the 40 string. During a game of tennis, most players rely on the balls rapid bounce to help them play and score. The scientific equation for determining the pressure of gas is p=rRT, where p is the pressure, r is the density, R is a constant specific to the gas and T is temperature. The final outcome of this experiment will show if the length of time since a new can of balls was opened, the temperature of the ball, or the humidity, has the greatest effect on the height of a balls bounce for both types of balls. Most balls use valves for air retention. Figure 6 Composite view of tension loss by string and temperature history (indexed in order of tension loss at room temperature of 20 C). When the temperature increases, the gas molecules inside the tennis ball expand. Hold a ball so its lowest point is at the 1 metre point. While a temperature change in one direction has a high-bouncing effect, a temperature change in the other direction reduces the balls bouncing abilities. Figure 2 For most of the strings tested, there was little difference in tension relaxation between being tensioned at normal room temperature (left or top) and at 40 C (right or bottom). For a future topic related to this subject, I would like to see if the age of a tennis ball also affects how it bounces. According to Aleks Szymanski from tennisletics.com, tennis balls are hollow and contain air that expands in the event of high temperatures, causing the balls to bounce more freely. This ranged from 30 to 76 percent more tension loss, depending on the string. The paper will focus on the some of the types of the serves and the ways in which the upper extremity are involved in the game. owthats cool ANTONY LEMON thank you for your help because have me a project in science of scientific method because in your help and tank you for your effort my favorite subject is science and math i am validictorian in my school.THANK YOU FOR YOUR EFFORT. The question also required me to determ wheter or not I could use the same weight as I normally do while using the stability ball? Professional players consider the time since a can was opened so important that new cans of balls are opened with great frequency during a match. The air molecules inside the ball will also move around slowly and tend to have less energy when the ball has been cooled down, meaning that the ball will have a lower bounce when you drop it to the ground. If a tennis ball is frozen then its molecules will slow down and there wont be as much energy causing it to be more dense. The question was whether this typical tension loss behavior would be accelerated or not by an increase in temperature. Analyze the data, and make a conclusion stating if the temperature of a tennis ball affects how high it bounces. On the other hand, a temperature decrease causes the gas molecules to contract and move around more sluggishly. While we think primarily about the effect of temperature on rackets and their strings, theres one thing that is also significantly affected by high temperatures: the balls themselves. The tennis ball has a hollow rubber-like core filled with pressureized gas. Here is a diagram of the structure of a tennis ball. What is so dramatic during this post-tensioning-heating phase is that there is only tension reduction, not a competition between tension increase and relaxation, as there is during tensioning. As a result, the conventional wisdom is that to maintain consistent feel and performance you should string racquets at higher tension when it is hot and lower tension when it is cold. Pickleball Spin Why Is A Rubber Hitting Surface Illegal? From the things they can controllike diet, rest, and conditioning, to the things that are relatively less predictablelike weather conditions and temperature, good players are continually considering all eventualities. University of Virginia Physics Department, n.d. Tests with this apparatus were conducted at 20 C and 40 C. 20 C was room temperature with air conditioning. What players feel when hitting in various temperature conditions is the combined effect. The temperature regression was carried out last. In general, players can compensate by adjusting playing style as well as making technical tweaks to their rackets and stringing configurations. Repeat steps 1-3 but keep the ball in a refrigerator. Findings from University of Sydney Tennis Warehouse Study (2016), weather and environment can influence not only the way tennis strings. Percentages of the tennis balls bounce. This allows more elongation at lower stresses than occur at lower temperatures. The string ends extended past the end of the tube and were clamped. How hot the object or how cold the object. When the temperature increases, the gas molecules inside the tennis ball expand. Synthetic materials hold up better, on the other hand. Setup #1 Tension vs timing of heat application. The conclusion for the two different ball types will show which is in fact is a better ball in each of the different situations. The difference in stiffness between temperatures for each string was greater for the nylon strings. Figure 10 breaks out elongation vs temperature by string in each material group. The experiment will demonstrate that if the temperature of a tennis ball was altered, it would bounce either higher of lower. The use of different kinds of balls will help you determine whether the temperature is the only variable causing your results to be varied. Exploratorium: That's The Way The Ball Bounces. But how much higher or lower? The courts are designed so that the ball can bounce off any surface and still be in play, yet it is in a confined area so you don't have to run to cover too much territory. Setup #1 Tension vs timing of heat application. Results for Setup #1 tension loss vs timing of heat application. 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